Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus（Selenka）, is a commercially important marine species in China. Among the differently colored varieties sold in China, white and purple sea cucumbers have the greatest appeal to c...Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus（Selenka）, is a commercially important marine species in China. Among the differently colored varieties sold in China, white and purple sea cucumbers have the greatest appeal to consumers. Identification of the pigments that may contribute to the formation of different color morphs of sea cucumbers will provide a scientific basis for improving the cultivability of desirable color morphs. In this study,sea cucumbers were divided into four categories according to their body color： white, light green, dark green, and purple. The pigment composition and contents in the four groups were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. The results show that the pigment contents differed significantly among the white, lightgreen, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers, and there were fewer types of pigments in white sea cucumber than in the other color morphs. The only pigments detected in white sea cucumbers were guanine and pteroic acid.Guanine and pteroic acid are structural colors, and they were also detected in light-green, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers. Every pigment detected, except for pteroic acid, was present at a higher concentration in purple morphs than in the other color morphs. The biological color pigments melanin, astaxanthin, β-carotene, and lutein were detected in light-green, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers. While progesterone and lycopene,which are also biological color pigments, were not detected in any of the color morphs. Melanin was the major pigment contributing to body color, and its concentration increased with deepening color of the sea cucumber body. Transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that white sea cucumbers had the fewest epidermal melanocytes in the body wall, and their melanocytes contained fewer melanosomes as well as non-pigmented pre-melanosomes. Sea cucumbers with deeper body colors contained more melanin granules. In the body wall of dark-green and purple sea cucumbers, melanin granules were secreted out of the cell. The results of this study provide evidence for the main factors responsible for differences in coloration among white, light-green, darkgreen, and purple sea cucumbers, and also provide the foundation for further research on the formation of body color in sea cucumber, A. japonicus.展开更多
SSC-Linac[1] as the injector for the Separated Sector Cyclotron (SSC), is being constructed at national labo-ratory Heavy Ion Research Facility at Lanzhou (HIRFL). The injection and extraction energy are 3.7 keV/u and...SSC-Linac[1] as the injector for the Separated Sector Cyclotron (SSC), is being constructed at national labo-ratory Heavy Ion Research Facility at Lanzhou (HIRFL). The injection and extraction energy are 3.7 keV/u and1.025 MeV/u, respectively. Fig. 1 shows the front end section of the SSC-Linac. The high charges state continuswave (CW) 4-rod RFQ has been designed and fabricated for some years. From the end of 2013, the commissioningof the RFQ was performed and the beam test was carried out in April 2014. In this paper the experiment resultwill be presented.展开更多
The construction of the SSC-Linac has made significant progress in 2019.The first beam commissioning of SSC-Linac as an injector of the Separated Sector Cyclotron(SSC)was performed succssfully with ^(40)Ar^(7+) beam a...The construction of the SSC-Linac has made significant progress in 2019.The first beam commissioning of SSC-Linac as an injector of the Separated Sector Cyclotron(SSC)was performed succssfully with ^(40)Ar^(7+) beam and the particle energy of 5.98 MeV/u was obtained at the exit of SSC on December 17,2019.展开更多
Laser cooling of relativistic heavy ion beams at storage rings is one of the most promising techniques to reach high phase-space densities and achieve a phase transition,an ordered beam,or even a crystalline beam.Comp...Laser cooling of relativistic heavy ion beams at storage rings is one of the most promising techniques to reach high phase-space densities and achieve a phase transition,an ordered beam,or even a crystalline beam.Compared with the established cooling schemes at storage rings,such as electron cooling and stochastic cooling,laser cooling rate is expected to be much higher and laser-cooled ion beams could reach ultra-low temperatures(~mK).The preparation of laser cooling of 280 MeV/u 16O^5+ion beams at the experimental cooler storage ring CSRe is in progress at the Institute of Modern Physics[1],Chinese Academy of Sciences.展开更多
基金The Agricultural Seed Project of Shandong Province
文摘Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus（Selenka）, is a commercially important marine species in China. Among the differently colored varieties sold in China, white and purple sea cucumbers have the greatest appeal to consumers. Identification of the pigments that may contribute to the formation of different color morphs of sea cucumbers will provide a scientific basis for improving the cultivability of desirable color morphs. In this study,sea cucumbers were divided into four categories according to their body color： white, light green, dark green, and purple. The pigment composition and contents in the four groups were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. The results show that the pigment contents differed significantly among the white, lightgreen, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers, and there were fewer types of pigments in white sea cucumber than in the other color morphs. The only pigments detected in white sea cucumbers were guanine and pteroic acid.Guanine and pteroic acid are structural colors, and they were also detected in light-green, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers. Every pigment detected, except for pteroic acid, was present at a higher concentration in purple morphs than in the other color morphs. The biological color pigments melanin, astaxanthin, β-carotene, and lutein were detected in light-green, dark-green, and purple sea cucumbers. While progesterone and lycopene,which are also biological color pigments, were not detected in any of the color morphs. Melanin was the major pigment contributing to body color, and its concentration increased with deepening color of the sea cucumber body. Transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that white sea cucumbers had the fewest epidermal melanocytes in the body wall, and their melanocytes contained fewer melanosomes as well as non-pigmented pre-melanosomes. Sea cucumbers with deeper body colors contained more melanin granules. In the body wall of dark-green and purple sea cucumbers, melanin granules were secreted out of the cell. The results of this study provide evidence for the main factors responsible for differences in coloration among white, light-green, darkgreen, and purple sea cucumbers, and also provide the foundation for further research on the formation of body color in sea cucumber, A. japonicus.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (10635090, 11375243)
文摘SSC-Linac[1] as the injector for the Separated Sector Cyclotron (SSC), is being constructed at national labo-ratory Heavy Ion Research Facility at Lanzhou (HIRFL). The injection and extraction energy are 3.7 keV/u and1.025 MeV/u, respectively. Fig. 1 shows the front end section of the SSC-Linac. The high charges state continuswave (CW) 4-rod RFQ has been designed and fabricated for some years. From the end of 2013, the commissioningof the RFQ was performed and the beam test was carried out in April 2014. In this paper the experiment resultwill be presented.
文摘The construction of the SSC-Linac has made significant progress in 2019.The first beam commissioning of SSC-Linac as an injector of the Separated Sector Cyclotron(SSC)was performed succssfully with ^(40)Ar^(7+) beam and the particle energy of 5.98 MeV/u was obtained at the exit of SSC on December 17,2019.
基金National Natural Science foundation of China(11504388),Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS and BMBF.
文摘Laser cooling of relativistic heavy ion beams at storage rings is one of the most promising techniques to reach high phase-space densities and achieve a phase transition,an ordered beam,or even a crystalline beam.Compared with the established cooling schemes at storage rings,such as electron cooling and stochastic cooling,laser cooling rate is expected to be much higher and laser-cooled ion beams could reach ultra-low temperatures(~mK).The preparation of laser cooling of 280 MeV/u 16O^5+ion beams at the experimental cooler storage ring CSRe is in progress at the Institute of Modern Physics[1],Chinese Academy of Sciences.
