Effects of air-sea coupling on the eastward propagating boreal winter intraseasonal oscillation over the tropical Indian Ocean

The effects of air-sea coupling over the tropical Indian Ocean（TIO） on the eastward propagating boreal winter intraseasonal oscillation（MJO） are investigated by comparing a fully coupled and a partially decoupled Indian Ocean experiment using the SINTEX-F coupled model.Air-sea coupling over the TIO significantly enhances the intensity of the eastward propagations of the MJO along the5°-10°S zonal areas.The zonal asymmetry of the SST anomaly（SSTA） is responsible for the enhanced eastward propagation.A positive SSTA appears to the east of the MJO convection,which results in the boundary layer moisture convergence and positively feeds back to the MJO convection.In addition,the air-sea interaction effect on the eastward propagation of the MJO is related to the interannual variations of the TIO.Air-sea coupling enhances（reduces） the eastward-propagating spectrum during the negative Indian Ocean dipole mode and positive Indian Ocean basin mode.Such phase dependence is attributed to the role of the background mean westerly in affecting the wind-evaporation-SST feedback.Air-sea coupling（decoupling） enhances（reduces） the zonal asymmetry of the low-level specific humidity,and thus the eastward propagation spectrum of the MJO.

Impacts of Sea Surface Temperature on the Interannual Variability of Winter Haze Days in Guangdong Province

The impact of sea surface temperature(SST)on winter haze in Guangdong province(WHDGD)was analyzed on the interannual scale.It was pointed out that the northern Indian Ocean and the northwest Pacific SST play a leading role in the variation of WHDGD.Cold(warm)SST anomalies over the northern Indian Ocean and the Northwest Pacific stimulate the eastward propagation of cold(warm)Kelvin waves through the Gill forced response,causing Ekman convergence(divergence)in the western Pacific,inducing abnormal cyclonic(anticyclonic)circulation.It excites the positive(negative)Western Pacific teleconnection pattern(WP),which results in the temperature and the precipitation decrease(increase)in Guangdong and forms the meteorological variables conditions that are conducive(not conducive)to the formation of haze.ENSO has an asymmetric influence on WHDGD.In El Niño(La Niña)winters,there are strong(weak)coordinated variations between the northern Indian Ocean,the northwest Pacific,and the eastern Pacific,which stimulate the negative(positive)phase of WP teleconnection.In El Niño winters,the enhanced moisture is attributed to the joint effects of the horizontal advection from the surrounding ocean,vertical advection from the moisture convergence,and the increased atmospheric apparent moisture sink(Q2)from soil evaporation.The weakening of the atmospheric apparent heat source(Q1)in the upper layer is not conducive to the formation of inversion stratification.In contrast,in La Niña winters,the reduced moisture is attributed to the reduced upward water vapor transport and Q2 loss.Due to the Q1 increase in the upper layer,the temperature inversion forms and suppresses the diffusion of haze.

体现大尺度特征的区域持续性强降水过程定义指标

利用1961—2017年共57年中国地面观测站日降水资料,采用滑动平均、百分位和点面相关分析等方法,根据延伸期预报特点以及监测预报和研究需求,着眼于体现强降水过程的区域性、持续性和致灾性,并兼顾区域气候特征和普适性,建立区域持续性强降水过程定义指标。根据该指标查找判断我国东部四个关键区域(华南、长江、黄淮、华北)的历史降水过程,1961—2017年期间共有557次区域持续性强降水过程,平均每年约10次,其中华南、长江、黄淮、华北分别有267、155、78、49次,平均每年各有4.7次、2.7次、1.4次和0.9次,呈由南向北递减的分布。统计评估结果表明,该指标能客观地判断出持续影响同一区域的相对稳定类型的大尺度持续性强降水过程,适用于延伸期业务服务和研究。

南海周边越赤道气流的多时间尺度变化特征及其与环流和降水的联系

利用NCAR/NCEP-1再分析资料、NOAA的OLR资料以及GPCP降水资料等,通过功率谱分析、超前滞后回归等方法,对夏季南海周边105°E、125°E以及150°E三支越赤道气流进行了多尺度特征分析,重点探讨三支越赤道气流季节内振荡与热带大气环流异常及南海周边降水的联系。结果表明,在季节内时间尺度上,105°E与125°E越赤道气流均具有10~20d以及30~60d低频振荡显著周期,而150°E越赤道气流则以10~20d周期为主。在年际尺度上,105°E、125°E、150°E越赤道气流分别具有2~4年、2~3年、2~6年振荡周期。无论是季内还是年际变化,皆以105°E与125°E这两支越赤道气流之间关系较密切。南亚-南海-西太平洋地区对流层低层10~20d振荡的气旋(对流加强)和反气旋(对流减弱)的环流活动变化,决定着105°E及125°E越赤道气流的10~20d振荡的演变。这两支越赤道气流之30~60d振荡所伴随的异常变化与热带夏季季节内振荡(BSISO)的演变过程非常相似,而150°E越赤道气流之30~60d振荡所伴随的异常低频环流则与南半球热带辐合带关系密切。105°E及125°E越赤道气流的季节内振荡及年际异常均与南海周边降水异常密切相关。