Cyantraniliprole is a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide with significant efficacy against Bemisia tabaci,an important pest insect worldwide.In this study,we conducted reversion and selection work and genetic analy...Cyantraniliprole is a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide with significant efficacy against Bemisia tabaci,an important pest insect worldwide.In this study,we conducted reversion and selection work and genetic analysis,and determined cross-resistance spectrum and synergism of cyantraniliprole resistance based on the reported population,SX population,of B.tabaci collected from Shanxi Province,China.Compared with a susceptible strain(MED-S),SX population,the field-evolved cyantraniliprole-resistant population exhibited 26.4-fold higher resistance to cyantraniliprole.In SX,a sharp decline of cyantraniliprole resistance was shown in the absence of selection.Another tested strain,SX-R,was established from SX population after successive selection with cyantraniliprole and recently developed 138.4-fold high resistance to cyantraniliprole.SX-R had no cross-resistance to abamectin,imidacloprid,thiamethoxam,sulfoxaflor,or bifenthrin.Genetic analysis illustrated that cyantraniliprole resistance in SX-R was autosomally inherited and incompletely dominant.Additionally,piperonyl butoxide(PBO)significantly inhibited cyantraniliprole resistance in the SX-R strain.In conclusion,the selection of SX with cyantraniliprole led to high resistance to cyantraniliprole which is incompletely dominant and no cross-resistance to several common types of insecticides.Enhanced oxidative metabolism is possibly involved in the resistance of SX-R,yet target-site resistance could not be excluded.展开更多
An experiment was carried out to investigate the relative bioavailability of tribasic zinc（Zn） sulfate relative to Zn sulfate for broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet. A total of 504 1-d-old Arbor Acre...An experiment was carried out to investigate the relative bioavailability of tribasic zinc（Zn） sulfate relative to Zn sulfate for broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet. A total of 504 1-d-old Arbor Acres commercial male chicks were randomly assigned by body weight of birds to one of seven treatments involving a 2×3 factorial arrangement with three levels of added Zn（30, 60, or 90 mg of Zn kg–1） and two Zn sources（tribasic Zn sulfate and Zn sulfate） plus a control with no added Zn for an experimental phase of 14 d. Plasma Zn, tibia ash Zn, pancreas Zn, and pancreas metallothionein（MT） messenger RNA（m RNA） were analyzed at 6 or 14 d of age post-hatching. The results showed that plasma Zn, tibia ash Zn, pancreas Zn, and pancreas MT m RNA increased linearly（P〈0.002） as dietary Zn concentration increased at 6 or 14 d of age. The R2 for a linear model was greater on d 6 than on d 14 for the above 4 responsive criteria, and among these indices, the fitting of the tibia ash Zn concentration was the best（R2=0.99）. Therefore, based on slope ratios from the multiple linear regressions of the above 4 indices of the birds at 6 d of age on daily intake of dietary Zn, the bioavailabilities of tribasic Zn sulfate relative to Zn sulfate（100%） were 95.6%（P=0.18）, 83.5%（P=0.01）, 87.9%（P=0.53）, and 75.9%（P=0.38） for the tibia ash Zn, pancreas Zn, plasma Zn, and pancreas MT m RNA, respectively. The results indicated that generally, Zn from tribasic Zn sulfate was as available as Zn from Zn sulfate for broilers.展开更多
网约车合乘出行可有效提高车辆运输效率,与常规网约车出行相比具有显著的碳减排潜力。然而,现实中网约车合乘出行能否真正减少碳排放受多方面因素影响,往往存在较大差异与不确定性。为识别碳减排潜力较大的网约车合乘订单,提出一种基于...网约车合乘出行可有效提高车辆运输效率,与常规网约车出行相比具有显著的碳减排潜力。然而,现实中网约车合乘出行能否真正减少碳排放受多方面因素影响,往往存在较大差异与不确定性。为识别碳减排潜力较大的网约车合乘订单,提出一种基于机器学习的网约车合乘出行碳减排状态预测模型,并解析其碳减排机理。首先,基于成都市真实的网约车合乘订单与轨迹数据,应用COPERT(COmputer Program to calculate Emissions from Road Transport)排放模型分别计算合乘出行碳排放量及其替代的独乘出行碳排放量,进而得到合乘出行相比独乘出行的碳减排量。然后,基于历史的合乘行程碳减排及其订单特征数据,训练XGBoost(eXtreme Gradient Boosting)模型以预测未来潜在合乘出行的碳减排状态。最后,采用ALE(Accumulated Local Effects)分析方法对预测模型进行特征变量解析,以识别影响合乘出行碳减排状态的关键因素。结果显示:研究区域内平均每次网约车合乘出行可减少碳排放307.23 g,但仍有15%的网约车合乘行程未能实现减碳;XGBoost模型可以有效预测网约车合乘出行的碳减排状态,并识别出绕路率、合乘数、重叠率是决定网约车合乘出行碳减排状态的三大关键指标。研究结论可为网约车平台优化合乘订单匹配算法提供理论依据,以实现更高效、更低碳的合乘出行,进一步提高网约车合乘的环境效益。展开更多
