The chemical characteristics of different sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate sources and their relative bioavailabilities for broilers fed with a conventional corn‑soybean meal diet

Background Our previous studies demonstrated that divalent organic iron(Fe)proteinate sources with higher complexation or chelation strengths as expressed by the greater quotient of formation(Qf)values displayed higher Fe bioavailabilities for broilers.Sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate(NaFeEDTA)is a trivalent organic Fe source with the strongest chelating ligand EDTA.However,the bioavailability of Fe when administered as NaFeEDTA in broilers and other agricultural animals remains untested.Herein,the chemical characteristics of 12 NaFeEDTA products were determined.Of these,one feed grade NaFeEDTA(Qf=2.07×10^(8)),one food grade NaFeEDTA(Qf=3.31×10^(8)),and one Fe proteinate with an extremely strong chelation strength(Fe-Prot ES,Qf value=8,590)were selected.Their bioavailabilities relative to Fe sulfate(FeSO_(4)·7H_(2)O)for broilers fed with a conventional corn-soybean meal diet were evaluated during d 1 to 21 by investigating the effects of the above Fe sources and added Fe levels on the growth performance,hematological indices,Fe contents,activities and gene expressions of Fe-containing enzymes in various tissues of broilers.Results NaFeEDTA sources varied greatly in their chemical characteristics.Plasma Fe concentration(PI),transferrin saturation(TS),liver Fe content,succinate dehydrogenase(SDH)activities in liver,heart,and kidney,catalase(CAT)activity in liver,and SDH mRNA expressions in liver and kidney increased linearly(P<0.05)with increasing levels of Fe supplementation.However,differences among Fe sources were detected(P<0.05)only for PI,liver Fe content,CAT activity in liver,SDH activities in heart and kidney,and SDH mRNA expressions in liver and kidney.Based on slope ratios from multiple linear regressions of the above indices on daily dietary analyzed Fe intake,the average bioavailabilities of Fe-Prot ES,feed grade NaFeEDTA,and food grade NaFeEDTA relative to the inorganic FeSO_(4)·7H_(2)O(100%)for broilers were 139%,155%,and 166%,respectively.Conclusions The bioavailabilities of organic Fe sources relative to FeSO_(4)·7H_(2)O were closely related to their Qf values,and NaFeEDTA sources with higher Qf values showed higher Fe bioavailabilities for broilers fed with a conventional corn-soybean meal diet.

Tumor cell membrane-coated continuous electrochemical sensor for GLUT1 inhibitor screening

Glucose transporter 1(GLUT1)overexpression in tumor cells is a potential target for drug therapy,but few studies have reported screening GLUT1 inhibitors from natural or synthetic compounds.With current analysis techniques,it is difficult to accurately monitor the GLUT1 inhibitory effect of drug molecules in real-time.We developed a cell membrane-based glucose sensor(CMGS)that integrated a hydrogel electrode with tumor cell membranes to monitor GLUT1 transmembrane transport and screen for GLUT1 inhibitors in traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs).CMGS is compatible with cell membranes of various origins,including different types of tumors and cell lines with GLUT1 expression knocked down by small interfering RNA or small molecules.Based on CMGS continuous monitoring technique,we investigated the glucose transport kinetics of cell membranes with varying levels of GLUT1 expression.We used CMGS to determine the GLUT1-inhibitory effects of drug monomers with similar structures from Scutellaria baicalensis and catechins families.Results were consistent with those of the cellular glucose uptake test and molecular-docking simulation.CMGS could accurately screen drug molecules in TCMs that inhibit GLUT1,providing a new strategy for studying transmembrane protein-receptor interactions.

