The water content and nutrient in soil are two main determine factors to crop yield and quality, managements of which in field are of great importance to maintain sustainable high yield. The objective of this study wa...The water content and nutrient in soil are two main determine factors to crop yield and quality, managements of which in field are of great importance to maintain sustainable high yield. The objective of this study was to measure the uptake, forms, and use efficiency of phosphorus （P） in wheat under four levels of irrigation （W0, W1, W2, and W3） and three levels of P application （P0, P1, and P2） through two growth seasons of wheat （2008-2010）. The field experiment was carried out in a low level of soil P concentration and the eultivar was Jimai 20. The results indicated that P fertilizer combined with irrigation not only improved the activity of phosphatase in soil, but also increased P accumulation in wheat, similar results was found in the grain of wheat, the content of total P increased significantly. Meanwhile, the mainly existence forms of P in grain were the lecithoid-P and labile organic-P. On the other hand, in comparison to the irrigation, the dry matter and grain P production efficiency and postponing P application of wheat increased with increasing Papplication rates within the range of 0-180 kg P2O5 ha-1. The interaction between P and irrigation also significantly （P〈0.01） affected on the P accumulation, grain total P, grain phospholipid P, and P production efficiency. In this study, therefore, the P applications and irrigation improved grain P production efficiency and postponing P application of winter wheat, and W2P2 treatment （180 kg P2O5 ha-1 combination with 120 mm irrigation） had a high P accumulation and P use efficiency, it was an optimum level for P fertilizer application and irrigation in this region.展开更多
【目的】探究在不同尿素类型与施用深度下,冬小麦开花后旗叶光合性能和光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)性能及氮素利用的差异,以期为协同提高氮素利用效率与籽粒产量,简化小麦生产过程提供理论依据。【方法】于2015—2016年与2016—2017年冬小麦生长季...【目的】探究在不同尿素类型与施用深度下,冬小麦开花后旗叶光合性能和光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)性能及氮素利用的差异,以期为协同提高氮素利用效率与籽粒产量,简化小麦生产过程提供理论依据。【方法】于2015—2016年与2016—2017年冬小麦生长季进行试验,以‘济麦22’为供试材料,采用二因素裂区试验设计,尿素类型处理(T)为主区,施用深度处理(D)为裂区。尿素类型包括普通尿素处理(T1,基追比为4∶6)与普通和控释尿素配施处理(T2,普通尿素、硫包膜尿素、树脂包膜尿素以4∶3∶3混合一次性基施),施用深度为地下5 cm (D1)与10 cm (D2)。测定了开花后旗叶气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线(OJIP),及不同生育时期地上植株氮素积累量。【结果】2年试验结果表明,相较于普通尿素处理,普通和控释尿素配施处理可显著提高冬小麦有效穗数和千粒重,对穗粒数影响不显著;施用深度对2016—2017年千粒重影响显著,对2年单位面积有效穗数和穗粒数影响不显著;普通和控释尿素配合深施处理(T2D2)产量显著高于其它处理。尿素类型和施用深度对气体交换参数影响显著,普通和控释尿素配合深施处理可显著提高花后旗叶净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs),显著降低胞间CO2浓度(Ci),相对延长了高光合持续期。普通和控释尿素配合处理较普通尿素处理显著提高了旗叶光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)反应中心对光能的吸收(φPo)、转化(φEo)以及电子在电子传递链中转移的效率(ψo);显著改善了电子传递链供体侧(Wk)和受体侧(Vj)性能,有效提高了产量形成期光合性能的稳定性。同一尿素类型下,深施处理对光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)性能的改善大于浅施处理。相较于普通尿素处理,普通和控释尿素配施处理可显著提高冬小麦生育中后期植株氮素积累量;相较于浅施处理,深施处理对冬小麦不同生育期氮素积累均有不同程度的提高。除对2016—2017年氮素生理利用率(NPE)影响不显著外,普通和控释尿素配合深施处理显著提高了2年冬小麦氮肥农学利用效率(NAE)、氮肥偏肥生产力(PEPN)、成熟期氮肥表观回收率(NRE)和2015—2016年氮素利用效率。【结论】普通尿素与控释尿素配合深施可显著提高冬小麦花期旗叶光合性能,促进氮素利用,增加产量,有利于冬小麦产量与氮肥利用之间的协同提高,省时增效效果明显,是本试验中最佳组合模式。展开更多
