The Grain-for-Green Policy in China could not only improve China's ecological quality, but also influence grain supplies for a short term. Based on data from the detailed nationwide land use survey in 1996 and the...The Grain-for-Green Policy in China could not only improve China's ecological quality, but also influence grain supplies for a short term. Based on data from the detailed nationwide land use survey in 1996 and the steep cultivated land survey update in 2000, a regression model for the driving forces affecting steep cultivated lands was developed, and cluster analysis was used to identify seven steep cultivated land types in order to analyze the grain availability impact of the project with land usage estimates for 2010 and 2030. The results suggested that consecutive days with minimum daily temperature over 10℃ and the dominant slope in a county constrained the spatial distribution of steep cultivated lands. In terms of socioeconomic factors, steep cultivated land was a complex interaction of population size, gross domestic production level, and the richness and quality of cultivated lands having slopes less than 15°. The trends for steep cultivated land in 2010 and 2030 were forecast using a driving forces model and China's grain security criteria and showed that the Grain-for-Green Policy at the national level would not cause a grain shortage or threaten food security criteria. However, if steep sloped lands were to be retired from production, some regions would need grain supplements as early as 2010. Also, assuming that only 60% of the cultivated land at the national level was needed, population and economic development pressures in 2030 would require some steep cultivated lands to be used for grain production.展开更多
收集2017年1月1日~2019年12月31日全院所发生的抗菌药物引起的不良反应,并进行统计分析,进一步了解ADR(Adverse drug reaction)的发生状况,以便为患者临床安全用药提供参考。采用回顾性研究的方法,分别对全院395份抗菌药物ADR报告中患...收集2017年1月1日~2019年12月31日全院所发生的抗菌药物引起的不良反应,并进行统计分析,进一步了解ADR(Adverse drug reaction)的发生状况,以便为患者临床安全用药提供参考。采用回顾性研究的方法,分别对全院395份抗菌药物ADR报告中患者年龄及性别、ADR发生时间、给药途径、引起ADR的抗菌药物种类、ADR累及器官/系统及临床表现、ADR分布类型及转归、严重ADR及引起的抗菌药物、上报来源评价等因素进行统计分析。全院1185例怀疑药品ADR中,抗菌药物引起的共395例,占所有ADR报告的33.33%。其中男性219例(55.44%),女性176例(44.56%)。ADR多发生于用药第1 d,最长可达用药11 d后发生。在395例报告中涉及的给药途径为4种,分别为静脉滴注381例(96.45%)、静脉注射3例(0.76%)、口服给药6例(1.52%)和外用3例(1.27%)。引发ADR的抗菌药物种类涉及10个大类,分别为青霉素类(31.64%)、头孢菌素类(39.49%)、喹诺酮类(14.94%)、大环内酯类(2.53%)、氨基糖苷类(2.03%)、林可霉素类(1.52%)、糖肽类(1.27%)、碳青霉烯类(1.01%)、抗真菌药类(2.03%)、其它(3.54%)。ADR报告中主要累及器官或系统为皮肤及其附件(71.56%)、消化系统(8.63%)。严重的不良反应有24例,其中8例为新的严重的ADR。从转归来看,在停药及对症治疗后,痊愈的有380例(96.20%),好转的有15例(3.80%)。根据ADR因果关系标准进行判断,"肯定"11例,"很可能"351例,"可能"30例;"可能无关"3例。ADR上报来源护理人员178例(占45.06%),临床医生上报121例(占30.63%),临床药师上报96例(占24.31%)。临床医师在治疗患者过程中应严格遵循2015版《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》要求,严格掌握抗菌药物的使用指征。明确有感染时,应严格按照诊疗规范及指南,合理选用抗菌药物,控制抗菌药物的使用剂量(如老年患者、肾功能不全者等)、疗程(如哌拉西林他唑巴坦、头孢唑肟钠等),避免超适应症和超剂量用药、不必要的联合用药等,同时应充分重视ADR的发生,临床医师、护士与临床药师紧密合作保证患者应用抗菌药物安全、有效。展开更多
基金Project supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Teams in University (PCSIRT), China (No. IRT0412) and the Ministry of Land and Resources, China (No. 2003-2.2-2).