对城镇管道天然气泄漏应急处置能力的思考

近年来由于管道天然气爆炸造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失的事故时有发生,笔者针对收集的7起国内管道天然气爆炸典型案例,采用故障树分析法对事故的安全风险进行了评估,在此基础上提出了提升应急预案的针对性和可操作性、正确安装可燃气体报警器、加强危险区域警戒和人员紧急疏散、加强安全教育和宣传等4条管道天然气泄漏的应急处置对策措施,以有效避免天然气泄漏事故进一步扩大。

两种检测HAV-IgM试剂的敏感性评价

目的对国内市场上应用较广的两种甲型肝炎病毒抗体(HAV-Ig M)检测试剂进行敏感性评价。方法收集疑似HAV感染者的血清标本,以美国雅培公司的HAV-Ig M试剂检测结果作为金标准,评价北京万泰生物药业股份有限公司和北京现代高达生物技术有限责任公司两种检测HAV-Ig M试剂的敏感性;比较两种HAV-Ig M试剂样本值/临界值(S/CO)的相关性;评价两种检测HAV-Ig M试剂的一致性。结果万泰HAV-Ig M检测试剂和高达HAV-Ig M检测试剂的敏感性分别为94.3%、97.1%,特异性分别为85.2%、91.3%;万泰、高达与雅培HAV-Ig M检测试剂S/CO值有相关(r=0.597和0.541,均P=0.000);万泰、高达与雅培HAV-Ig M检测试剂结果均高度一致(K=0.648和0.772,均P=0.000)。结论万泰、高达试剂均有很好的检测性能,为临床检测和人群血清流行病学调查参考试剂选择提供重要参考依据。

一种HBV DNA定量检测试剂的准确性分析

目的评价一种新型HBV DNA定量检测试剂的准确性。方法将第3代HBV DNA WHO国际标准品稀释为6种不同梯度浓度样本,8.5×10~5、8.5×10~4、8.5×10~3、8.5×10~2、85及42.5 IU/ml,用待评价试剂care HBV PCR Assay V3.0检测,并对实测值和理论值进行相关性分析;以Cobas Taqman HBV V2.0为参比试剂,用care HBV PCR Assay V3.0检测93份HBV感染者标本和30份健康者标本HBV DNA含量,并对2种试剂定量检测结果进行相关性和一致性分析;采用巢式PCR扩增漏检标本的HBV S区,直接测序法测定其基因型。结果 care HBV PCR Assay V3.0检测WHO国际标准品的实测值和理论值具有线性相关;2种定量试剂检测93份HBV感染者标本结果均阳性共68份,检测结果呈线性相关,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但care HBV PCR Assay V3.0检测值相对偏低;care HBV PCR Assay V3.0检测有14份标本漏检,其中13份标本Cobas Taqman HBV V2.0检测结果位于30~2 000 IU/ml间;对1份漏检标本的基因型检测结果为C型。结论 care HBV PCR Assay V3.0与Cobas Taqman HBV V2.0试剂检测结果有较好的相关性,但对基因型C型的标本可能存在漏检现象。

基于苯基功能化纤维状Fe3O4@SiO2@KCC-1的磁性固相萃取-高效液相色谱测定环境水样中的邻苯二甲酸酯

本文采用共聚法制备了一种新型苯基功能化纤维状Fe3O4@SiO2@KCC-1(Fe3O4@SiO2@KCC-1-phenyl)材料,用于环境水样中邻苯二甲酸酯的磁性萃取.制备的Fe3O4@SiO2@KCC-1-phenyl展现了单分散的球形纤维状、较强的磁性(29 emu/g)和一个丰富的π电子体系.研究和优化了洗脱溶剂的种类、吸附剂的用量、萃取时间和可重复使用性等因素对分析物萃取效率的影响.在最佳条件下,用高效液相色谱方法,采用Fe3O4@SiO2@KCC-1-phenyl萃取分离及测定环境水样中的邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物.结果表明,本方法具有良好的线性(0.1~20 ng/mL)、低的检测限(7.5~29μg/L,S/N=3).将该方法应用于不同环境水样中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的测定,回收率为93%~103.4%,相对标准偏差为0.8%~8.3%.