基金financial supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30900876 and 31101127)the Key Technology R&D Program of China(2012BAD14B17)+1 种基金the Special Research Funding for Public Benefit Industries (Agriculture) of China(201103001)the Major Innovation Project for Applied Technology of Shandong Province,China
文摘The water content and nutrient in soil are two main determine factors to crop yield and quality, managements of which in field are of great importance to maintain sustainable high yield. The objective of this study was to measure the uptake, forms, and use efficiency of phosphorus （P） in wheat under four levels of irrigation （W0, W1, W2, and W3） and three levels of P application （P0, P1, and P2） through two growth seasons of wheat （2008-2010）. The field experiment was carried out in a low level of soil P concentration and the eultivar was Jimai 20. The results indicated that P fertilizer combined with irrigation not only improved the activity of phosphatase in soil, but also increased P accumulation in wheat, similar results was found in the grain of wheat, the content of total P increased significantly. Meanwhile, the mainly existence forms of P in grain were the lecithoid-P and labile organic-P. On the other hand, in comparison to the irrigation, the dry matter and grain P production efficiency and postponing P application of wheat increased with increasing Papplication rates within the range of 0-180 kg P2O5 ha-1. The interaction between P and irrigation also significantly （P〈0.01） affected on the P accumulation, grain total P, grain phospholipid P, and P production efficiency. In this study, therefore, the P applications and irrigation improved grain P production efficiency and postponing P application of winter wheat, and W2P2 treatment （180 kg P2O5 ha-1 combination with 120 mm irrigation） had a high P accumulation and P use efficiency, it was an optimum level for P fertilizer application and irrigation in this region.
文摘【目的】探究在不同尿素类型与施用深度下,冬小麦开花后旗叶光合性能和光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)性能及氮素利用的差异,以期为协同提高氮素利用效率与籽粒产量,简化小麦生产过程提供理论依据。【方法】于2015—2016年与2016—2017年冬小麦生长季进行试验,以‘济麦22’为供试材料,采用二因素裂区试验设计,尿素类型处理(T)为主区,施用深度处理(D)为裂区。尿素类型包括普通尿素处理(T1,基追比为4∶6)与普通和控释尿素配施处理(T2,普通尿素、硫包膜尿素、树脂包膜尿素以4∶3∶3混合一次性基施),施用深度为地下5 cm (D1)与10 cm (D2)。测定了开花后旗叶气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线(OJIP),及不同生育时期地上植株氮素积累量。【结果】2年试验结果表明,相较于普通尿素处理,普通和控释尿素配施处理可显著提高冬小麦有效穗数和千粒重,对穗粒数影响不显著;施用深度对2016—2017年千粒重影响显著,对2年单位面积有效穗数和穗粒数影响不显著;普通和控释尿素配合深施处理(T2D2)产量显著高于其它处理。尿素类型和施用深度对气体交换参数影响显著,普通和控释尿素配合深施处理可显著提高花后旗叶净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs),显著降低胞间CO2浓度(Ci),相对延长了高光合持续期。普通和控释尿素配合处理较普通尿素处理显著提高了旗叶光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)反应中心对光能的吸收(φPo)、转化(φEo)以及电子在电子传递链中转移的效率(ψo);显著改善了电子传递链供体侧(Wk)和受体侧(Vj)性能,有效提高了产量形成期光合性能的稳定性。同一尿素类型下,深施处理对光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)性能的改善大于浅施处理。相较于普通尿素处理,普通和控释尿素配施处理可显著提高冬小麦生育中后期植株氮素积累量;相较于浅施处理,深施处理对冬小麦不同生育期氮素积累均有不同程度的提高。除对2016—2017年氮素生理利用率(NPE)影响不显著外,普通和控释尿素配合深施处理显著提高了2年冬小麦氮肥农学利用效率(NAE)、氮肥偏肥生产力(PEPN)、成熟期氮肥表观回收率(NRE)和2015—2016年氮素利用效率。【结论】普通尿素与控释尿素配合深施可显著提高冬小麦花期旗叶光合性能,促进氮素利用,增加产量,有利于冬小麦产量与氮肥利用之间的协同提高,省时增效效果明显,是本试验中最佳组合模式。