文摘The Grain-for-Green Policy in China could not only improve China's ecological quality, but also influence grain supplies for a short term. Based on data from the detailed nationwide land use survey in 1996 and the steep cultivated land survey update in 2000, a regression model for the driving forces affecting steep cultivated lands was developed, and cluster analysis was used to identify seven steep cultivated land types in order to analyze the grain availability impact of the project with land usage estimates for 2010 and 2030. The results suggested that consecutive days with minimum daily temperature over 10℃ and the dominant slope in a county constrained the spatial distribution of steep cultivated lands. In terms of socioeconomic factors, steep cultivated land was a complex interaction of population size, gross domestic production level, and the richness and quality of cultivated lands having slopes less than 15°. The trends for steep cultivated land in 2010 and 2030 were forecast using a driving forces model and China's grain security criteria and showed that the Grain-for-Green Policy at the national level would not cause a grain shortage or threaten food security criteria. However, if steep sloped lands were to be retired from production, some regions would need grain supplements as early as 2010. Also, assuming that only 60% of the cultivated land at the national level was needed, population and economic development pressures in 2030 would require some steep cultivated lands to be used for grain production.
文摘银屑病是一种常见的慢性炎症性皮肤病,白介素(Interleukin,IL)-23/IL-17细胞因子轴在银屑病的发生发展中起着核心作用。传统的治疗方法可缓解银屑病皮损,但治疗后极易在原皮损消退部位复发。组织常驻记忆T细胞(tissue resident memory T cells,T_(RM))是记忆性T细胞中的重要亚群,研究表明,T_(RM)细胞在银屑病发病中发挥重要作用。本文就T_(RM)细胞在银屑病发病中的作用研究进展进行综述,针对T_(RM)的治疗有望为银屑病提供新的治疗方向。
文摘收集2017年1月1日~2019年12月31日全院所发生的抗菌药物引起的不良反应,并进行统计分析,进一步了解ADR(Adverse drug reaction)的发生状况,以便为患者临床安全用药提供参考。采用回顾性研究的方法,分别对全院395份抗菌药物ADR报告中患者年龄及性别、ADR发生时间、给药途径、引起ADR的抗菌药物种类、ADR累及器官/系统及临床表现、ADR分布类型及转归、严重ADR及引起的抗菌药物、上报来源评价等因素进行统计分析。全院1185例怀疑药品ADR中,抗菌药物引起的共395例,占所有ADR报告的33.33%。其中男性219例(55.44%),女性176例(44.56%)。ADR多发生于用药第1 d,最长可达用药11 d后发生。在395例报告中涉及的给药途径为4种,分别为静脉滴注381例(96.45%)、静脉注射3例(0.76%)、口服给药6例(1.52%)和外用3例(1.27%)。引发ADR的抗菌药物种类涉及10个大类,分别为青霉素类(31.64%)、头孢菌素类(39.49%)、喹诺酮类(14.94%)、大环内酯类(2.53%)、氨基糖苷类(2.03%)、林可霉素类(1.52%)、糖肽类(1.27%)、碳青霉烯类(1.01%)、抗真菌药类(2.03%)、其它(3.54%)。ADR报告中主要累及器官或系统为皮肤及其附件(71.56%)、消化系统(8.63%)。严重的不良反应有24例,其中8例为新的严重的ADR。从转归来看,在停药及对症治疗后,痊愈的有380例(96.20%),好转的有15例(3.80%)。根据ADR因果关系标准进行判断,"肯定"11例,"很可能"351例,"可能"30例;"可能无关"3例。ADR上报来源护理人员178例(占45.06%),临床医生上报121例(占30.63%),临床药师上报96例(占24.31%)。临床医师在治疗患者过程中应严格遵循2015版《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》要求,严格掌握抗菌药物的使用指征。明确有感染时,应严格按照诊疗规范及指南,合理选用抗菌药物,控制抗菌药物的使用剂量(如老年患者、肾功能不全者等)、疗程(如哌拉西林他唑巴坦、头孢唑肟钠等),避免超适应症和超剂量用药、不必要的联合用药等,同时应充分重视ADR的发生,临床医师、护士与临床药师紧密合作保证患者应用抗菌药物安全、有效。