Body mass index and serum lipid profile influence serum prostate-specific antigen in Chinese men younger than 50 years of age

这研究是估计能影响浆液的潜在的因素前列腺特定的在健康的更年轻的人的抗原(PSA ) 水平。我们在收到了平淡的健康考试的 6774 个中国人(年老的 20-49 年) 与浆液 PSA 水平评估了年龄，身体团索引(BMI ) 和浆液类脂化合物侧面的协会。合格的人被分类进 10 年的年龄组。BMI 作为不足的重量被分类(&#x0003c； 18.5 ) ，正常(18.5-22.9 ) ，过重(23.0-24.9 ) ，肥胖(25.0-29.9 ) 并且很肥胖(&#x0003e； 30 ) 根据重新定义的世界健康组织() 为亚太区域的标准。PSA 层次也在组之中被比较。在多重线性回归分析， PSA 断然与年龄被相关(P&#x0003c； 0.0001 ) 。否定关联在 PSA 和 BMI 之间存在(P&#x0003c； 0.0001 ) 并且 triglyceride 水平(P=0.01 ) 。没有关系能在 PSA 和浆液胆固醇或高密度的脂蛋白(P=0.711 ) 之间被发现(HDL；P =0.665 ) 。另外，我们发现浆液 PSA 层次与年龄增加了并且与 BMI 减少了。我们的学习证明年龄， BMI 和 triglyceride 层次在人 &#x0003c 影响 PSA 水平； 50 岁。

经皮椎间孔镜联合射频臭氧消融术治疗合并高信号区腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效

目的观察运用经皮椎间孔镜(PELD)联合射频臭氧消融术治疗合并高信号区(HIZ)腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析该科2016年1月-2018年1月完成PELD联合射频消融手术的患者资料,最终纳入具有完整随访资料的患者37例。其中,男21例,女16例;年龄32~70岁,平均52.5岁。分别于术前、出院时、术后1个月和末次随访时采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)记录患者腰腿痛情况、Oswestry功能障碍指数评分(ODI)评估腰椎功能改善情况和改良MacNab标准评价患者的手术疗效。结果手术时间60~120 min,平均75 min;出血5~10 mL,平均6 mL。术中无硬膜囊撕裂、脑脊液漏、椎间盘炎等并发症出现;术后3个月1例患者同节段复发,予以椎间孔镜翻修。所有患者随访12~24个月,平均16.8个月。37例患者术前腰、腿痛VAS评分分别为(7.83±1.26)和(8.25±0.23)分、出院时为(2.80±1.34)和(3.07±1.25)分、术后1个月为(2.14±1.15)和(2.38±1.27)分、末次随访为(2.05±0.79)和(1.64±0.52)分;术前ODI评分为(75.31±15.34)分、出院时为(28.14±8.53)分、术后1个月为(16.16±7.58)分、末次随访为(11.42±4.13)分,术前术后比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。改良MacNab标准评价临床疗效,其中优30例、良5例、可1例、差1例,优良率为94.59%。结论PELD联合射频臭氧消融术治疗合并HIZ的LDH疗效确切,患者腰腿痛症状均明显改善,且具有创伤小、出血少、恢复快、术后并发症少和安全性高等优点,值得临床推广。

Effect of low-level laser therapy on tooth-related pain and somatosensory function evoked by orthodontic treatment

