水稻油菜轮作制度是华中地区最具代表性的耕作制度,但水稻收获后的秸秆清理和还田效果会影响后续油菜的播种和收获。利用微生物降解秸秆是解决这一问题的有效途径之一。前期研究发现,粗糙脉孢菌接种至水稻秸秆,培养48 h时秸秆有明显降...水稻油菜轮作制度是华中地区最具代表性的耕作制度,但水稻收获后的秸秆清理和还田效果会影响后续油菜的播种和收获。利用微生物降解秸秆是解决这一问题的有效途径之一。前期研究发现,粗糙脉孢菌接种至水稻秸秆,培养48 h时秸秆有明显降解现象,因此,本研究通过转录组测序技术研究分析比较接种在PDA培养基上和接种在水稻秸秆上培养48 h时粗糙脉孢菌的差异表达基因,以探讨其降解机理。结果表明,两者间共存在3329个显著差异表达基因,GO(gene ontology)功能注释分析发现,这些基因主要富集在生物过程类,表达差异较大的基因主要参于核苷酸代谢、蛋白质代谢及与内膜系统;KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)通路富集分析发现,这些差异表达基因的功能主要涉及半乳糖代谢、果糖和甘露糖代谢、氧化磷酸化、次生代谢产物的生物合成和核糖体,在这些代谢途径中筛选到的与降解秸秆相关的酶系多数为上调表达。在这些代谢途径中,推测粗糙脉孢菌主要通过半乳糖代谢、果糖和甘露糖代谢来降解水稻秸秆。以上研究可为更高效地利用粗糙脉孢菌降解秸秆提供新的理论依据和一定的技术支持。展开更多
甘蓝型油菜(以下简称:油菜)是我国主要食用油料作物,也是一种用地养地、轮作休耕作物。在农业绿色发展理念的推动下,油菜由于具有生物量大、适应性广等特点,其绿肥应用价值突显。由于油菜栽培产业目标的不同,现有主栽油菜品种营养需求...甘蓝型油菜(以下简称:油菜)是我国主要食用油料作物,也是一种用地养地、轮作休耕作物。在农业绿色发展理念的推动下,油菜由于具有生物量大、适应性广等特点,其绿肥应用价值突显。由于油菜栽培产业目标的不同,现有主栽油菜品种营养需求特征决定其需要较高的推荐施肥水平,不能更好实现油菜绿肥应用“小肥换大肥”的产业目标。因此,评价油菜耐低氮胁迫能力、筛选低氮高效油菜种质,可为绿肥应用专用型油菜品种的选育提供材料支撑。本研究以73份油菜种质资源作为供试材料,通过田间试验设置低氮和正常施氮2个处理,以盛花期生物量、植株氮累积量、耐性指数等为指标对供试材料绿肥应用潜力进行综合评价。结果显示,盛花期低氮处理下73份油菜种质单株鲜重变化幅度为29.33~199.33g,变异系数30.0%;油菜单株地上部和根部氮累积量变化幅度分别为48.67~360.43mg和4.21~67.46mg,变异系数分别为31.0%和53.0%。由此可见,盛花期单株鲜重和养分吸收累积能力在供试油菜种质间存在着一定的遗传变异,优选绿肥性状优异的油菜种质资源具有可行性。通过分析不同油菜种质盛花期氮效率综合值和耐性指数可知,73份油菜种质中有25份属于耐低氮型的种质低氮胁迫耐受能力相对较强,17份属于低氮敏感型的种质低氮胁迫耐受能力相对较差。进一步分析发现,耐低氮种质在不同氮处理下单株鲜重、氮累积量及氮吸收效率均显著高于低氮敏感型种质,适宜作为潜在绿肥资源应用,耐低氮油菜种质氮还田量最高可达80.2 kg hm^(-2)。综上,本研究优选的耐低氮种质可作为潜在绿肥专用型油菜资源进行储备和应用,在实际生产中耐低氮油菜作为绿肥应用可适当减少化肥投入,以更好实现绿肥“小肥换大肥”的产业应用目标。展开更多
Nutrient deficiency stresses often occur simultaneously in soil. Thus, it＇s necessary to investigate the mechanisms underlying plant responses to multiple stresses through identification of some key stress-responsive...Nutrient deficiency stresses often occur simultaneously in soil. Thus, it＇s necessary to investigate the mechanisms underlying plant responses to multiple stresses through identification of some key stress-responsive genes. Quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR） is essential for detecting the expression of the interested genes, of which the selection of suitable reference genes is a crucial step before qRT-PCR. To date, reliable reference genes to normalize qRT-PCR data under different nutrient deficiencies have not been reported in plants. In this study, expression of ten candidate reference genes was detected in leaves and roots of rapeseed （Brassica napus L.） after implementing different nutrient deficiencies for 14 days. These candidate genes, included two traditionally used reference genes and eight genes selected from an RNA- Seq dataset. Two software packages （GeNorm, NormFinder） were employed to evaluate candidate gene stability. Results showed that VHA-E1 was the highest-ranked gene in leaves of nutrient-deficient rapeseed, while VHA-G1 and UBC21 were most stable in nutrient-deficient roots. When rapeseed leaves and roots were combined, UBC21, HTB1, VHA-G1 and A CT7 were most stable among all samples. To evaluate the stabilities of the highest-ranked genes, the relative expression of two target genes, BnTrxl;1 and BnPhtl;3 Were further determined. The results showed that the relative expression of BnTrxl;1 depended on reference gene selection, suggesting that it＇s necessary to evaluate the stability of reference gene prior to qRT-PCR. This study provides suitable reference genes for gene expression analysis of rapeseed responses to different nutrient deficiencies, which is essential for elucidation of mechanisms underlying rapeseed responses to multiple nutrient deficiency stresses展开更多