基金partly supported by research grants from the Scientific and Technological Innovation Capacity Construction Special Funds of the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, China (KJCX20180705)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31601635)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, China (SKL2018007)the Program on Application Basic Research Project of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, China (2016AG004)
文摘Cyantraniliprole is a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide with significant efficacy against Bemisia tabaci,an important pest insect worldwide.In this study,we conducted reversion and selection work and genetic analysis,and determined cross-resistance spectrum and synergism of cyantraniliprole resistance based on the reported population,SX population,of B.tabaci collected from Shanxi Province,China.Compared with a susceptible strain(MED-S),SX population,the field-evolved cyantraniliprole-resistant population exhibited 26.4-fold higher resistance to cyantraniliprole.In SX,a sharp decline of cyantraniliprole resistance was shown in the absence of selection.Another tested strain,SX-R,was established from SX population after successive selection with cyantraniliprole and recently developed 138.4-fold high resistance to cyantraniliprole.SX-R had no cross-resistance to abamectin,imidacloprid,thiamethoxam,sulfoxaflor,or bifenthrin.Genetic analysis illustrated that cyantraniliprole resistance in SX-R was autosomally inherited and incompletely dominant.Additionally,piperonyl butoxide(PBO)significantly inhibited cyantraniliprole resistance in the SX-R strain.In conclusion,the selection of SX with cyantraniliprole led to high resistance to cyantraniliprole which is incompletely dominant and no cross-resistance to several common types of insecticides.Enhanced oxidative metabolism is possibly involved in the resistance of SX-R,yet target-site resistance could not be excluded.
基金support of Changsha Xingjia Bioengineering Co., Ltd.,Chinathe Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program, China (ASTIPIAS08)the China Agriculture Research System, China (CARS-42)
文摘An experiment was carried out to investigate the relative bioavailability of tribasic zinc（Zn） sulfate relative to Zn sulfate for broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet. A total of 504 1-d-old Arbor Acres commercial male chicks were randomly assigned by body weight of birds to one of seven treatments involving a 2×3 factorial arrangement with three levels of added Zn（30, 60, or 90 mg of Zn kg–1） and two Zn sources（tribasic Zn sulfate and Zn sulfate） plus a control with no added Zn for an experimental phase of 14 d. Plasma Zn, tibia ash Zn, pancreas Zn, and pancreas metallothionein（MT） messenger RNA（m RNA） were analyzed at 6 or 14 d of age post-hatching. The results showed that plasma Zn, tibia ash Zn, pancreas Zn, and pancreas MT m RNA increased linearly（P〈0.002） as dietary Zn concentration increased at 6 or 14 d of age. The R2 for a linear model was greater on d 6 than on d 14 for the above 4 responsive criteria, and among these indices, the fitting of the tibia ash Zn concentration was the best（R2=0.99）. Therefore, based on slope ratios from the multiple linear regressions of the above 4 indices of the birds at 6 d of age on daily intake of dietary Zn, the bioavailabilities of tribasic Zn sulfate relative to Zn sulfate（100%） were 95.6%（P=0.18）, 83.5%（P=0.01）, 87.9%（P=0.53）, and 75.9%（P=0.38） for the tibia ash Zn, pancreas Zn, plasma Zn, and pancreas MT m RNA, respectively. The results indicated that generally, Zn from tribasic Zn sulfate was as available as Zn from Zn sulfate for broilers.
文摘网约车合乘出行可有效提高车辆运输效率,与常规网约车出行相比具有显著的碳减排潜力。然而,现实中网约车合乘出行能否真正减少碳排放受多方面因素影响,往往存在较大差异与不确定性。为识别碳减排潜力较大的网约车合乘订单,提出一种基于机器学习的网约车合乘出行碳减排状态预测模型,并解析其碳减排机理。首先,基于成都市真实的网约车合乘订单与轨迹数据,应用COPERT(COmputer Program to calculate Emissions from Road Transport)排放模型分别计算合乘出行碳排放量及其替代的独乘出行碳排放量,进而得到合乘出行相比独乘出行的碳减排量。然后,基于历史的合乘行程碳减排及其订单特征数据,训练XGBoost(eXtreme Gradient Boosting)模型以预测未来潜在合乘出行的碳减排状态。最后,采用ALE(Accumulated Local Effects)分析方法对预测模型进行特征变量解析,以识别影响合乘出行碳减排状态的关键因素。结果显示:研究区域内平均每次网约车合乘出行可减少碳排放307.23 g,但仍有15%的网约车合乘行程未能实现减碳;XGBoost模型可以有效预测网约车合乘出行的碳减排状态,并识别出绕路率、合乘数、重叠率是决定网约车合乘出行碳减排状态的三大关键指标。研究结论可为网约车平台优化合乘订单匹配算法提供理论依据,以实现更高效、更低碳的合乘出行,进一步提高网约车合乘的环境效益。