Low-level laser therapy(LLLT) may have an effect on the pain associated with orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of LLLT on pain and somatosensory sensitization induced by orthodontic treatment. Forty individuals(12–33 years old; mean ± standard deviations: 20.8 ± 5.9 years) scheduled to receive orthodontic treatment were randomly divided into a laser group(LG) or a placebo group(PG)(1:1). The LG received LLLT(810-nm gallium-aluminium-arsenic diode laser in continuous mode with the power set at 400 mW, 2 J·cm–2) at 0 h, 2 h, 24 h, 4 d, and 7 d after treatment, and the PG received inactive treatment at the same time points. In both groups, the non-treated side served as a control. A numerical rating scale(NRS) of pain, pressure pain thresholds(PPTs), cold detection thresholds(CDTs), warmth detection thresholds(WDTs), cold pain thresholds(CPTs), and heat pain thresholds(HPTs) were tested on both sides at the gingiva and canine tooth and on the hand. The data were analysed by a repeated measures analysis of variance(ANOVA). The NRS pain scores were significantly lower in the LG group(P = 0.01). The CDTs,CPTs, WDTs, HPTs, and PPTs at the gingiva and the PPTs at the canine tooth were significantly less sensitive on the treatment side of the LG compared with that of the PG(P < 0.033). The parameters tested also showed significantly less sensitivity on the nontreatment side of the LG compared to that of the PG(P < 0.043). There were no differences between the groups for any quantitative sensory testing(QST) measures of the hand. The application of LLLT appears to reduce the pain and sensitivity of the tooth and gingiva associated with orthodontic treatment and may have contralateral effects within the trigeminal system but no generalized QST effects. Thus, the present study indicated a significant analgesia effect of LLLT application during orthodontic treatment.Further clinical applications are suggested.

Response of nitrogen mineralization dynamics and biochemical properties to litter amendments to soils of a poplar plantation

Understanding the impact of plant litters on soil nitrogen(N) dynamics could facilitate development of management strategies that promote plantation ecosystem function.Our objective was to evaluate the effects of different litter types on N mineralization and availability,microbial biomass, and activities of L-asparaginase and odiphenol oxidase(o-DPO) in soils of a poplar(Populus deltoides) plantation through 24 weeks of incubation experiments.The tested litters included foliage(F), branch(B), or root(R) of poplar trees, and understory vegetation(U) or a mixture of F, B, and U(M).Litter amendments led to rapid N immobilization during the first 4 weeks of incubation, while net N mineralization was detected in all tested soils from 6 to 24 weeks of incubation, with zeroorder reaction rate constants(k) ranging from 7.7 to9.6 mg N released kg^(-1) soil wk^(-1).Moreover, litter addition led to increased microbial biomass carbon(C) 49–128% and increased MBC:MBN ratio by 5–92%,strengthened activities of L-asparaginase and o-DPO by14–74%; Up to about 37 kg N ha^(-1) net increase in mineralized N in litter added soils during 24 weeks of incubation suggests that adequate poplar and understory litter management could lead to reduced inputs while facilitate sustainable and economic viable plantation production.

Effects of purified herbal extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza on lipid profile in hyperlipidemic patients

背景和客观 Hyperlipidemia 是大多数之一为冠的心疾病(CHD ) 的有势力和最好证实的风险因素。净化的鼠尾草植物 miltiorrhiza 摘录(PSME ) 被显示了在动物实验有 hypolipidemic 效果。这研究试图在 hyperlipidemic 病人评估它的 iipids modulating 效果。在这的方法单个窗帘，安慰剂控制了学习， 80 个 hyperlipidemic 病人的类脂化合物侧面以一样的条件被检查。他们随机被划分成二个相等的组(40 个病人创作的各个) 。他们每天，或安慰剂药片被给 PSME 药片(800 mg ) 三次。所有病人被放在 NCEP 类型节食，六个星期以后，类脂化合物侧面被检查。在 PSME 组，的结果总计胆固醇由 27.32 mg/dl (12.3% 减小) 减少了， LDL 胆固醇由 23.13 mg/dl (16.8% 减小) 减少了， HDL 胆固醇由 9.06 mg/dl (11.1%) 增加了，都是统计上重要的。尽管 triglyceride 去了 12.12， mg/dl (5.1%) 而是这不统计上是重要的(P=-0.34 ) 。在安慰剂组没有重要变化 oflipids 层次。结论 PSME 穿上重要有利效果总计胆固醇， LDL 胆固醇，和 HDL 胆固醇并且可以是为治疗 ofatherogenic dyslipidemia 的一个潜在的代理人。

