Membrane fouling is one of the most important challenges faced in membrane ultrafiltration operations. The copolymers of polysulfone-graft-methyl acrylate were synthesized by homogeneous photo-initiated graft copolyme...Membrane fouling is one of the most important challenges faced in membrane ultrafiltration operations. The copolymers of polysulfone-graft-methyl acrylate were synthesized by homogeneous photo-initiated graft copolymerization. The variables affecting the degree of grafting, such as the time of UV (Ultraviolet-visible) irradiation and the concentrations of the methyl acrylate and photoinitiator, were investigated. The graft copolymer membranes were prepared by the phase inversion method. The chemical and morphological changes were characterized by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR/FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy, and water contact angles measurements. Results revealed that methyl acrylate groups were present on the membranes and the graft degree of methyl acrylate had remarkable effect on the performance of membranes. Pure water contact angle on the membrane surface decreases with the increase of methyl acrylate graft degree, which indicated that the hydrophilicity of graft copolymer membranes was improved. The permeation fluxes of pure water and bovine serum albumin solution were measured to evaluate the antifouling property of graft copolymer membranes, the results of which have shown an enhancement of antifouling property for graft copolymer membranes.展开更多
目的探讨生长停滞特异性蛋白6(growth arrest-specifi c protein 6,Gas6)调控巨噬细胞极化在创面修复中的作用。方法采用清洁级雄性B6小鼠随机(随机数字法)分为正常组、皮肤缺损组、皮肤缺损组+生理盐水组、皮肤缺损+Gas6(1μg)组、皮...目的探讨生长停滞特异性蛋白6(growth arrest-specifi c protein 6,Gas6)调控巨噬细胞极化在创面修复中的作用。方法采用清洁级雄性B6小鼠随机(随机数字法)分为正常组、皮肤缺损组、皮肤缺损组+生理盐水组、皮肤缺损+Gas6(1μg)组、皮肤缺损+Gas6(5μg)组和皮肤缺损+Gas6(10μg)组,每组16只,其中10只用来观察各组小鼠皮肤创面愈合情况,剩余6只于造模后第5天分离创面组织巨噬细胞,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测IL-6,IL-10水平,RTPCR检测精氨酸酶-1(Arg-1)、诱导性一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的mRNA表达水平,流式细胞术检测巨噬细胞M1型标记物CD197和M2型标记物CD163、F4/80的表达,HE染色检测皮肤创面病理改变,Masson染色分析创面肉芽组织及胶原沉积情况。结果皮肤缺损造模后第3天伤口表面开始结痂。Gas6治疗组伤口面积小于PBS组,伤口愈合情况优于PBS组。与正常组相比,皮肤缺损组小鼠第5天巨噬细胞CD197的比例升高明显(P=0.0049)、CD163和F4/80双阳性的比例明显降低(P=0.0086)、IL-6水平明显升高(P=0.0013)、IL-10水平明显升高(P=0.0014)、iNOS mRNA水平明显升高(P=0.008)、Arg-1 mRNA水平明显降低(P=0.0121)、组织炎症浸润加重。与PBS对照组相比,Gas6治疗组CD197的比例明显下降(P=0.000)、CD163和F4/80双阳性比例明显升高(P=0.000)、IL-6水平明显降低(P=0.000)、IL-10水平明显升高(P=0.0003)、iNOS mRNA水平明显降低(P=0.0018)、Arg-1 mRNA水平明显升高(P=0.001)、组织炎性细胞减少,胶原纤维增多。结论Gas6可促使皮肤缺损小鼠巨噬细胞由M1向M2转化,加快缺损皮肤创面愈合。展开更多
文摘Membrane fouling is one of the most important challenges faced in membrane ultrafiltration operations. The copolymers of polysulfone-graft-methyl acrylate were synthesized by homogeneous photo-initiated graft copolymerization. The variables affecting the degree of grafting, such as the time of UV (Ultraviolet-visible) irradiation and the concentrations of the methyl acrylate and photoinitiator, were investigated. The graft copolymer membranes were prepared by the phase inversion method. The chemical and morphological changes were characterized by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR/FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy, and water contact angles measurements. Results revealed that methyl acrylate groups were present on the membranes and the graft degree of methyl acrylate had remarkable effect on the performance of membranes. Pure water contact angle on the membrane surface decreases with the increase of methyl acrylate graft degree, which indicated that the hydrophilicity of graft copolymer membranes was improved. The permeation fluxes of pure water and bovine serum albumin solution were measured to evaluate the antifouling property of graft copolymer membranes, the results of which have shown an enhancement of antifouling property for graft copolymer membranes.
文摘目的探讨生长停滞特异性蛋白6(growth arrest-specifi c protein 6,Gas6)调控巨噬细胞极化在创面修复中的作用。方法采用清洁级雄性B6小鼠随机(随机数字法)分为正常组、皮肤缺损组、皮肤缺损组+生理盐水组、皮肤缺损+Gas6(1μg)组、皮肤缺损+Gas6(5μg)组和皮肤缺损+Gas6(10μg)组,每组16只,其中10只用来观察各组小鼠皮肤创面愈合情况,剩余6只于造模后第5天分离创面组织巨噬细胞,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测IL-6,IL-10水平,RTPCR检测精氨酸酶-1(Arg-1)、诱导性一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的mRNA表达水平,流式细胞术检测巨噬细胞M1型标记物CD197和M2型标记物CD163、F4/80的表达,HE染色检测皮肤创面病理改变,Masson染色分析创面肉芽组织及胶原沉积情况。结果皮肤缺损造模后第3天伤口表面开始结痂。Gas6治疗组伤口面积小于PBS组,伤口愈合情况优于PBS组。与正常组相比,皮肤缺损组小鼠第5天巨噬细胞CD197的比例升高明显(P=0.0049)、CD163和F4/80双阳性的比例明显降低(P=0.0086)、IL-6水平明显升高(P=0.0013)、IL-10水平明显升高(P=0.0014)、iNOS mRNA水平明显升高(P=0.008)、Arg-1 mRNA水平明显降低(P=0.0121)、组织炎症浸润加重。与PBS对照组相比,Gas6治疗组CD197的比例明显下降(P=0.000)、CD163和F4/80双阳性比例明显升高(P=0.000)、IL-6水平明显降低(P=0.000)、IL-10水平明显升高(P=0.0003)、iNOS mRNA水平明显降低(P=0.0018)、Arg-1 mRNA水平明显升高(P=0.001)、组织炎性细胞减少,胶原纤维增多。结论Gas6可促使皮肤缺损小鼠巨噬细胞由M1向M2转化,加快缺损皮肤创面愈合。