Climate change resulted in changes in crop growth duration and planting structure,northward movement of planting region,and more severe plant diseases and insect pests in Northwest China.It caused earlier seeding for ...Climate change resulted in changes in crop growth duration and planting structure,northward movement of planting region,and more severe plant diseases and insect pests in Northwest China.It caused earlier seeding for spring crop,later seeding for autumn crop,accelerated crop growth,and reduced mortality for winter crop.To adapt to climate change,measures such as optimization of agricultural arrangement,adjustment of planting structure,expansion of thermophilic crops,and development of water-saving agriculture have been taken.Damaging consequences of imbalance between grassland and livestock were enhanced.The deterioration trend of grassland was intensified;both grass quantity and quality declined.With overgrazing,proportions of inferior grass,weeds and poisonous weeds increased in plateau pastoral areas.Returning farmland to grazing,returning grazing to grassland,fence enclosure and artificial grassland construction have been implemented to restore the grassland vegetation,to increase the grassland coverage,to reasonably control the livestock carrying capacity,to prevent overgrazing,to keep balance between grassland and livestock,and to develop the ecological animal husbandry.In Northwest China,because the amount of regional water resources had an overall decreasing trend,there was a continuous expansion in the regional land desertification,and soil erosion was very serious.A series of measures,such as development of artificial precipitation(snow),water resources control,regional water diversion,water storage project and so on,were used effectively to respond to water deficit.It had played a certain role in controlling soil erosion by natural forest protection and returning farmland to forest and grassland.In the early21st century,noticeable achievements had been made in prevention and control of desertification in Northwest China.The regional ecological environment has been improved obviously,and the desertification trend has shown sign of under control.展开更多
Four aryl-guanidines（AG） were synthesized and used for the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction to test the catalytic activity.In the presence of steric bulk AG,when aryl bromide and arylboronic acid w...Four aryl-guanidines（AG） were synthesized and used for the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction to test the catalytic activity.In the presence of steric bulk AG,when aryl bromide and arylboronic acid were used as the reactants,the Suzuki reaction could be carried out smoothly at room temperature in aqueous solvent to afford the cross-coupling product in high yield.This catalysis system was also successful for the coupling of activated aryl chlorides at room temperature.展开更多
In-situ angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction measurements on three samples of Gr14An84,Gr34An64 and Gr63An34 were performed by using a diamond anvil cell instrument with synchrotron radiation at the Beijing Synchrotron ...In-situ angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction measurements on three samples of Gr14An84,Gr34An64 and Gr63An34 were performed by using a diamond anvil cell instrument with synchrotron radiation at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility at up to 13.7 GPa.A least−square fit of the pressure-volume to the Birch–Murnaghan equation of state,when fixed K'0=4.0 yields bulk modulus values of K0=166±2,168±3,173±2 GPa for Gr_(14)An_(84),Gr_(34)An_(64 )and Gr_(63)An_(34),respectively.The bulk modulus increases from 166±2 GPa for Gr_(14)An_(84) and to 173±2 GPa for Gr_(63)An_(34) with the increasing An content.Furthermore,by linear interpolation,the bulk modulus of the Gr−An binary system as a function of An content can be expressed as K0(GPa)=176.9(9)−0.12(1)XAn(R^(2)=0.987).展开更多
The changes of the proteome in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves were examined by specialist Plutella xylostella.Analysis of about 1100 protein spots on each 2DE gel revealed 38 differentially expressed protein spots in abu...The changes of the proteome in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves were examined by specialist Plutella xylostella.Analysis of about 1100 protein spots on each 2DE gel revealed 38 differentially expressed protein spots in abun-dance of which 34 proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS.Among the insect feeding responsive proteins,a few proteins involved in carbon metabolism were identified including proteins associated with the Calvin cycle in the chloroplast and TCA cycle in the mitochondria,indicating carbon metabolism related proteins may play crucial roles in induced defense response in plants under insect infestation.The analysis elucidates the subcellular location of proteins demonstrates that about 50% of proteins are in the chloroplast,which shows the chloroplast has a key role in the insect feeding response for plant.Gene expression analysis of 10 different proteins by quantitative real-time PCR shows that four proteins of the mRNA level were correlated well with the protein level.This study further dissected the nature of insect infestation as a stress signal and some novel insect feeding responsive proteins identified may play an important role in induced defence machanism for plant.展开更多