A self-guidance biological hybrid drug delivery system driven by anaerobes to inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of colon cancer

Colorectal cancer is often accompanied by multiple organ metastasis.Anaerobic Bifidobacterium Infantis(BI)bacterial can selectively grow in hypoxic colorectal tumor microenvironment(TME),to own the natural advantage of preferentially colorectal tumor targeting.Herein,a self-guidance biological hybrid drug delivery system(BI-ES-Fe Alg/DOX)based on BI was constructed to inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of colon cancer.Results demonstrated that BI-ES-Fe Alg/DOX could overcome physical barriers to target and accumulate in colon tumor tissues.Then DOX was released to kill tumor cells along with the phase transition(solid to liquid)of Fe Alg hydrogel,due to Fe3+was reduced to Fe^(2+)by intracellular GSH.Meanwhile,BI-ES selectively colonized into tumors and expressed endostatin(ES)protein to down-regulate VEGF and b FGF expression,exerting anti-angiogenic effect.Moreover,Fe Alg catalyzed H_(2)O_(2)in the local tumor to generate cytotoxic·OH,further enhancing the antitumor effect.The pharmacodynamic result in AOM/DSS model proved that BI-ES-Fe Alg/DOX had the best therapeutic effect,with the final V/V0of 2.19±0.57,which was significantly lower than the other groups.Meanwhile,on CT-26tumor-bearing model,it also showed an outstanding anti-tumor effect with inhibition rate of 82.12%±3.08%.In addition,lung metastases decreased significantly in tumor metastasis model after BI-ES-Fe Alg/DOX treatment.

Design of a novel high holding voltage LVTSCR with embedded clamping diode

In order to reduce the latch-up risk of the traditional low-voltage-triggered silicon controlled rectifier(LVTSCR), a novel LVTSCR with embedded clamping diode(DC-LVTSCR) is proposed and verified in a 0.18-μm CMOS process. By embedding a p+implant region into the drain of NMOS in the traditional LVTSCR, a reversed Zener diode is formed by the p+implant region and the n+bridge, which helps to improve the holding voltage and decrease the snapback region.The physical mechanisms of the LVTSCR and DC-LVTSCR are investigated in detail by transmission line pulse(TLP)tests and TCAD simulations. The TLP test results show that, compared with the traditional LVTSCR, the DC-LVTSCR exhibits a higher holding voltage of 6.2 V due to the embedded clamping diode. By further optimizing a key parameter of the DC-LVTSCR, the holding voltage can be effectively increased to 8.7 V. Therefore, the DC-LVTSCR is a promising ESD protection device for circuits with the operation voltage of 5.5–7 V.

Usefulness of prenatal magnetic resonance imaging in differential diagnosis of fetal congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation and bronchopulmonary sequestration