文摘水稻油菜轮作制度是华中地区最具代表性的耕作制度,但水稻收获后的秸秆清理和还田效果会影响后续油菜的播种和收获。利用微生物降解秸秆是解决这一问题的有效途径之一。前期研究发现,粗糙脉孢菌接种至水稻秸秆,培养48 h时秸秆有明显降解现象,因此,本研究通过转录组测序技术研究分析比较接种在PDA培养基上和接种在水稻秸秆上培养48 h时粗糙脉孢菌的差异表达基因,以探讨其降解机理。结果表明,两者间共存在3329个显著差异表达基因,GO(gene ontology)功能注释分析发现,这些基因主要富集在生物过程类,表达差异较大的基因主要参于核苷酸代谢、蛋白质代谢及与内膜系统;KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)通路富集分析发现,这些差异表达基因的功能主要涉及半乳糖代谢、果糖和甘露糖代谢、氧化磷酸化、次生代谢产物的生物合成和核糖体,在这些代谢途径中筛选到的与降解秸秆相关的酶系多数为上调表达。在这些代谢途径中,推测粗糙脉孢菌主要通过半乳糖代谢、果糖和甘露糖代谢来降解水稻秸秆。以上研究可为更高效地利用粗糙脉孢菌降解秸秆提供新的理论依据和一定的技术支持。
文摘甘蓝型油菜(以下简称:油菜)是我国主要食用油料作物,也是一种用地养地、轮作休耕作物。在农业绿色发展理念的推动下,油菜由于具有生物量大、适应性广等特点,其绿肥应用价值突显。由于油菜栽培产业目标的不同,现有主栽油菜品种营养需求特征决定其需要较高的推荐施肥水平,不能更好实现油菜绿肥应用“小肥换大肥”的产业目标。因此,评价油菜耐低氮胁迫能力、筛选低氮高效油菜种质,可为绿肥应用专用型油菜品种的选育提供材料支撑。本研究以73份油菜种质资源作为供试材料,通过田间试验设置低氮和正常施氮2个处理,以盛花期生物量、植株氮累积量、耐性指数等为指标对供试材料绿肥应用潜力进行综合评价。结果显示,盛花期低氮处理下73份油菜种质单株鲜重变化幅度为29.33~199.33g,变异系数30.0%;油菜单株地上部和根部氮累积量变化幅度分别为48.67~360.43mg和4.21~67.46mg,变异系数分别为31.0%和53.0%。由此可见,盛花期单株鲜重和养分吸收累积能力在供试油菜种质间存在着一定的遗传变异,优选绿肥性状优异的油菜种质资源具有可行性。通过分析不同油菜种质盛花期氮效率综合值和耐性指数可知,73份油菜种质中有25份属于耐低氮型的种质低氮胁迫耐受能力相对较强,17份属于低氮敏感型的种质低氮胁迫耐受能力相对较差。进一步分析发现,耐低氮种质在不同氮处理下单株鲜重、氮累积量及氮吸收效率均显著高于低氮敏感型种质,适宜作为潜在绿肥资源应用,耐低氮油菜种质氮还田量最高可达80.2 kg hm^(-2)。综上,本研究优选的耐低氮种质可作为潜在绿肥专用型油菜资源进行储备和应用,在实际生产中耐低氮油菜作为绿肥应用可适当减少化肥投入,以更好实现绿肥“小肥换大肥”的产业应用目标。
基金supported by the grants from the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2013OCRI)the Excellent Young Scientist Fund of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(1610172015004)an open project funded by State Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources,China(SKLCUSA-b201403)
文摘Nutrient deficiency stresses often occur simultaneously in soil. Thus, it＇s necessary to investigate the mechanisms underlying plant responses to multiple stresses through identification of some key stress-responsive genes. Quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR） is essential for detecting the expression of the interested genes, of which the selection of suitable reference genes is a crucial step before qRT-PCR. To date, reliable reference genes to normalize qRT-PCR data under different nutrient deficiencies have not been reported in plants. In this study, expression of ten candidate reference genes was detected in leaves and roots of rapeseed （Brassica napus L.） after implementing different nutrient deficiencies for 14 days. These candidate genes, included two traditionally used reference genes and eight genes selected from an RNA- Seq dataset. Two software packages （GeNorm, NormFinder） were employed to evaluate candidate gene stability. Results showed that VHA-E1 was the highest-ranked gene in leaves of nutrient-deficient rapeseed, while VHA-G1 and UBC21 were most stable in nutrient-deficient roots. When rapeseed leaves and roots were combined, UBC21, HTB1, VHA-G1 and A CT7 were most stable among all samples. To evaluate the stabilities of the highest-ranked genes, the relative expression of two target genes, BnTrxl;1 and BnPhtl;3 Were further determined. The results showed that the relative expression of BnTrxl;1 depended on reference gene selection, suggesting that it＇s necessary to evaluate the stability of reference gene prior to qRT-PCR. This study provides suitable reference genes for gene expression analysis of rapeseed responses to different nutrient deficiencies, which is essential for elucidation of mechanisms underlying rapeseed responses to multiple nutrient deficiency stresses
