The spatiotemporal variation in the altitudinal belts in the Kunlun Mountains reflects the natural geographical environment of the arid areas and is essential for constructing a dynamic change system of altitudinal be...The spatiotemporal variation in the altitudinal belts in the Kunlun Mountains reflects the natural geographical environment of the arid areas and is essential for constructing a dynamic change system of altitudinal belts in central and western China.In this study,we compiled the altitudinal belt spectra for three typical peaks(Amne Machin Mountain,Muztag Mountain,and Kongur Peak from east to west)using the Google Earth Engine(GEE),Landsat,and NASADEM.Considering historical vegetation surveys,we analyzed spatiotemporal patterns in the Kunlun Mountains for 2000,2010,and 2020.The results reveal that 1)the altitudinal belt spectra of the Kunlun Mountains exhibited a trend of complexity,simplicity,and complexity,with the number of altitudinal belts decreasing from six to three and then increasing to four from east to west.The dominant belt transitions from an alpine meadow belt to alpine desert steppe and montane desert steppe belts,excluding the nival belt.2)The upper limits of altitudinal belts are higher on sunny slopes than on shady slopes in the Kunlun Mountains,with an average altitudinal difference of 77.90 m.3)From 2000 to 2020,there was a widening trend in vegetation and desert belts,accompanied by glacier shrinkage.The range of glacier belts(nival and subnival)decreased by an average of 64 m,resulting in a 64 m rise in the upper limit of the alpine desert steppe belt in the Kunlun Mountains.This suggests drying and warming trends at high altitudes in the Kunlun Mountains in the study period.展开更多
As a historic technology,handwriting identification,especially that of Chinese characters,plays an important role in judicial trials both in domestic and abroad.However,in recent decades,handwriting identification has...As a historic technology,handwriting identification,especially that of Chinese characters,plays an important role in judicial trials both in domestic and abroad.However,in recent decades,handwriting identification has feced a challenging situation;the scientificity of handwriting identification has been questioned.This article analyzes the reasons for questioning handwriting identification,focusing on the aspects of standards,methods,quantitative analysis of handwriting identification,and qualification,training,and assessment of document examiners.Besides,corresponding solutions for the above aspects and some other characteristics,such as systematic identification,cross-examination of expert opinions,and rule of corroboration,are proposed.展开更多
基金Natural Science Foundation of Henan,No.232300420165,No.242300420218Integrated Scientific Investigation of the North-South Transitional Zone of China,No.2017FY100900。
文摘The spatiotemporal variation in the altitudinal belts in the Kunlun Mountains reflects the natural geographical environment of the arid areas and is essential for constructing a dynamic change system of altitudinal belts in central and western China.In this study,we compiled the altitudinal belt spectra for three typical peaks(Amne Machin Mountain,Muztag Mountain,and Kongur Peak from east to west)using the Google Earth Engine(GEE),Landsat,and NASADEM.Considering historical vegetation surveys,we analyzed spatiotemporal patterns in the Kunlun Mountains for 2000,2010,and 2020.The results reveal that 1)the altitudinal belt spectra of the Kunlun Mountains exhibited a trend of complexity,simplicity,and complexity,with the number of altitudinal belts decreasing from six to three and then increasing to four from east to west.The dominant belt transitions from an alpine meadow belt to alpine desert steppe and montane desert steppe belts,excluding the nival belt.2)The upper limits of altitudinal belts are higher on sunny slopes than on shady slopes in the Kunlun Mountains,with an average altitudinal difference of 77.90 m.3)From 2000 to 2020,there was a widening trend in vegetation and desert belts,accompanied by glacier shrinkage.The range of glacier belts(nival and subnival)decreased by an average of 64 m,resulting in a 64 m rise in the upper limit of the alpine desert steppe belt in the Kunlun Mountains.This suggests drying and warming trends at high altitudes in the Kunlun Mountains in the study period.
基金Program for school-level Research in China University of Political Science and Law(16ZFQ82008).
文摘As a historic technology,handwriting identification,especially that of Chinese characters,plays an important role in judicial trials both in domestic and abroad.However,in recent decades,handwriting identification has feced a challenging situation;the scientificity of handwriting identification has been questioned.This article analyzes the reasons for questioning handwriting identification,focusing on the aspects of standards,methods,quantitative analysis of handwriting identification,and qualification,training,and assessment of document examiners.Besides,corresponding solutions for the above aspects and some other characteristics,such as systematic identification,cross-examination of expert opinions,and rule of corroboration,are proposed.
