北方寒区饲肥兼用型油菜综合利用研究进展

黑龙江省是国家重要的粮食生产基地,种植饲肥兼用型油菜可以弥补黑龙江省饲草短缺的问题,同时饲料油菜作为绿肥作物在改善土壤结构、提升土壤有机质含量方面具有重要促进作用,本文回顾了饲料油菜在黑龙江省的发展历程,对饲料油菜引种与品种筛选、种植模式、栽培技术、青贮加工、利用方式等方面进行了综述,概括总结了北方寒区饲料油菜种植、加工和利用中存在的问题,对在寒区开展饲料油菜的研究和发展进行了展望。

山葡萄与寒葱立体种植对土壤环境的影响及效益分析

为明确山葡萄与寒葱立体种植对土壤养分的影响,比较了不同土层深度中有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷及速效钾、微生物数量及酶活性的差异。结果表明,与山葡萄或寒葱单一种植相比,山葡萄与寒葱立体种植可显著增加各土层中有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷及速效钾的含量,使细菌、真菌及放线菌的数量以及过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶及磷酸酶活性升高,并提升单位面积产值。因此选择合理的山葡萄与寒葱立体种植方式,不仅能够提升土壤利用率,而且能提高土壤质量,增加综合效益。

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定植物源性食品中灭草松残留量

为提高植物源性食品中灭草松残留量检测灵敏度和准确性,本文建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法,将样品中残留的灭草松用酸性乙腈高速匀浆提取,提取液经强阴离子交换固相萃取柱(MAX)净化,采用phenomenex Kinetex XB-C_(18)(2.0×50 mm,2.6μm)色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相A,乙腈为流动相B,进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL·min^(-1),质谱中选择多反应监测模式(MRM)对植物源性食品中灭草松进行检测和确证,基质加标法定量。结果表明:灭草松的浓度在2~50 ng·mL^(-1)时,线性关系良好,灭草松相关系数(r)为0.9991。在0.01~0.20 mg·kg^(-1)浓度范围内,样品加标平均回收率范围在75.6%~109.3%,相对标准偏差为4.1%~8.4%,检出限为10μg·kg^(-1)。该方法具有快速、操作简单、灵敏度高等优点,可满足植物源性食品中灭草松的检测要求。

播种量对复种饲用油菜不同发育时期产量和品质的影响

试验旨在明确北方寒区麦后复种饲用油菜的最佳播种量与采收期。以华油杂62为试验材料,对其不同种植密度条件下的苗期、抽薹期、盛花期和荚果初期的产量和品质主要性状进行比较分析。结果显示:在相同播种密度下,随着生育期推进,华油杂62的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量呈逐渐增加的趋势,粗灰分和碳水化合物含量呈逐渐下降的趋势,粗纤维含量从苗期至荚果初期明显增加。相关性分析表明,华油杂62的粗蛋白与热量、碳水化合物与热量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);华油杂62的产量在盛花期产量最高。华油杂62的鲜重产量在播种量为11.25 kg/hm^(2)时最高。研究表明,华油杂62在播种量11.25 kg/hm^(2)的条件下,盛花期前后采收,可获得较高产量,油菜营养品质最佳。

蓝莓耐高pH培养基种质资源评价

为促进蓝莓耐高pH种质创新,在pH5.8条件下,以增殖系数为鉴定指标对矮丛、半高从、北高丛3种类型共19份蓝莓品种耐高pH培养基能力进行评价。结果表明:蓝莓耐高pH培养基能力在不同品种和不同类别中存在差异。最终筛选出4份耐高pH培养基品种,矮丛蓝莓2份,分别是美登和野生蓝莓;北高丛蓝莓是蓝乐,半高丛蓝莓是北陆地。对培养后的增殖系数(Y)和株高(X)进行相关性分析,并建立鉴定蓝莓耐高pH培养基能力的回归方程:Y=0.29 X+3.64(r=0.67,F=13.71**),此方程可以用于耐高pH培养基的蓝莓筛选。