基金supported by the Special Climate Change Research Program of China Meteorological Administration(No.CCSF2010-5)
文摘Climate change resulted in changes in crop growth duration and planting structure,northward movement of planting region,and more severe plant diseases and insect pests in Northwest China.It caused earlier seeding for spring crop,later seeding for autumn crop,accelerated crop growth,and reduced mortality for winter crop.To adapt to climate change,measures such as optimization of agricultural arrangement,adjustment of planting structure,expansion of thermophilic crops,and development of water-saving agriculture have been taken.Damaging consequences of imbalance between grassland and livestock were enhanced.The deterioration trend of grassland was intensified;both grass quantity and quality declined.With overgrazing,proportions of inferior grass,weeds and poisonous weeds increased in plateau pastoral areas.Returning farmland to grazing,returning grazing to grassland,fence enclosure and artificial grassland construction have been implemented to restore the grassland vegetation,to increase the grassland coverage,to reasonably control the livestock carrying capacity,to prevent overgrazing,to keep balance between grassland and livestock,and to develop the ecological animal husbandry.In Northwest China,because the amount of regional water resources had an overall decreasing trend,there was a continuous expansion in the regional land desertification,and soil erosion was very serious.A series of measures,such as development of artificial precipitation(snow),water resources control,regional water diversion,water storage project and so on,were used effectively to respond to water deficit.It had played a certain role in controlling soil erosion by natural forest protection and returning farmland to forest and grassland.In the early21st century,noticeable achievements had been made in prevention and control of desertification in Northwest China.The regional ecological environment has been improved obviously,and the desertification trend has shown sign of under control.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.20802071,21074133)
文摘Four aryl-guanidines（AG） were synthesized and used for the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction to test the catalytic activity.In the presence of steric bulk AG,when aryl bromide and arylboronic acid were used as the reactants,the Suzuki reaction could be carried out smoothly at room temperature in aqueous solvent to afford the cross-coupling product in high yield.This catalysis system was also successful for the coupling of activated aryl chlorides at room temperature.
基金by the Founds for Huge Scientific Equipment of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No 10979053the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 41004035 and 40873052+2 种基金the Guizhou Foundation for Science and Technology under Grant No[2010]2231The experiment was performed at the 4W2 High Pressure Station,Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility(BSRF)The High Pressure Station is supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant Nos KJCX2-SW-N20 and KJCX2-SW-N03.
文摘In-situ angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction measurements on three samples of Gr14An84,Gr34An64 and Gr63An34 were performed by using a diamond anvil cell instrument with synchrotron radiation at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility at up to 13.7 GPa.A least−square fit of the pressure-volume to the Birch–Murnaghan equation of state,when fixed K'0=4.0 yields bulk modulus values of K0=166±2,168±3,173±2 GPa for Gr_(14)An_(84),Gr_(34)An_(64 )and Gr_(63)An_(34),respectively.The bulk modulus increases from 166±2 GPa for Gr_(14)An_(84) and to 173±2 GPa for Gr_(63)An_(34) with the increasing An content.Furthermore,by linear interpolation,the bulk modulus of the Gr−An binary system as a function of An content can be expressed as K0(GPa)=176.9(9)−0.12(1)XAn(R^(2)=0.987).
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province,China(No.20060545)the International Cooperation Project of Changchun City,Jilin Province,China(No.2007GH28)
文摘The changes of the proteome in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves were examined by specialist Plutella xylostella.Analysis of about 1100 protein spots on each 2DE gel revealed 38 differentially expressed protein spots in abun-dance of which 34 proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS.Among the insect feeding responsive proteins,a few proteins involved in carbon metabolism were identified including proteins associated with the Calvin cycle in the chloroplast and TCA cycle in the mitochondria,indicating carbon metabolism related proteins may play crucial roles in induced defense response in plants under insect infestation.The analysis elucidates the subcellular location of proteins demonstrates that about 50% of proteins are in the chloroplast,which shows the chloroplast has a key role in the insect feeding response for plant.Gene expression analysis of 10 different proteins by quantitative real-time PCR shows that four proteins of the mRNA level were correlated well with the protein level.This study further dissected the nature of insect infestation as a stress signal and some novel insect feeding responsive proteins identified may play an important role in induced defence machanism for plant.