BACKGROUND Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation(CCAM)and bronchopulmonary sequestration(BPS)are the most common lung diseases in fetuses.There are differences in the prognosis and treatment of CCAM and BPS,and the clinical diagnosis and treatment plan is usually prepared prior to birth.Therefore,it is quite necessary to make a clear diagnosis before delivery.CCAM and BPS have similar imaging features,and the differentiation mainly relies on the difference in supply vessels.However,it is hard to distinguish them due to invisible supplying vessels on some images.AIM To explore the application value of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in the differential diagnosis of fetal CCAM and BPS.METHODS Data analysis for 32 fetuses with CCAM and 14 with BPS diagnosed by prenatal MRI at Huzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital and Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital from January 2017 to January 2020 was performed to observe the source blood vessels of lesions and their direction.Pathological confirmation was completed through CT examination and/or operations after birth.RESULTS After birth,31 cases after birth were confirmed to be CCAM,and 15 were confirmed to be BPS.The CCAM group consisted of 21 macrocystic cases and 10 microcystic cases.In 18 cases,blood vessels were visible in lesions.Blood supply of the pulmonary artery could be traced in eight cases,and in 10 cases,only vessels running from the midline to the lateral down direction were observed.No lesions were found in four macrocystic cases and one microcystic case with CCAM through CT after birth;two were misdiagnosed by MRI,and three were misdiagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography.The BPS group consisted of 12 intralobar cases and three extralobar cases.Blood vessels were visible in lesions of nine cases,in four of which,the systemic circulation blood supply could be traced,and in five of which,only vessels running from the midline to the lateral up direction were observed.Three were misdiagnosed by MRI,and four were misdiagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography.CONCLUSION CCAM and BPS can be clearly diagnosed based on the origin of blood vessels,and correct diagnosis can be made according to the difference in the direction of the blood vessels,but it is hard distinguish microcystic CCAM and BPS without supplying vessels.In some CCAM cases,mainly the macrocystic ones,the lesions may disappear after birth.

CLASSIFICATION OF SKIN AUTOFLUORESCENCE SPECTRUM USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES SCREENING

Advanced glycation end products(AGEs)are a complex and heterogencous group of compounds that have been implicated in diabetes related complfcations.Sk in autofluorescence was recently introduced as an altemative tool for skin AGEs accumulation assessment in diabetes.Sucossful optical diagnosis of diabetes requires a rapid and accurate classification algorithm.In order to improve the performance of noninvasive and optical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes,support vector machines(SVM)algorithm was implemented for the clasification of skin autofluorescence from diabetics and control subjects.Cross-validation and grid optimization methods were employed to calculate the optimal parameters that ma ximize classification accuracy.Classification model was set up according to the training set and then veri fied by the testing set.The results show that radical basis fiunction is the best choice in the four common kernels in SVM.Moreover,a diagnostic accuracy of 82.61%,a sensitivity of 69.57%,and a specificity of 95.65%for discriminating diabetics from control subjects were achieved using a mixed kemel function,which is based on liner kernel function and radical basis function.In comparison with fasting plasma glucose and HbAue test,the clasifcation method of skin autofuorescence spectrum based on SVM shows great potential in screening of diabetes.

Comparison of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of mandibular condylar osteochondroma

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) for the detection of mandibular condylar osteochondroma.Methods Preoperative CT and MRI of 33 patients with unilateral condylar osteochondroma were reviewed. The morphology, location, continuity with the parent bone, cartilage cap, perichondrium of tumors, and changes in soft and hard tissues adjacent to the lesions were investigated by two reviewers. Data were analyzed using Mc Nemar test. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant.Results Among the 33 condylar osteochondromas, 11 were of the diffuse type, 10 were of the sessile type, and 12 were of the pedunculated type. Continuity with the cortex and marrow of the host condyle was observed on both CT and MRI. Both modalities had identical detection rates of surface reconstruction of the temporal bone joint, condylar dislocation, and pseudarthrosis formation. However, MRI showed significantly higher detection rates of the cartilage cap and perichondrium than CT(P < 0.05). Furthermore, MRI showed ipsilateral and contralateral temporo-mandibular joint(TMJ) disc displacement in 4 cases and 6 cases, respectively, and ipsilateral and contralateral TMJ effusion in 20 cases and 14 cases, respectively.Conclusion CT can intuitively display the morphology and spatial location of condylar osteochondromas through three-dimensional reconstruction. MRI may be superior to CT in the detection of cartilage cap, perichondrium of the condylar osteochondroma, and changes in the TMJ and adjacent soft tissues.

