Investigation and Analysis on the Status Quo of College Students’Network Entrepreneurship in Private University

This year,the number college graduates in China surpassed tens of millions for the first time.The employment rate of fresh graduates has been concerning.In view of this,network entrepreneurship has become an important channel and platform to solve the problem of college students’employment.The government,society and universities has been actively encouraging college students'network entrepreneurship as the value of college students'network entrepreneurship is significant.This paper analyzes the current situation of college students'network entrepreneurship and the problems faced through the survey data and thus suggests corresponding countermeasures.

Insights into multisource sludge distributed in the Yangtze River basin, China: Characteristics,correlation, treatment and disposal

Sludge is the by-product of wastewater treatment process. Multisource sludge can be defined as sludge from different sources. Based on the sludge properties of five typical cities in the Yangtze River basin, including Jiujiang, Wuhu, Lu’an, Zhenjiang and Wuhan, this study investigated and summarized the characteristic variations and distribution differences of multiple indicators and substances from municipal sludge, dredged sludge, and river and lake sediments. The results demonstrated pH of multisource sludge was relatively stable in the neutral range. Organic matter and water content among municipal sludge were high and varied considerably between different wastewater treatment plants. Dredged sludge had an obviously higher sand content and wider particle distribution, which could be considered for graded utilization depending on its size. The nutrients composition of river and lake sediments was usually stable and special, with lower nitrogen and phosphorus content but higher potassium levels. The sources of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants in multisource sludge were correlated, generally much higher among municipal sludge than dredged sludge and river and lake sediments, which were the most important limitation for final land utilization. Despite various properties of multisource sludge, the final fate and destination have some overall similarities, which need to be supplemented and improved by standards and laws. The study provided a preliminary analysis of suitable technical routes for municipal sludge, dredged sludge, river and lake sediments based on their different characteristics respectively, which was of great significance for multisource sludge co-treatment and disposal in the future of China.

A new process to improve short-chain fatty acids and bio-methane generation from waste activated sludge

As an important intermediate product, short-chain fatty acids（SCFAs） can be generated after hydrolysis and acidification from waste activated sludge, and then can be transformed to methane during anaerobic digestion process. In order to obtain more SCFA and methane,most studies in literatures were centered on enhancing the hydrolysis of sludge anaerobic digestion which was proved as un-efficient. Though the alkaline pretreatment in our previous study increased both the hydrolysis and acidification processes, it had a vast chemical cost which was considered uneconomical. In this paper, a low energy consumption pretreatment method, i.e. enhanced the whole three stages of the anaerobic fermentation processes at the same time, was reported, by which hydrolysis and acidification were both enhanced, and the SCFA and methane generation can be significantly improved with a small quantity of chemical input. Firstly, the effect of different pretreated temperatures and pretreatment time on sludge hydrolyzation was compared. It was found that sludge pretreated at 100°C for 60 min can achieve the maximal hydrolyzation. Further, effects of different initial p Hs on acidification of the thermal pretreated sludge were investigated and the highest SCFA was observed at initial p H 9.0with fermentation time of 6 d, the production of which was 348.63 mg COD/g VSS（6.8 times higher than the blank test） and the acetic acid was dominant acid. Then, the mechanisms for this new pretreatment significantly improving SCFA production were discussed. Finally,the effect of this low energy consumption pretreatment on methane generation was investigated.

Near-infrared chemiluminescent carbon nanogels for oncology imaging and therapy

Carbon nanogels(CNGs)with dual ability of reactive oxygen species(ROS)imaging and photodynamic therapy have been designed with selfassembled chemiluminescent carbonized polymer dots(CPDs).With efficient deep-red/near-infrared chemiluminescence(CL)emission and distinctive photodynamic capacity,the H2O2-driven chemiluminescent CNGs are further designed by assembling the polymeric conjugate and CL donors,enabling an in vitro and in vivo ROS bioimaging capability in animal inflammation models and a high-performance therapy for xenograft tumors.Mechanistically,ROS generated in inflammatory sites or tumor microenvironment can trigger the chemically initiated electron exchange luminescence in the chemical reaction of peroxalate and H2O2,enabling in vivo CL imaging.Meanwhile,part of the excited-state electrons will transfer to the ambient H2O or dissolved oxygen and in turn lead to the type I and type II photochemical ROS production of hydroxyl radicals or singlet oxygen,endowing the apoptosis of tumor cells and thus enabling cancer therapy.These results open up a new avenue for the design of multifunctional nanomaterials for bioimaging and antienoplastic agents.

Effects of the slot width and angular position on the mode splitting in slotted optical microdisk resonator

A novel slotted optical microdisk resonator, which significantly enhances light–matter interaction and provides a promising approach for increasing the sensitivity of sensors, is theoretically and numerically investigated. In this slotted resonator, the mode splitting is generated due to reflection of the slot. Remarkably, effects of the slot width and angular position on the mode splitting are mainly studied. The results reveal that the mode splitting is a second function of the slot width, and the maximum mode splitting induced by the slot deformation is achieved with 2.7853 × 10~9Hz∕nm. Therefore, the slotted resonator is an excellent candidate for pressure and force sensing. Besides, the influence of the slot angular position on the mode splitting is a cosine curve with the highest sensitivity of 1.23 × 10^(11)Hz∕deg; thus, the optical characteristic demonstrates that the slotted resonator can be used for inertial measurements.