In the observations of Freja satellite in the energization region of the low aurora(1700 km),a new nonlinear plasma oscillation with a turbulent spectrum at the fractional harmonics of the local proton gyrofrequencies...In the observations of Freja satellite in the energization region of the low aurora(1700 km),a new nonlinear plasma oscillation with a turbulent spectrum at the fractional harmonics of the local proton gyrofrequencies is reported and analyzed with the wavelet transformation in the time-frequency spectrum.展开更多
目的系统总结新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)儿童病例的临床特征。方法计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、中国知网、重庆维普和万方数据库,搜集关于儿童COVID-19的临床研究,检索时限均为建库至2020年5月2...目的系统总结新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)儿童病例的临床特征。方法计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、中国知网、重庆维普和万方数据库,搜集关于儿童COVID-19的临床研究,检索时限均为建库至2020年5月21日。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,对纳入研究进行描述性分析。并与严重呼吸窘迫综合征(SARS)、中东呼吸综合征(MERS)儿童病例相关指标进行比较。结果共纳入75个研究,包括COVID-19儿童病例806例。研究结果显示:患儿年龄在生后36 h到18岁不等,男女比例为1.21:1。与SARS、MERS病例类似,COVID-19病例最常见感染方式为家庭聚集感染,占74.6%(601/806)。COVID-19、SARS及MERS病例临床症状相似,以发热、咳嗽为主。部分患儿出现消化道症状。上述三者无症状感染儿童比例分别为17.9%(144/806)、2.5%(2/81)及57.1%(12/21)。COVID-19、MERS病例胸部影像学病变以双侧为主,病变阳性率分别为63.4%(421/664)及26.3%(5/19),均低于其病毒核酸检测阳性率(分别为99.8%及100%)。而SARS病例胸部影像学以单侧病变为主,其影像学阳性率为88.9%(72/81),高于病毒核酸检测阳性率(29.2%)。COVID-19及SARS患儿粪便中均检测到病毒核酸,检测阳性率分别为60.2%(56/93)、71.4%(5/7)。COVID-19患儿重症率及病死率分别为4.5%(31/686)、0.1%(1/806);SARS儿童重症率及病死率分别为1.5%(1/68)、0%;MERS儿童重症率及病死率分别为14.3%(3/21)、9.5%(2/21)。结论儿童COVID-19临床症状与儿童SARS、MERS相似,以发热、咳嗽为主,均存在无症状感染者,但COVID-19和SARS儿童的病情较MERS轻。家庭聚集感染为COVID-19儿童重要的感染方式。流行病学接触史、影像学检查及病毒核酸检测结果是诊断COVID-19的重要依据。展开更多
先进天基太阳天文台(Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory,ASO-S)卫星是我国首颗太阳观测卫星,主要观测太阳耀斑和日冕物质抛射以及产生它们的磁场结构.ASO-S卫星的科学应用系统是科学卫星工程的6大系统之一,它连接科学用户和卫星数...先进天基太阳天文台(Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory,ASO-S)卫星是我国首颗太阳观测卫星,主要观测太阳耀斑和日冕物质抛射以及产生它们的磁场结构.ASO-S卫星的科学应用系统是科学卫星工程的6大系统之一,它连接科学用户和卫星数据,为将卫星的科学数据转化为科学成果提供保障.科学应用系统的数据库是连接软件与海量数据的枢纽,为科学数据生产和用户服务及运行提供数据层的支撑.介绍了科学应用系统的数据库架构设计、数据库的选择以及数据库性能优化和表样例.这里的数据库包括观测计划、工程参数、运维日志、科学数据、定标数据和特征事件识别等数据库.这些数据库的建设将为ASO-S卫星工程科学应用系统的顺利运行提供数据支撑,也可以为未来其他科学卫星类似数据库的搭建提供参考和借鉴.展开更多
Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) is one of the oldest systems of medicine. More and more attention has been paid to TCM application, but the variable quality of clinical trials with TCM impedes its widespread accepta...Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) is one of the oldest systems of medicine. More and more attention has been paid to TCM application, but the variable quality of clinical trials with TCM impedes its widespread acceptance. The Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials(SPIRIT) 2013 Statement has established guidelines for designing clinical trials to ensure that the trial results are accurate and reliable. However, there are difficulties when applying SPIRIT 2013 Statement to trials with TCM, due to the unique theory and the characteristic of TCM intervention. An Extension to the original SPIRIT was developed to ensure the quality of trial design with TCM. As Chinese herbal formulae, acupuncture and moxibustion are common and representative interventions in TCM practice, the executive working group determined that the SPIRIT-TCM Extension focus on these three interventions. Extension was developed through initiation, 3 rounds of Delphi consensus survey, and finalizing expert meeting. Seven items from the SPIRIT 2013 Statement were modified, namely, "title", "background and rationale", "objectives", "eligibility criteria", "interventions", "outcomes", and "data collection methods". The Extension includes the introduction of the concept of TCM pattern and 3 major TCM interventions, with examples and explanations. The SPIRIT-TCM Extension 2018 provides suggestion for investigators in designing high quality TCM clinical trials. It is expected that wide dissemination and application of this extension ensure continuous improvement of TCM trial quality throughout the world.展开更多
Background Porcine liver performing efficient physiological functions in the human body is prerequisite for successful liver xenotransplantation. However, the protein differences between pig and human remain largely u...Background Porcine liver performing efficient physiological functions in the human body is prerequisite for successful liver xenotransplantation. However, the protein differences between pig and human remain largely unexplored. Therefore we investigated the liver expression profile of a highly inbred minipig line. Methods A cDNA library was constructed from liver tissue of an inbred Banna minipig. Two hundred randomly selected clones were sequenced then analysed by BLAST programme. Results Alignments of the sequences showed 44% encoded previously known porcine genes. Among the 56% unknown genes, sequences of 72 clones had high similarities with known genes of other species and the similarities to human were mostly above 0.80. The other 40 clones showing no similarity to genes in National Centre for Biotechnology Information are newly discovered, expressed sequence tags specific to liver of inbred Banna minipig. Twenty-two of the 200 clones had full length encoding regions, 38 complete 5＇ terminal sequences and 140 complete 3＇ terminal sequences.Conclusion These newly discovered expression sequences may be an important resource for research involving physiological characteristics and medical usage of inbred pigs and contribute to matching studies in xenotransplantation.展开更多
To the Editor： In former times, traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） individualized its treatment protocol or clinicalpractice without considering the principles of modem medicine. The standard methodology of random ...To the Editor： In former times, traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） individualized its treatment protocol or clinicalpractice without considering the principles of modem medicine. The standard methodology of random selection, blinding and placebo control, followed by statistical analysis was generally overlooked. This had a negative effect on the development of TCM. Recently, the volume of applied research in Chinese medicine is growing rapidly and the quality is improving.^1 There is good evidence supporting the use of some Chinese patent medicine treatments.^2-4 Further, there is a more open attitude to Chinese medicine among conventional health professionals, partly explained by the rise of evidence-based medicine （EBM）.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.19673019 and 69575010.
