In vitro gynogenesis is an important tool used in haploid or homozygous double-haploid plant breeding.However,because of low repeatability,embryoid induction rate and quality,the molecular mechanisms remain poorly und...In vitro gynogenesis is an important tool used in haploid or homozygous double-haploid plant breeding.However,because of low repeatability,embryoid induction rate and quality,the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood.Heat shock treatment can promote the transformation of the gametophytic pathway into the sporophyte pathway,which induces the occurrence of haploid.In this study,unfertilized ovaries were heat shocked for 0 h(A0)before flowering and for 0 h(A1),4 h(A3),8 h(A5),12 h(A7),and 24 h(A8),respectively,at 37℃at the first day of the flowering stage.The ovule enlargement rate was increased from 0%at 25℃to 96.8%at 37℃(24 h treatment).Thus,we aimed to investigate the gene expression patterns in unfertilized ovules of watermelon after different periods of heat shock by using RNA-Seq technology.The results showed that compared with A3,A5,A7,and A8,the biosynthesis of amino acid,glycine,serine and threonine metabolic pathways in A1 has changed significantly.This indicated that heat shock treatment affected the synthesis and transformation of amino acids during ovule expansion.The transcriptome data suggested gene expressions of ovule growth were significantly changed by heat-specific influences.The results provide new information on the complex relationship between in vitro gynogenesis and temperature.This provides a basis for further study of the mechanism of heat shock affecting the expansion of watermelon ovule.展开更多
Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus(Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) is an important cucurbit crop grown worldwide. Watermelon fruit quality, fertility, and seed-setting rate are closely related to male flower development. In th...Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus(Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) is an important cucurbit crop grown worldwide. Watermelon fruit quality, fertility, and seed-setting rate are closely related to male flower development. In this study, the different developmental stages of flower buds of the watermelon cultivar ’Xinteda Zhengkang 9’ were distinguished by cytological observation, and transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed subsequently. Acetocarmine staining of anthers was performed and the longitudinal and transverse diameters of the unopened male flower buds were measured. Cytological observations of anthers at different developmental stages showed that the anther grew from the tetrad to the mature stage, and the longitudinal and transverse diameters of the flower buds increased. The length of the male flower buds also changed significantly during development. Transcriptome sequencing analysis at four periods, the tetrad(A group), mononuclear(B group), dikaryophase(C group), and mature stages(D group). A total of 16 288 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were detected in the four stages, with the prolongation of developmental stages, the number of DEGs increased gradually in the comparison groups, there was 2 014, 3 259, 4 628, 1 490, 3 495 and 1 132 DEGs revealed in six comparison groups(A-vs.-B, A-vs.-C, A-vs.-D, B-vs.-C, B-vs.-D, and C-vs.-D), respectively. Gene Ontology(GO) and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in cellular component and starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and pentose sugar, etc. Finally, we completely screened 59 DEGs in the six comparison groups, interestingly, we found one pollen-specific protein(Cla001608) that was significantly down-regulated(the value of log2 Fold Change up to 17.32), which indicated that it may play an important role in the development of male flowers. This work provides insight into the molecular basis of the developmental stages of male flowers in watermelon and may aid in dominant cross breeding.展开更多
