采用莱州湾水域鱼类生物完整性指数评价生态系统健康状况,为该水域的生态修复和渔业资源的可持续管理提供科学依据。2016-2017年在莱州湾采用底拖网开展鱼类资源调查,共捕获鱼类52种。参照1982-1983年的历史资料确定评价标准,从鱼类种...采用莱州湾水域鱼类生物完整性指数评价生态系统健康状况,为该水域的生态修复和渔业资源的可持续管理提供科学依据。2016-2017年在莱州湾采用底拖网开展鱼类资源调查,共捕获鱼类52种。参照1982-1983年的历史资料确定评价标准,从鱼类种类组成与丰度、繁殖共位群和营养结构等角度,筛选适用于莱州湾水域鱼类生物完整性(Fish index of biological integrity,F-IBI)评价的指标体系,得到鱼类总种类数、冷温性鱼类比例、中上层鱼类种类数比例、平均单位网次渔获量、多样性指数、产浮性卵鱼类比例、产粘着性卵鱼类比例、低耐污鱼类种数比例、广食性鱼类比例、底栖动物食性鱼类比例、浮游动物食性鱼类比例和杂食性鱼类比例等12个参数指标。根据评价指标体系计算F-IBI,结果显示:莱州湾水域的F-IBI得分为30,其完整性等级为“差”,表明莱州湾水域生态健康状况差。建议采取面源污染控制和基于生态系统保护的渔业管理恢复莱州湾水域生态系统健康。展开更多
目的从红树林根际淤泥中分离鉴定放线菌并进行多样性分析及抗菌活性研究,为新抗生素的发现提供药用放线菌资源。方法用6种分离培养基,利用涂布平板法分离放线菌;通过PCR扩增获得菌株16S r RNA基因并进行同源性比对,分析放线菌多样性;发...目的从红树林根际淤泥中分离鉴定放线菌并进行多样性分析及抗菌活性研究,为新抗生素的发现提供药用放线菌资源。方法用6种分离培养基,利用涂布平板法分离放线菌;通过PCR扩增获得菌株16S r RNA基因并进行同源性比对,分析放线菌多样性;发酵液经处理分别形成发酵液酯相、发酵液水相和菌丝丙酮浸提液3类样品;纸片扩散法进行抗菌活性测试。结果从5份红树林植物根际淤泥样品中分离纯化得到56株放线菌,分布于7个目7个科12个属,优势菌属为小单孢菌属和红球菌属;菌株L9T122、L1T1Jb1的16S r RNA基因序列与有效发表菌株Agromyces bracchium IFO 16238T(AB023359)、Streptomyces radiopugnans R97T(DQ912930)的相似率最高,分别为97.49%和97.07%,为潜在壤霉菌属和链霉菌属新种;抗菌活性检测结果表明,在20株放线菌中,15株具有抗菌活性,总阳性率为75.00%。其中L2T1Gb21、L9T122对金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌均有较强的抑菌作用。结论广西北仑河口红树林植物根际土壤中含有较为丰富的放线菌资源,菌株L2T1Gb21、L9T122有较强的抗菌活性,具有开发抗菌新药的潜力。展开更多
Protoplasts of common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.2 n =42) cv. Jinan 177 were fused with ultraviolet (UV) irradiated protoplasts of Agropyron elongatum (2 n =70) via a PEG method. Sterile hybrid plants were regenerate...Protoplasts of common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.2 n =42) cv. Jinan 177 were fused with ultraviolet (UV) irradiated protoplasts of Agropyron elongatum (2 n =70) via a PEG method. Sterile hybrid plants were regenerated from the fused product and their ovaries were induced to form calli.From the resulted callus tissue, green plants were differentiated. These somaclonal plants (SF0) were investigated using chromosome and isozyme analysis. The results showed that they contained chromosomes from both donors (i.e., Triticum aestivum and Agropyron elongatum ). Two of the SF0 plants grew to maturity and set seeds. The analysis of phenotype, chromosome constitution, isozyme pattern and RAPD polymorphism of the F 1 plants confirmed their hybrid nature. Collectively, these results demonstrated that fertile hybrid plants could be produced from the procedure described above. Three different phenotypes were observed in F2 progenies. The type I and II plants had higher stalks (average 75~85 cm) and big ears and grains, but plants of the former phenotype possessed fewer tillers. Type III plants had short stalks (average 55 cm) but possessed high ability of tillering. Cytogenetical analysis of F 1 plants and their successive generations showed that in F 1 to F 3 generations the chromosome numbers of root tip cells varied in the range of 36~44, and many cells contained 1 4 micro chromosomes (mc). In PMC MI stage of the F2 plants, the chromosome configuration was mainly 17II 22II with 1 4 additional micro chromosomes. Comparing to F 2, more chromosome configuration of 20II 21II occurred in F 3, and over 70% of cells had the chromosome configurations of 21II+1 2 mcs. A large population of the different hybrid lines have been obtained through propagation and selection in successive generations. Their agronomic traits have been studied and will be reported in a separate paper.展开更多
