Soil health is important for the sustainable development of terrestrial ecosystem. In this paper, we studied the relationship between soil quality and soil microbial properties such as soil microbial biomass and soil ...Soil health is important for the sustainable development of terrestrial ecosystem. In this paper, we studied the relationship between soil quality and soil microbial properties such as soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in order to illustrate the function of soil microbial properties as bio-indicators of soil health. In this study, microbial biomass C and N contents （Cmic ＆ Nmic）, soil enzyme activities, and soil fertility with different fertilizer regimes were carried out based on a 15-year long-term fertilizer experiment in Drab Fluvo-aquic soil in Changping County, Beijing, China. At this site, 7 different treatments were established in 1991. They were in a wheat-maize rotation receiving either no fertilizer （CK）, mineral fertilizers （NPK）, mineral fertilizers with wheat straw incorporated （NPKW）, mineral fertilizers with incremental wheat straw incorporated （NPKW＋）, mineral fertilizers plus swine manure （NPKM）, mineral fertilizers plus incremental swine manure （NPKM＋） or mineral fertilizers with maize straw incorporated （NPKS）. In different fertilization treatments Cmic changed from 96.49 to 500.12 mg kg^-1, and Nmic changed from 35.89 to 101.82 mg kg^-1. Compared with CK, the other treatments increased Cmic ＆ Nmic, Cmic/Corg （organic C） ratios, Cmic/Nmic, urease activity, soil organic matter （SOM）, soil total nitrogen （STN）, and soil total phosphorus （STP）. All these properties in treatment with fertilizers input NPKM＋ were the highest. Meantime, long-term combined application of mineral fertilizers with organic manure or crop straw could significantly decrease the soil pH in Fluvo-aquic soil （the pH around 8.00 in this experimental soil）. Some of soil microbial properties （Cmic/Nmic, urease activity） were positively correlated with soil nutrients. Cmic/Nmic was significantly correlated with SOM and STN contents. The correlation between catalase activity and soil nutrients was not significant. In addition, except of catalase activity, the soil pH in this experiment was negatively correlated with soil microbial properties. In conclusion, soil microbial properties reflect changes of soil quality and thus can be used as bio-indicators of soil health.展开更多
Magnesium slag(MS)is one of the main industrial solid wastes produced by the magnesium industry.Solving the problem of its disposal has attracted much attention with increasing amounts of solid wastes generated in the...Magnesium slag(MS)is one of the main industrial solid wastes produced by the magnesium industry.Solving the problem of its disposal has attracted much attention with increasing amounts of solid wastes generated in the production of metallic magnesium.Because MS contains calcium(Ca),magnesium(Mg),and silicon(Si),some have tried to use MS as Si-Ca-Mg fertilizer or for soil amendment in agriculture.However,in the magnesium metallurgical process,some pollutant elements are introduced into MS,resulting in the enrichment of these pollutants in MS,such as arsenic(As),chromium(Cr),cadmium(Cd),mercury(Hg),copper(Cu),nickel(Ni),fluorine(F)and chlorine(CI).Research indicates that the enrichment of these pollutants can result in high levels,especially for Cd,Hg,Cu,Ni,F and CI(0-4,0-0.74,20-127,100-170,2277-14800 and 133-1000 mg kg1,respectively)in some MS in China.These levels are often far beyond the limits(S0.3,s0.5,≤50 and≤60 mg·kg-1 for Cd,Hg,Cu and Ni,respectively)of the Chinese Risk Screening Values for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land based on the Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land(GB 15618-2018)or the critical reference values(<800 and≤200 for F and CI,respectively).The elements Hg,Cu,Cr and F(detected in MS leachate at 0.00023--0.0052,0.043--3.89,0.026-0.171,and 1.43-8.52 mg·L-1,respectively)also exceed the limits(Class IV-V)of the Chinese Standard for Groundwater Quality(GB/T 14848-2017).Based on the above results,it is suggested that without any pretreatment for reducing harmful pollutants MS should not be allowed to be applied for soil remediation or conditioning directly into farmlands in order to ensure soil health,food safety and environmental quality.展开更多
In recent years,some reports,mainly from Chinese research,show that there has been an increasing trend in the use of ammonia-soda residue(ASR)(or called ammonia-soda white mud) as a soil conditioner in farmlands.Up to...In recent years,some reports,mainly from Chinese research,show that there has been an increasing trend in the use of ammonia-soda residue(ASR)(or called ammonia-soda white mud) as a soil conditioner in farmlands.Up to now,the studies on ASR have focused on its utilization for acid soil amendment in agriculture,but few studies have assessed its environmental risk.ASR contains pollutant elements such as mercury(Hg),cadmium(Cd),copper(Cu) and fluorine(F) and the purpose of this study was to review research on the environmental impacts of ASR application in agriculture.Observations obtained from 23 research reports indicate that the concentrations of Hg,Cd,Cu,F and Cl(0-170,0.01-2.8,4.5-200,2000-24700 and 1 600-188 000 mg kg^-1,respectively) in ASR may exceed the limits(≤0.5,≤0.3 and ≤50 mg kg^-1 for Hg,Cd and Cu,respectively) of Chinese Risk Screening Values for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land(GB 15618-2018 2018) or the refereed critical value(≤800 and ≤200 mg kg^-1 for F and Cl,respectively) based on Chinese research.The concentrations of the elements Hg,Cd,Cu,F and Cl in the leachate of ASR detected by the extraction tests also exceed the limits(Class IV-V) of the Chinese Standard for Groundwater Quality(GB/T 14848-2017 2017).Based on the above results,it is suggested that ASR without any pretreatment for reducing harmful pollutants should not be used for soil remediation or conditioning of farmlands,to ensure soil health,food safety and environmental quality.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30471012)the 973 Priority Fund under the auspices of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China(2001CCB00800,2003CCB00300)+1 种基金the Special Fund for the Chinese State-Level Academy's Scientific Research(2007-37)the Fund for the Elitist of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS).
