为了提高模式CLM4.5(The Community Land Model Version 4.5)对我国北方地表温度的模拟性能,本文利用近30年实况地表温度站点观测资料,开展了Johansen、Côté-Konrad及Lu-Ren三个常用土壤导热率模型对地表温度模拟影响的研究....为了提高模式CLM4.5(The Community Land Model Version 4.5)对我国北方地表温度的模拟性能,本文利用近30年实况地表温度站点观测资料,开展了Johansen、Côté-Konrad及Lu-Ren三个常用土壤导热率模型对地表温度模拟影响的研究.结果表明,三种导热率方案均能较好地模拟出中国北方地表温度的时空特征,但Lu-Ren方案的模拟误差、均方根误差更小,与实况间的相关性最显著.实况分析表明,近30年来北方地表温度处于快速上升通道中,尤其2003年以来增温趋势更加显著;三种方案均能模拟出这种变化趋势,与实况变化间相关显著,但模拟的增温幅度偏小,其中Lu-Ren方案模拟的变化趋势与实况值最接近.基于Taylor图和降水模拟评估表明,三种方案中Lu-Ren方案模拟效果最好.由此可见,在CLM4.5模式中增加适合我国北方气候模拟的土壤导热率新方案(Lu-Ren方案),提高了CLM模式的模拟效果,促进了该陆面模式的发展.展开更多
目的了解热带气旋(tropical cyclone,TC)灾难后伤病发生特点及其构成特点。方法运用Meta分析方法,检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网等数据库中有关热带气旋后伤病发生情况的文献,使用Rev Man 5.3软件对热带气旋后伤病构成比进行合...目的了解热带气旋(tropical cyclone,TC)灾难后伤病发生特点及其构成特点。方法运用Meta分析方法,检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网等数据库中有关热带气旋后伤病发生情况的文献,使用Rev Man 5.3软件对热带气旋后伤病构成比进行合并,检验异质性并选择相应的效应模型,同时依据热带气旋发生时间进行亚组分析。结果纳入文献25篇,Meta分析结果显示,热带气旋造成的伤病中,开放性损伤(42%)是最常见的伤病类型,其次为软组织损伤(33%)、骨折(32%)、烧伤(3%)、挤压伤(2%)、淹溺伤(1%)、神经损伤(1%)等。致伤原因中坠落(24%)为主要原因,再次为切割(23%)、击打/砸(17%)、动物(昆虫)咬伤(9%)。与2010年前发生的热带气旋伤相比,2010年后热带气旋伤病中软组织损伤和骨折占比增长显著,热带气旋致伤原因中坠落与击打/砸的比重较前增加。结论热带气旋发生后,开放性损伤为最主要的损伤类别,坠落是最主要的致伤原因,各种损伤类别和致伤因素的占比在不同发生时段有所差异。展开更多
In this paper, a sufficient and necessary condition of quick trickle permutations is given from the point of inverse permutations. The bridge is built between quick trickle permutations and m-value logic functions. By...In this paper, a sufficient and necessary condition of quick trickle permutations is given from the point of inverse permutations. The bridge is built between quick trickle permutations and m-value logic functions. By the methods of the Chrestenson spectrum of m-value logic functions and the auto-correlation function of m-value logic functions to investigate the Chrestenson spectral characteristics and the auto-correlation function charac- teristics of inverse permutations of quick trickle permutations, a determinant arithmetic of quick trickle permutations is given. Using the results, it becomes easy to judge that a permutation is a quick trickle permutation or not by using computer. This gives a new pathway to study constructions and enumerations of quick trickle permutations.展开更多
A typical precipitation hardened alloy, Cu-Co dilute alloy was selected to study the precipitation behavior and irradiation effect on precipitates. It is found that the principal effect of ion irradiation on the coher...A typical precipitation hardened alloy, Cu-Co dilute alloy was selected to study the precipitation behavior and irradiation effect on precipitates. It is found that the principal effect of ion irradiation on the coherent precipitates is loss of coherency, and TEM cross-section observations show that the fraction of the incoherent precipitates is dependent on dose but not on dose rate during heavy ion irradiation.展开更多
文摘为了提高模式CLM4.5(The Community Land Model Version 4.5)对我国北方地表温度的模拟性能,本文利用近30年实况地表温度站点观测资料,开展了Johansen、Côté-Konrad及Lu-Ren三个常用土壤导热率模型对地表温度模拟影响的研究.结果表明,三种导热率方案均能较好地模拟出中国北方地表温度的时空特征,但Lu-Ren方案的模拟误差、均方根误差更小,与实况间的相关性最显著.实况分析表明,近30年来北方地表温度处于快速上升通道中,尤其2003年以来增温趋势更加显著;三种方案均能模拟出这种变化趋势,与实况变化间相关显著,但模拟的增温幅度偏小,其中Lu-Ren方案模拟的变化趋势与实况值最接近.基于Taylor图和降水模拟评估表明,三种方案中Lu-Ren方案模拟效果最好.由此可见,在CLM4.5模式中增加适合我国北方气候模拟的土壤导热率新方案(Lu-Ren方案),提高了CLM模式的模拟效果,促进了该陆面模式的发展.
文摘目的了解热带气旋(tropical cyclone,TC)灾难后伤病发生特点及其构成特点。方法运用Meta分析方法,检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网等数据库中有关热带气旋后伤病发生情况的文献,使用Rev Man 5.3软件对热带气旋后伤病构成比进行合并,检验异质性并选择相应的效应模型,同时依据热带气旋发生时间进行亚组分析。结果纳入文献25篇,Meta分析结果显示,热带气旋造成的伤病中,开放性损伤(42%)是最常见的伤病类型,其次为软组织损伤(33%)、骨折(32%)、烧伤(3%)、挤压伤(2%)、淹溺伤(1%)、神经损伤(1%)等。致伤原因中坠落(24%)为主要原因,再次为切割(23%)、击打/砸(17%)、动物(昆虫)咬伤(9%)。与2010年前发生的热带气旋伤相比,2010年后热带气旋伤病中软组织损伤和骨折占比增长显著,热带气旋致伤原因中坠落与击打/砸的比重较前增加。结论热带气旋发生后,开放性损伤为最主要的损伤类别,坠落是最主要的致伤原因,各种损伤类别和致伤因素的占比在不同发生时段有所差异。
基金the Opening Foundation of State Key Labo-ratory of Information Security (20050102)
文摘In this paper, a sufficient and necessary condition of quick trickle permutations is given from the point of inverse permutations. The bridge is built between quick trickle permutations and m-value logic functions. By the methods of the Chrestenson spectrum of m-value logic functions and the auto-correlation function of m-value logic functions to investigate the Chrestenson spectral characteristics and the auto-correlation function charac- teristics of inverse permutations of quick trickle permutations, a determinant arithmetic of quick trickle permutations is given. Using the results, it becomes easy to judge that a permutation is a quick trickle permutation or not by using computer. This gives a new pathway to study constructions and enumerations of quick trickle permutations.
文摘A typical precipitation hardened alloy, Cu-Co dilute alloy was selected to study the precipitation behavior and irradiation effect on precipitates. It is found that the principal effect of ion irradiation on the coherent precipitates is loss of coherency, and TEM cross-section observations show that the fraction of the incoherent precipitates is dependent on dose but not on dose rate during heavy ion irradiation.