应用真空渗透法将SFL基因转入水稻的研究

【目的】真空渗透法无需组培过程,可明显缩短转化周期,提高转化效率。文章建立了水稻的真空渗透转化体系。【方法】应用自主研制的真空渗透转化装置,对开花前的活体水稻进行短暂抽真空条件下的农杆菌侵染,快速将苦参凝集素蛋白基因(SFL)成功转入水稻。【结果】对大量T0代转化种子进行除草剂抗性筛选、氯酚红和PCR检测,获得一批转基因阳性苗,证明外源基因已整合到水稻基因组中;经苗期喷雾接种和田间人工诱发鉴定,与非转基因对照相比,最终筛选出抗性明显增强的转SFL基因水稻材料,证明SFL基因在水稻中得到表达。【结论】本研究为水稻及其它作物的基因转化提供了一条快速、有效的新途径,同时也为SFL基因的功能研究及抗稻瘟病水稻新品种的培育奠定了基础。

菌肥有机肥无机肥配施对灯盏花生长和有效成分的影响

中草药安全、高效、稳定的产量和有效成分是药用植物栽培的基本目标。以灯盏花为研究对象,研究有机肥、无机肥、微生物肥配施条件下灯盏花生物量和有效成分含量的变化,为灯盏花的高产、优质和合理施肥提供理论依据。试验采用完全随机区组设计,施肥模式有5种:不施任何肥料对照(CK)、菌肥与无机肥配施(处理1)、无机肥(处理2)、菌肥与有机肥配施(处理3)、有机肥(处理4)。试验研究了不同施肥处理下灯盏花出苗率、株高、叶片数、叶面积、SPAD值、鲜重、干重、灯盏乙素、总黄酮量的变化。结果显示:灯盏花种子细小,施肥有利于提高出苗率,与单施肥料相比,菌肥与有机肥配施(处理3)和菌肥与无机肥配施(处理1),提供了相对恒定的温度和消毒作用,种子萌发率较高。处理3和处理4的SPAD值虽然与处理1和处理2相比较低,但过高的SPAD会使灯盏花对光强发生趋异适应,可以预计处理3的植株所含的叶绿素值更接近其居群原生环境光照条件下所需的SPAD值。不同处理对鲜重、干重、有效成分的影响表现为处理3>处理4>处理1>处理2>对照(CK),说明有机肥对于灯盏花的初生代谢和次生代谢有重要作用,而菌肥的添加对有机肥的肥效起放大作用,或通过微生物的活动促进了矿质养分的活化,增强了植物对养分的利用率。

Identifying Scale-location Specific Control on Vegetation Distribution in Mountain-hill Region

The scale-location specific control on vegetation distribution was investigated through continuous wavelet transforms approaches in subtropical mountain-hill region, Fujian, China. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated as an indicator of vegetation greenness using Chinese Environmental Disaster Reduction Satellite images along latitudinal and longitudinal transects. Four scales of variations were identified from the local wavelet spectrum of NDVI, with much stronger wavelet variances observed at larger scales. The characteristic scale of vegetation distribution within mountainous and hilly regions in Southeast China was around 20 km. Significantly strong wavelet coherency was generally examined in regions with very diverse topography, typically characterized as small mountains and hills fractured by rivers and residents. The continuous wavelet based approaches provided valuable insight on the hierarchical structure and its corresponding characteristic scales of ecosystems, which might be applied in defining proper levels in multilevel models and optimal bandwidths in Geographically Weighted Regression.

Genetic Diversity of Wild Rice Species in Yunnan Province of China

Yunnan Province of China is one of the important centers for origin and evolution of cultivated rice worldwide. Wild rice is the ancestor of the cultivated rice. Many elite traits of wild rice have widened the genetic basis in cultivated rice. However, many populations of wild rice species have disappeared in the past few years. Therefore, the current status of wild rice resources should be updated and the genetic diversity of wild rice species should be examined for further germplasm preservation and utilization. Our investigations showed that the number of natural wild rice populations declined sharply in Yunnan Province during the past few years due to various reasons. Fortunately, one population of Oryza rufipogon, three of O officinalis and ten of O. granulata have been newly found in different ecological sites, which were confirmed by inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR） marker analysis in this study. ISSR analysis and investigation of some important traits of nutritional values indicated that the genetic diversity of the currently existing wild rice resources in Yunnan is still rich. The demonstration of genetic diversity of wild rice by a combined use of geographical distribution, morphological traits, nutrition contents and ISSR markers would be helpful for the conservation and exploration of these important wild rice resources.

低阻力湍流促进器设计与流动特性分析

设计了一种梯形截面的新型螺旋型湍流促进器,分析了速度、湍动能、湍流耗散率、压力、壁面剪切力等物理量的指标变化以及在流场中的分布状态,结合数值模拟分析法探索螺旋型湍流促进器强化传质过程的作用机理,并与传统半圆形截面螺旋型湍流促进器的流体动力学性能和能耗进行了对比。研究表明,梯形截面螺旋型湍流促进器流场的最大速度为1.44 m/s,湍动能平均值为0.023 K,壁面剪切力平均值为9.55 Pa,轴向压力降与壁面剪切力的比值为165;半圆形截面螺旋型湍流促进器流场的最大速度为1.17 m/s,湍动能平均值为0.02 K,壁面剪切力平均值为7.35 Pa,轴向压力降与壁面剪切力的比值为155;梯形截面的螺旋型湍流促进器流场的流体动力学性能要优于半圆形截面螺旋型湍流促进器,且压力降与壁面剪切力相比增加幅度较小,即相对阻力更小,在满足强化传质要求的同时消耗更少的能量。