To develop a nested PCR assay for the detection of cattle-derived Cyclospora sp., two pairs of primers were designed on the basis of the cattle-derived Cyclospora sp. sequences. These primers selectively amplified a 1...To develop a nested PCR assay for the detection of cattle-derived Cyclospora sp., two pairs of primers were designed on the basis of the cattle-derived Cyclospora sp. sequences. These primers selectively amplified a 168-bp DNA fragment of the 18S rRNA gene of cattle-derived Cyclospora sp. With these primers, a nested PCR assay for the detection of cattlederived Cyclospora sp. was developed. The nested PCR assay was specific and there is no cross-reaction with other parasites, such as Eimeria spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia sp., Toxoplasma sp., Trichuris sp. and cattle ciliate. The assay was able to detect as low as 2.85 × 10^-2 fg of the control positive DNA. The results of the detection of clinical samples indicated that the assay coincided with microscopic examination. The results show that the nested PCR assay will be an effective tool for the detection of Cyclospora sp. in cattle feces.展开更多
In order to find leading compounds with an excellent fungicidal activity, the title compound 2-（ 1,3-dithiolan-2- yl-idene）-1-phenyl-2-（ 1,2,4-tfiazol-1-yl） ethanone was synthesized according to the biological iso...In order to find leading compounds with an excellent fungicidal activity, the title compound 2-（ 1,3-dithiolan-2- yl-idene）-1-phenyl-2-（ 1,2,4-tfiazol-1-yl） ethanone was synthesized according to the biological isosterism and its structure was confirmed by means of IR, MS, ^1 H NMR and elemental analysis. The single crystal structure of the title compound was determined by X-ray diffraction. The preliminary biological test shows that the synthesized compound exhibits some biological activities.展开更多
A novel triazole derivative 4-（ 2-hydrobenzylideneamino ） -3-（ 1,2,4-triazol-4-ylmethyl ） -1H-1,2,4-triazole-5 （4H）-thione（1） was synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, FTIR, and 1^H NMR, and ...A novel triazole derivative 4-（ 2-hydrobenzylideneamino ） -3-（ 1,2,4-triazol-4-ylmethyl ） -1H-1,2,4-triazole-5 （4H）-thione（1） was synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, FTIR, and 1^H NMR, and its crystal structure was determined via X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. Crystal data： monoclinic, P2 （ 1 ）/c, a = 0. 83335（9） nm, b = 1. 49777（16） nm, c = 1. 14724（12） nm,β = 107. 990（2）°, D = 1. 470 Mg/m^3, and Z =4. The geometries and the vibrational frequencies were determined using the density functional theory（DFT） method at the B3LYP/6-31G^＊ level. To demonstrate the accuracy of the reaction route of compound 1, one of the important intermediates was also tested using the same method. The structural parameters of the two compounds calculated using the DFT study are close to those of the crystals, and the harmonic vibrations of the two compounds computed via the DFT method are in good agreement with those in the observed IR spectral data. The thermodynamic properties of the title compound were calculated, and the compound shows a good structural stability at normal temperature. The test results of biological activities show that it has a certain bactericidal ability.展开更多
N′-（4-fluorobenzylidene）-2-（ 1H-1,2,4-triasole-1-yl） acetohydrazide was synthesized by the reaction of 4-flu- orobenzaldehyde with 2-（ 1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl） acetohydrazide. The structure was confirmed via ele...N′-（4-fluorobenzylidene）-2-（ 1H-1,2,4-triasole-1-yl） acetohydrazide was synthesized by the reaction of 4-flu- orobenzaldehyde with 2-（ 1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl） acetohydrazide. The structure was confirmed via elemental analysis, MS, ^1H NMR, IR, and X-ray diffraction. It crystallized in a monoclinic system with space group P2 （ 1 ）, α = 0.4905（1） nm, b =0. 8160（2） nm, c = 1.4105（3） nm, β =93. 33（3）°, Z=2, V=0.5636（2） nm^3, Do =1.457 Mg/m^3,μ =0. 112 mm^-1 , F（000） =256, and final R1 =0. 0685. Several intermolecular hydrogen-bond interactions existed in the crystal structure, facilitating the stabilization of the compound.展开更多
目的评估神经肌肉电刺激(NMES)治疗对全膝关节置换术(TKA)后膝关节功能恢复的临床疗效。方法利用PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane图书馆、Web of Science及中国知网、万方医学、维普数据库,检索建库至2022年4月18日关于全膝关节置换术后应用N...目的评估神经肌肉电刺激(NMES)治疗对全膝关节置换术(TKA)后膝关节功能恢复的临床疗效。方法利用PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane图书馆、Web of Science及中国知网、万方医学、维普数据库,检索建库至2022年4月18日关于全膝关节置换术后应用NMES治疗的随机对照临床试验。2名研究员独立进行文献筛选、数据提取及偏倚风险评估,采用Review Manager 5.4软件对膝关节功能的指标进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入8项随机对照试验共计464例患者,其中NMES组246例,常规康复组218例。NMES组在术后1个月内和术后1~2个月(SMD=0.80,95%CI=0.47~1.13,P<0.001;SMD=0.55,95%CI=0.15~0.96,P=0.008)的股四头肌肌力、术后3~4个月的疼痛评分(MD=-0.62,95%CI=-0.88~-0.36,P<0.001)、术后1个月内和术后2~3个月的3 min步行试验(MD=25.18,95%CI=12.01~38.34,P<0.001;MD=31.37,95%CI=17.57~45.18,P<0.001)、术后3~6个月的屈膝活动度(MD=3.16,95%CI=1.01~5.31,P=0.04),均优于常规康复组。2组起立-行走计时测试、36条健康调查简表生理方面得分、膝关节伸膝活动度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与常规康复相比,TKA术后联合NMES治疗膝关节骨性关节炎表现出更好的临床疗效,但结果仍需多中心、大样本的临床随机对照试验进一步验证。展开更多