文摘Soil health is important for the sustainable development of terrestrial ecosystem. In this paper, we studied the relationship between soil quality and soil microbial properties such as soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in order to illustrate the function of soil microbial properties as bio-indicators of soil health. In this study, microbial biomass C and N contents （Cmic ＆ Nmic）, soil enzyme activities, and soil fertility with different fertilizer regimes were carried out based on a 15-year long-term fertilizer experiment in Drab Fluvo-aquic soil in Changping County, Beijing, China. At this site, 7 different treatments were established in 1991. They were in a wheat-maize rotation receiving either no fertilizer （CK）, mineral fertilizers （NPK）, mineral fertilizers with wheat straw incorporated （NPKW）, mineral fertilizers with incremental wheat straw incorporated （NPKW＋）, mineral fertilizers plus swine manure （NPKM）, mineral fertilizers plus incremental swine manure （NPKM＋） or mineral fertilizers with maize straw incorporated （NPKS）. In different fertilization treatments Cmic changed from 96.49 to 500.12 mg kg^-1, and Nmic changed from 35.89 to 101.82 mg kg^-1. Compared with CK, the other treatments increased Cmic ＆ Nmic, Cmic/Corg （organic C） ratios, Cmic/Nmic, urease activity, soil organic matter （SOM）, soil total nitrogen （STN）, and soil total phosphorus （STP）. All these properties in treatment with fertilizers input NPKM＋ were the highest. Meantime, long-term combined application of mineral fertilizers with organic manure or crop straw could significantly decrease the soil pH in Fluvo-aquic soil （the pH around 8.00 in this experimental soil）. Some of soil microbial properties （Cmic/Nmic, urease activity） were positively correlated with soil nutrients. Cmic/Nmic was significantly correlated with SOM and STN contents. The correlation between catalase activity and soil nutrients was not significant. In addition, except of catalase activity, the soil pH in this experiment was negatively correlated with soil microbial properties. In conclusion, soil microbial properties reflect changes of soil quality and thus can be used as bio-indicators of soil health.
基金The study is supported by the Special Public Welfare Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(1610132018013)the Special Program for Fertilizer Registration of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China(2130112).
文摘Magnesium slag(MS)is one of the main industrial solid wastes produced by the magnesium industry.Solving the problem of its disposal has attracted much attention with increasing amounts of solid wastes generated in the production of metallic magnesium.Because MS contains calcium(Ca),magnesium(Mg),and silicon(Si),some have tried to use MS as Si-Ca-Mg fertilizer or for soil amendment in agriculture.However,in the magnesium metallurgical process,some pollutant elements are introduced into MS,resulting in the enrichment of these pollutants in MS,such as arsenic(As),chromium(Cr),cadmium(Cd),mercury(Hg),copper(Cu),nickel(Ni),fluorine(F)and chlorine(CI).Research indicates that the enrichment of these pollutants can result in high levels,especially for Cd,Hg,Cu,Ni,F and CI(0-4,0-0.74,20-127,100-170,2277-14800 and 133-1000 mg kg1,respectively)in some MS in China.These levels are often far beyond the limits(S0.3,s0.5,≤50 and≤60 mg·kg-1 for Cd,Hg,Cu and Ni,respectively)of the Chinese Risk Screening Values for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land based on the Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land(GB 15618-2018)or the critical reference values(<800 and≤200 for F and CI,respectively).The elements Hg,Cu,Cr and F(detected in MS leachate at 0.00023--0.0052,0.043--3.89,0.026-0.171,and 1.43-8.52 mg·L-1,respectively)also exceed the limits(Class IV-V)of the Chinese Standard for Groundwater Quality(GB/T 14848-2017).Based on the above results,it is suggested that without any pretreatment for reducing harmful pollutants MS should not be allowed to be applied for soil remediation or conditioning directly into farmlands in order to ensure soil health,food safety and environmental quality.
基金supported by the Special Program for Fertilizer Registration of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China(2130112)
文摘In recent years,some reports,mainly from Chinese research,show that there has been an increasing trend in the use of ammonia-soda residue(ASR)(or called ammonia-soda white mud) as a soil conditioner in farmlands.Up to now,the studies on ASR have focused on its utilization for acid soil amendment in agriculture,but few studies have assessed its environmental risk.ASR contains pollutant elements such as mercury(Hg),cadmium(Cd),copper(Cu) and fluorine(F) and the purpose of this study was to review research on the environmental impacts of ASR application in agriculture.Observations obtained from 23 research reports indicate that the concentrations of Hg,Cd,Cu,F and Cl(0-170,0.01-2.8,4.5-200,2000-24700 and 1 600-188 000 mg kg^-1,respectively) in ASR may exceed the limits(≤0.5,≤0.3 and ≤50 mg kg^-1 for Hg,Cd and Cu,respectively) of Chinese Risk Screening Values for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land(GB 15618-2018 2018) or the refereed critical value(≤800 and ≤200 mg kg^-1 for F and Cl,respectively) based on Chinese research.The concentrations of the elements Hg,Cd,Cu,F and Cl in the leachate of ASR detected by the extraction tests also exceed the limits(Class IV-V) of the Chinese Standard for Groundwater Quality(GB/T 14848-2017 2017).Based on the above results,it is suggested that ASR without any pretreatment for reducing harmful pollutants should not be used for soil remediation or conditioning of farmlands,to ensure soil health,food safety and environmental quality.