文摘In the observations of Freja satellite in the energization region of the low aurora(1700 km),a new nonlinear plasma oscillation with a turbulent spectrum at the fractional harmonics of the local proton gyrofrequencies is reported and analyzed with the wavelet transformation in the time-frequency spectrum.
文摘先进天基太阳天文台(Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory,ASO-S)卫星是我国首颗太阳观测卫星,主要观测太阳耀斑和日冕物质抛射以及产生它们的磁场结构.ASO-S卫星的科学应用系统是科学卫星工程的6大系统之一,它连接科学用户和卫星数据,为将卫星的科学数据转化为科学成果提供保障.科学应用系统的数据库是连接软件与海量数据的枢纽,为科学数据生产和用户服务及运行提供数据层的支撑.介绍了科学应用系统的数据库架构设计、数据库的选择以及数据库性能优化和表样例.这里的数据库包括观测计划、工程参数、运维日志、科学数据、定标数据和特征事件识别等数据库.这些数据库的建设将为ASO-S卫星工程科学应用系统的顺利运行提供数据支撑,也可以为未来其他科学卫星类似数据库的搭建提供参考和借鉴.
文摘Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) is one of the oldest systems of medicine. More and more attention has been paid to TCM application, but the variable quality of clinical trials with TCM impedes its widespread acceptance. The Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials(SPIRIT) 2013 Statement has established guidelines for designing clinical trials to ensure that the trial results are accurate and reliable. However, there are difficulties when applying SPIRIT 2013 Statement to trials with TCM, due to the unique theory and the characteristic of TCM intervention. An Extension to the original SPIRIT was developed to ensure the quality of trial design with TCM. As Chinese herbal formulae, acupuncture and moxibustion are common and representative interventions in TCM practice, the executive working group determined that the SPIRIT-TCM Extension focus on these three interventions. Extension was developed through initiation, 3 rounds of Delphi consensus survey, and finalizing expert meeting. Seven items from the SPIRIT 2013 Statement were modified, namely, "title", "background and rationale", "objectives", "eligibility criteria", "interventions", "outcomes", and "data collection methods". The Extension includes the introduction of the concept of TCM pattern and 3 major TCM interventions, with examples and explanations. The SPIRIT-TCM Extension 2018 provides suggestion for investigators in designing high quality TCM clinical trials. It is expected that wide dissemination and application of this extension ensure continuous improvement of TCM trial quality throughout the world.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30270679)National Basic Research Program of China(No.2003CB515504)National Basic Research Program of China(No.2004CCA01800).
文摘Background Porcine liver performing efficient physiological functions in the human body is prerequisite for successful liver xenotransplantation. However, the protein differences between pig and human remain largely unexplored. Therefore we investigated the liver expression profile of a highly inbred minipig line. Methods A cDNA library was constructed from liver tissue of an inbred Banna minipig. Two hundred randomly selected clones were sequenced then analysed by BLAST programme. Results Alignments of the sequences showed 44% encoded previously known porcine genes. Among the 56% unknown genes, sequences of 72 clones had high similarities with known genes of other species and the similarities to human were mostly above 0.80. The other 40 clones showing no similarity to genes in National Centre for Biotechnology Information are newly discovered, expressed sequence tags specific to liver of inbred Banna minipig. Twenty-two of the 200 clones had full length encoding regions, 38 complete 5＇ terminal sequences and 140 complete 3＇ terminal sequences.Conclusion These newly discovered expression sequences may be an important resource for research involving physiological characteristics and medical usage of inbred pigs and contribute to matching studies in xenotransplantation.
文摘To the Editor： In former times, traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） individualized its treatment protocol or clinicalpractice without considering the principles of modem medicine. The standard methodology of random selection, blinding and placebo control, followed by statistical analysis was generally overlooked. This had a negative effect on the development of TCM. Recently, the volume of applied research in Chinese medicine is growing rapidly and the quality is improving.^1 There is good evidence supporting the use of some Chinese patent medicine treatments.^2-4 Further, there is a more open attitude to Chinese medicine among conventional health professionals, partly explained by the rise of evidence-based medicine （EBM）.