文摘采用莱州湾水域鱼类生物完整性指数评价生态系统健康状况,为该水域的生态修复和渔业资源的可持续管理提供科学依据。2016-2017年在莱州湾采用底拖网开展鱼类资源调查,共捕获鱼类52种。参照1982-1983年的历史资料确定评价标准,从鱼类种类组成与丰度、繁殖共位群和营养结构等角度,筛选适用于莱州湾水域鱼类生物完整性(Fish index of biological integrity,F-IBI)评价的指标体系,得到鱼类总种类数、冷温性鱼类比例、中上层鱼类种类数比例、平均单位网次渔获量、多样性指数、产浮性卵鱼类比例、产粘着性卵鱼类比例、低耐污鱼类种数比例、广食性鱼类比例、底栖动物食性鱼类比例、浮游动物食性鱼类比例和杂食性鱼类比例等12个参数指标。根据评价指标体系计算F-IBI,结果显示:莱州湾水域的F-IBI得分为30,其完整性等级为“差”,表明莱州湾水域生态健康状况差。建议采取面源污染控制和基于生态系统保护的渔业管理恢复莱州湾水域生态系统健康。
文摘目的从红树林根际淤泥中分离鉴定放线菌并进行多样性分析及抗菌活性研究,为新抗生素的发现提供药用放线菌资源。方法用6种分离培养基,利用涂布平板法分离放线菌;通过PCR扩增获得菌株16S r RNA基因并进行同源性比对,分析放线菌多样性;发酵液经处理分别形成发酵液酯相、发酵液水相和菌丝丙酮浸提液3类样品;纸片扩散法进行抗菌活性测试。结果从5份红树林植物根际淤泥样品中分离纯化得到56株放线菌,分布于7个目7个科12个属,优势菌属为小单孢菌属和红球菌属;菌株L9T122、L1T1Jb1的16S r RNA基因序列与有效发表菌株Agromyces bracchium IFO 16238T(AB023359)、Streptomyces radiopugnans R97T(DQ912930)的相似率最高,分别为97.49%和97.07%,为潜在壤霉菌属和链霉菌属新种;抗菌活性检测结果表明,在20株放线菌中,15株具有抗菌活性,总阳性率为75.00%。其中L2T1Gb21、L9T122对金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌均有较强的抑菌作用。结论广西北仑河口红树林植物根际土壤中含有较为丰富的放线菌资源,菌株L2T1Gb21、L9T122有较强的抗菌活性,具有开发抗菌新药的潜力。
文摘Protoplasts of common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.2 n =42) cv. Jinan 177 were fused with ultraviolet (UV) irradiated protoplasts of Agropyron elongatum (2 n =70) via a PEG method. Sterile hybrid plants were regenerated from the fused product and their ovaries were induced to form calli.From the resulted callus tissue, green plants were differentiated. These somaclonal plants (SF0) were investigated using chromosome and isozyme analysis. The results showed that they contained chromosomes from both donors (i.e., Triticum aestivum and Agropyron elongatum ). Two of the SF0 plants grew to maturity and set seeds. The analysis of phenotype, chromosome constitution, isozyme pattern and RAPD polymorphism of the F 1 plants confirmed their hybrid nature. Collectively, these results demonstrated that fertile hybrid plants could be produced from the procedure described above. Three different phenotypes were observed in F2 progenies. The type I and II plants had higher stalks (average 75~85 cm) and big ears and grains, but plants of the former phenotype possessed fewer tillers. Type III plants had short stalks (average 55 cm) but possessed high ability of tillering. Cytogenetical analysis of F 1 plants and their successive generations showed that in F 1 to F 3 generations the chromosome numbers of root tip cells varied in the range of 36~44, and many cells contained 1 4 micro chromosomes (mc). In PMC MI stage of the F2 plants, the chromosome configuration was mainly 17II 22II with 1 4 additional micro chromosomes. Comparing to F 2, more chromosome configuration of 20II 21II occurred in F 3, and over 70% of cells had the chromosome configurations of 21II+1 2 mcs. A large population of the different hybrid lines have been obtained through propagation and selection in successive generations. Their agronomic traits have been studied and will be reported in a separate paper.