This paper studies the optimal policy for joint control of admission, routing, service, and jockeying in a queueing system consisting of two exponential servers in parallel.Jobs arrive according to a Poisson process.U...This paper studies the optimal policy for joint control of admission, routing, service, and jockeying in a queueing system consisting of two exponential servers in parallel.Jobs arrive according to a Poisson process.Upon each arrival, an admission/routing decision is made, and the accepted job is routed to one of the two servers with each being associated with a queue.After each service completion, the servers have an option of serving a job from its own queue, serving a jockeying job from another queue, or staying idle.The system performance is inclusive of the revenues from accepted jobs, the costs of holding jobs in queues, the service costs and the job jockeying costs.To maximize the total expected discounted return, we formulate a Markov decision process(MDP) model for this system.The value iteration method is employed to characterize the optimal policy as a hedging point policy.Numerical studies verify the structure of the hedging point policy which is convenient for implementing control actions in practice.展开更多
污染物释放和转移登记(Pollutant Release and Transfer Register,PRTR)制度是国际上重要的化学品环境管理制度,对推动化学品环境安全管理、企业环境信息公开和污染减排具有重要作用.我国虽开展过相关试点工作,但尚未真正建立起PRTR制度...污染物释放和转移登记(Pollutant Release and Transfer Register,PRTR)制度是国际上重要的化学品环境管理制度,对推动化学品环境安全管理、企业环境信息公开和污染减排具有重要作用.我国虽开展过相关试点工作,但尚未真正建立起PRTR制度.借鉴国际经验,建立我国PRTR制度,对补齐有毒有害化学品环境管理短板以及构建多方共治的现代化环境管理体系十分必要.该研究选取国际上7个规模较大且相对完善的PRTR制度作为研究对象,并选择两种特定的化学物质--汞和含汞化合物以及苯,对研究对象的核心技术要素进行横向对比,结果表明:研究对象的共同点为按照一套工业分类系统界定出需要管理的行业范围,设置分类管控的化学品清单,以及对不同化学品设定具体的报告阈值;不同点为覆盖化学品种类和分类方式不同以及报告阈值表征方式不同,且同一特定化学品的阈值设定不同,甚至差别较大.基于对比研究结果,总结国际经验,提出了建立实施我国PRTR制度的相关建议:①制定完善的PRTR核心技术体系,包括按照《国民经济行业分类》界定覆盖行业范围,参考加拿大和墨西哥PRTR制度设置分类管控的化学品清单,结合使用释放量阈值、生产加工和以其他方式使用量(MPO)阈值、企业规模阈值等表征方式分类设置化学品报告阈值;②从法律政策、社会认知和试点实践等方面逐步推动建立PRTR制度;③加强与美国、加拿大、欧盟和经合组织(OECD)等国家和组织的沟通合作,强化我国PRTR制度设计的国际规范性.展开更多
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China (19BGL100)。
文摘This paper studies the optimal policy for joint control of admission, routing, service, and jockeying in a queueing system consisting of two exponential servers in parallel.Jobs arrive according to a Poisson process.Upon each arrival, an admission/routing decision is made, and the accepted job is routed to one of the two servers with each being associated with a queue.After each service completion, the servers have an option of serving a job from its own queue, serving a jockeying job from another queue, or staying idle.The system performance is inclusive of the revenues from accepted jobs, the costs of holding jobs in queues, the service costs and the job jockeying costs.To maximize the total expected discounted return, we formulate a Markov decision process(MDP) model for this system.The value iteration method is employed to characterize the optimal policy as a hedging point policy.Numerical studies verify the structure of the hedging point policy which is convenient for implementing control actions in practice.
文摘污染物释放和转移登记(Pollutant Release and Transfer Register,PRTR)制度是国际上重要的化学品环境管理制度,对推动化学品环境安全管理、企业环境信息公开和污染减排具有重要作用.我国虽开展过相关试点工作,但尚未真正建立起PRTR制度.借鉴国际经验,建立我国PRTR制度,对补齐有毒有害化学品环境管理短板以及构建多方共治的现代化环境管理体系十分必要.该研究选取国际上7个规模较大且相对完善的PRTR制度作为研究对象,并选择两种特定的化学物质--汞和含汞化合物以及苯,对研究对象的核心技术要素进行横向对比,结果表明:研究对象的共同点为按照一套工业分类系统界定出需要管理的行业范围,设置分类管控的化学品清单,以及对不同化学品设定具体的报告阈值;不同点为覆盖化学品种类和分类方式不同以及报告阈值表征方式不同,且同一特定化学品的阈值设定不同,甚至差别较大.基于对比研究结果,总结国际经验,提出了建立实施我国PRTR制度的相关建议:①制定完善的PRTR核心技术体系,包括按照《国民经济行业分类》界定覆盖行业范围,参考加拿大和墨西哥PRTR制度设置分类管控的化学品清单,结合使用释放量阈值、生产加工和以其他方式使用量(MPO)阈值、企业规模阈值等表征方式分类设置化学品报告阈值;②从法律政策、社会认知和试点实践等方面逐步推动建立PRTR制度;③加强与美国、加拿大、欧盟和经合组织(OECD)等国家和组织的沟通合作,强化我国PRTR制度设计的国际规范性.