基金supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-25)the Fundamental Research Funds of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Y2018YJ15 and Y2019XK16-03)+1 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP2018-ZFRI)the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFD0201310)
文摘In vitro gynogenesis is an important tool used in haploid or homozygous double-haploid plant breeding.However,because of low repeatability,embryoid induction rate and quality,the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood.Heat shock treatment can promote the transformation of the gametophytic pathway into the sporophyte pathway,which induces the occurrence of haploid.In this study,unfertilized ovaries were heat shocked for 0 h(A0)before flowering and for 0 h(A1),4 h(A3),8 h(A5),12 h(A7),and 24 h(A8),respectively,at 37℃at the first day of the flowering stage.The ovule enlargement rate was increased from 0%at 25℃to 96.8%at 37℃(24 h treatment).Thus,we aimed to investigate the gene expression patterns in unfertilized ovules of watermelon after different periods of heat shock by using RNA-Seq technology.The results showed that compared with A3,A5,A7,and A8,the biosynthesis of amino acid,glycine,serine and threonine metabolic pathways in A1 has changed significantly.This indicated that heat shock treatment affected the synthesis and transformation of amino acids during ovule expansion.The transcriptome data suggested gene expressions of ovule growth were significantly changed by heat-specific influences.The results provide new information on the complex relationship between in vitro gynogenesis and temperature.This provides a basis for further study of the mechanism of heat shock affecting the expansion of watermelon ovule.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-25)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(Y2019XK16-03)+2 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAASASTIP-2020-ZFRI)the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province,China(202102110194)the Major Science and Technology Project in Zhengzhou,China(188PCXZX802)。
文摘Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus(Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) is an important cucurbit crop grown worldwide. Watermelon fruit quality, fertility, and seed-setting rate are closely related to male flower development. In this study, the different developmental stages of flower buds of the watermelon cultivar ’Xinteda Zhengkang 9’ were distinguished by cytological observation, and transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed subsequently. Acetocarmine staining of anthers was performed and the longitudinal and transverse diameters of the unopened male flower buds were measured. Cytological observations of anthers at different developmental stages showed that the anther grew from the tetrad to the mature stage, and the longitudinal and transverse diameters of the flower buds increased. The length of the male flower buds also changed significantly during development. Transcriptome sequencing analysis at four periods, the tetrad(A group), mononuclear(B group), dikaryophase(C group), and mature stages(D group). A total of 16 288 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were detected in the four stages, with the prolongation of developmental stages, the number of DEGs increased gradually in the comparison groups, there was 2 014, 3 259, 4 628, 1 490, 3 495 and 1 132 DEGs revealed in six comparison groups(A-vs.-B, A-vs.-C, A-vs.-D, B-vs.-C, B-vs.-D, and C-vs.-D), respectively. Gene Ontology(GO) and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in cellular component and starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and pentose sugar, etc. Finally, we completely screened 59 DEGs in the six comparison groups, interestingly, we found one pollen-specific protein(Cla001608) that was significantly down-regulated(the value of log2 Fold Change up to 17.32), which indicated that it may play an important role in the development of male flowers. This work provides insight into the molecular basis of the developmental stages of male flowers in watermelon and may aid in dominant cross breeding.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30371082, 30671577） Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China （32286）.