不同pH培养基对蓝莓根系生长的影响

为研究pH对蓝莓根系的影响,以野生型矮丛蓝莓为试验材料,在不同pH的生根培养基中,探究蓝莓根系对pH的适应性。结果表明:适当提高pH水平(5.0～5.8)促进蓝莓的生根率,pH过高(6.0～6.6)生根率受到抑制;随着pH的升高平均生根数会受到抑制;适当提高pH水平(5.3～5.8)促进根长伸长,pH过高(6.0～6.6),抑制根长伸长;随着pH的升高平均生根指数受到抑制。

智能图像处理与应用设计实例

智能图像处理技术紧跟科技前沿,其算法被广泛应用于实际生产中,带来了很多的便利和经济价值,尤其是基于计算机视觉图像的识别技术。针对废旧手机堆积如山,造成大量资源浪费、污染环境的问题,以对手机进行分类回收为例,文中利用机器视觉对手机完成快速分类,以便于提取贵重金属、稀有金属,充分利用资源,节省人力成本。该方法基于Tensorflow算法,对手机进行图像训练分类,形成模板库,让待识别手机与模板库进行匹配,利用卷积神经网络分类识别方法进行识别,最终得以成功应用。以Linux系统的树莓派3B+为主控制器,32位ARMCotex-M3内核单片机为辅助控制器,实现舵机的转动,自动完成手机识别与分类回收。该方法能快速有效地识别和分类手机,节省分类手机的时间,且可以流水作业,便于贵重金属和稀有金属的智能化回收利用。

Deepgoing study on intrathoracic tuberculous lymphadenitis in adults using multidetector CT

Background Studies on intrathoracic tuberculous lymphadenitis in adults are confined to the preliminary CT findings with ordinary CT and ordinary spiral CT. There has been no deepgoing study of multidetector CT to date. Multidetector CT could contribute to better imaging of intrathoracic tuberculous lymphadenitis in adults. The purpose of this study was to explore the multidetector CT features of intrathoracic tuberculous lymphadenitis in adults, and the correlation with clinical symptoms and pathologic changes. Methods Multidetector CT findings from 42 consecutive adult patients with intrathoracic tuberculous lymphadenitis were analyzed retrospectively with regard to locations, sizes, numbers, shapes, margins, and densities reviewing precontrast and enhanced images. CT results were correlated with clinical symptoms and pathologic results （n=37）. Results One hundred and eighty-five intrathoracic lymph nodes that had tuberculous lymphadenitis in 42 patients were distributed mainly in regions 4R （n=37）, 2R （n=33）, 7 （n=31） and 10R （n=21）, more than 2 regions were implicated in 34 patients. One hundred and twenty-two （72.2%） of the tuberculous lymphadenitis without confluence were oval or round with clear margins. On precontrast scanning, 78.4% of tuberculous lymphadenitis had a homogeneous density. Seven enhancement patterns were demonstrated in 169 tuberculous lymphadenitis from 37 patients with pathologic results： homogeneous enhancement with no clinical symptom （n=12）, corresponded pathologically to tuberculous hyperplasia without caseous necrosis; heterogeneous enhancement with a small central no enhancement area, slight clinical symptoms （n=22）, tuberculous granulomas with a little caseous necroses; peripheral irregular thick wall enhancement with a central area with no enhancement, slight clinical symptoms （n=52）, tuberculous granulomas with some caseous necroses in the center; peripheral thin rim enhancement with a central area having no enhancement, moderate clinical symptoms （n=36）, a few tuberculous granulomas with a great quantity of caseous necroses in the center; peripheral irregular enhancement without central enhancement, extending outside the capsule, severe clinical symptoms （n=4）, caseous necroses ruptured from capsule; peripheral irregular rim enhancement with central separate enhancement, severe clinical symptoms （n=40）, multiple lymph nodes with liquefaction of caseous necroses were adherent and confluent, rim and separation were tuberculous granulomas; no obvious enhancement, severe clinical symptoms （n=3）. Caseous necrosis was usually associated with little tuberculous granulomas. Conclusions The main multidetector CT features of intrathoracic tuberculous lymphadenitis in adults are involvement of multiregional lymph nodes with oval or round shape and clear margins, a basically homogeneous density on precontrast scanning, multiple enhancement patterns, and they correlate closely with clinical symptoms. Multidetector CT could reveal pathological changes of intrathoracic tuberculous lymphadenitis in adults.