Clinicopathological and biological significance ofcripto overexpression in human colon cancer

AIM:To assess the clinicopathological and biological significance of cripto in human colorectal cancer.METHODS:Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was used to examine cripto mRNA levels in primary colon cancer and normal colon tissues as well as normal and metastatic lymph nodes from colon cancers.Human colon cancer LS-174T cells were transfected with cripto small interfering RNA(siRNA),and mRNA and protein levels were evaluated using real-time PCR and western blot analysis,respectively.The growth of cancer cells was evaluated using the MTT assay and colony formation in soft agar.Invasion was examined using a Transwell assay,and the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-7 and MMP-9were determined using western blot assay.RESULTS:Cripto was significantly overexpressed in primary colon cancer and metastatic lymph nodes.Silencing cripto gene expression with cripto siRNA resulted in a significant decrease in colony formation in soft agar in the colon cancer cell line LS-174T.Cripto siRNA treatment decreased the migration and invasion capabilities of the colon cancer cell line LS-174T in vitro.Furthermore,cripto siRNA treatment inhibited the expression of matrix MMP-7 and MMP-9.CONCLUSION:The results provide evidence that cripto siRNA could be an effective approach for the inhibition of cancer cell invasion and migration and thus has potential for use in devising novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for colon cancer metastasis.

Longevity Chance

Britton Chance pursued his research and sailing until his death at age 97.His 100th anniversary was memorialized in this paperfrom longevity viewpoint.His ielong work was very creative.Hislife was very colorful.His aging was very sucesful.He has lived a longevity.

Constraining Mass of M31 Combing Kinematics of Stars,Planetary Nebulae and Globular clusters

We construct a multiple-population discrete axisymmetric Jeans model for the Andromeda(M31)galaxy,considering three populations of kinematic tracers:48 supergiants and 721 planetary nebulae(PNe)in the bulge and disk regions,554 globular clusters extending to~30 kpc,and halo stars extending to~150 kpc of the galaxy.The three populations of tracers are organized in the same gravitational potential,while each population is allowed to have its own spatial distribution,rotation,and internal velocity anisotropy.The gravitational potential is a combination of stellar mass and a generalized NFW dark matter halo.We created two sets of models,one with a cusped dark matter halo and one with a cored dark matter halo.Both the cusped and cored model fit kinematics of all the three populations well,but the cored model is not preferred due to a too high concentration compared to that predicted from cosmological simulations.With a cusped dark matter halo,we obtained total stellar mass of 1.0±0.1×10^(11)M_(☉),dark matter halo virial mass of M_(200)=7.0±0.9×10^(11)M_(☉),virial radius of r_(200)=184±4 kpc,and concentration of c=20±4.The mass of M31 we obtained is at the lower side of the allowed ranges in the literature and consistent with the previous results obtained from the HⅠrotation curve and PNe kinematics.Velocity dispersion profile of the outer stellar halo is important in constraining the total mass while it is still largely uncertain.Further proper motion of bright sources from Gaia or the Chinese Space Station Telescope might help on improving the data and lead to stronger constraints on the total mass of M31.

PHOTOBIOMODULATION-MEDIATED PATHW AY DIAGNOSTICS

Cellular pathways are ordinarily diagnosed with pathway inhibitors,related gene regulation,or fuorescent protein markers.They are also suggested to be diagnosed with pathway activation modulation of photobiomod ulation(PBM)in this paper.A PBM on a biosystem function depends on whether the biosystem is in its function-specific homeostasis(FSH).An FSH,a negative feedback response for the function to be performed perfectly,is maintained by its FSH-essential subfunctions and its FSH-non-essential subfunctions(FNSs).A function in its FSH or far from its FSH is called a normal or dysfunctional function.A direct PBM may self-adaptatively modulate a dysfunctional function until it is normal so that it can be used to discover the optimum pathways for an FSH to be established.An indirect PBM may self adaptatively modulate a dysfunctional FNS of a normal function until the FNS is normal,and the normal function is then upgraded so that it can be used to discover the redundant pathways for a normal function to be upgraded.