文摘To develop a nested PCR assay for the detection of cattle-derived Cyclospora sp., two pairs of primers were designed on the basis of the cattle-derived Cyclospora sp. sequences. These primers selectively amplified a 168-bp DNA fragment of the 18S rRNA gene of cattle-derived Cyclospora sp. With these primers, a nested PCR assay for the detection of cattlederived Cyclospora sp. was developed. The nested PCR assay was specific and there is no cross-reaction with other parasites, such as Eimeria spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia sp., Toxoplasma sp., Trichuris sp. and cattle ciliate. The assay was able to detect as low as 2.85 × 10^-2 fg of the control positive DNA. The results of the detection of clinical samples indicated that the assay coincided with microscopic examination. The results show that the nested PCR assay will be an effective tool for the detection of Cyclospora sp. in cattle feces.
文摘In order to find leading compounds with an excellent fungicidal activity, the title compound 2-（ 1,3-dithiolan-2- yl-idene）-1-phenyl-2-（ 1,2,4-tfiazol-1-yl） ethanone was synthesized according to the biological isosterism and its structure was confirmed by means of IR, MS, ^1 H NMR and elemental analysis. The single crystal structure of the title compound was determined by X-ray diffraction. The preliminary biological test shows that the synthesized compound exhibits some biological activities.
基金Supported by the Key Foundation of Chinese Academay of Sciences(NoK2CX2-YW-210)
文摘A novel triazole derivative 4-（ 2-hydrobenzylideneamino ） -3-（ 1,2,4-triazol-4-ylmethyl ） -1H-1,2,4-triazole-5 （4H）-thione（1） was synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, FTIR, and 1^H NMR, and its crystal structure was determined via X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. Crystal data： monoclinic, P2 （ 1 ）/c, a = 0. 83335（9） nm, b = 1. 49777（16） nm, c = 1. 14724（12） nm,β = 107. 990（2）°, D = 1. 470 Mg/m^3, and Z =4. The geometries and the vibrational frequencies were determined using the density functional theory（DFT） method at the B3LYP/6-31G^＊ level. To demonstrate the accuracy of the reaction route of compound 1, one of the important intermediates was also tested using the same method. The structural parameters of the two compounds calculated using the DFT study are close to those of the crystals, and the harmonic vibrations of the two compounds computed via the DFT method are in good agreement with those in the observed IR spectral data. The thermodynamic properties of the title compound were calculated, and the compound shows a good structural stability at normal temperature. The test results of biological activities show that it has a certain bactericidal ability.
文摘N′-（4-fluorobenzylidene）-2-（ 1H-1,2,4-triasole-1-yl） acetohydrazide was synthesized by the reaction of 4-flu- orobenzaldehyde with 2-（ 1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl） acetohydrazide. The structure was confirmed via elemental analysis, MS, ^1H NMR, IR, and X-ray diffraction. It crystallized in a monoclinic system with space group P2 （ 1 ）, α = 0.4905（1） nm, b =0. 8160（2） nm, c = 1.4105（3） nm, β =93. 33（3）°, Z=2, V=0.5636（2） nm^3, Do =1.457 Mg/m^3,μ =0. 112 mm^-1 , F（000） =256, and final R1 =0. 0685. Several intermolecular hydrogen-bond interactions existed in the crystal structure, facilitating the stabilization of the compound.
