Investigation of the feasibility of NRAV as a biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma

The long non-coding RNA,Negative Regulator of Antiviral Response(NRAV)has been identified as a participant in both respiratory virus replication and immune checkpoints,however,its involvement in pan-cancer immune regulation and prognosis,particularly those of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),remains unclear.To address this knowledge gap,we analyzed expression profiles obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database,comparing normal and malignant tumor tissues.We found that NRAV expression is significantly upregulated in tumor tissues compared to adjacent nontumor tissues.Kaplan-Meier(K-M)analysis revealed the prognostic power of NRAV,wherein overexpression was significantly linked to reduced overall survival in a diverse range of tumor patients.Furthermore,noteworthy associations were observed between NRAV,immune checkpoints,immune cell infiltration,genes related to autophagy,epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),pyroptosis,tumor mutational burden(TMB),and microsatellite instability(MSI)across different cancer types,including HCC.Moreover,NRAV upregulation expression was associated with multiple pathological stages by clinical observations.Furthermore,our investigation revealed a substantial elevation in the expression of NRAV in both HCC tumor tissues and cells compared to normal tissues and cells.The inhibition of NRAV resulted in the inhibition of cell proliferation,migration,and invasion in HCC cells,while also influencing the expression of CD274(PD-L1)and CD44,along with various biomarkers associated with EMT,autophagy,and pyroptosis.The aforementioned results propose NRAV as a promising prognostic biomarker for HCC.

Berberine improves central memory formation of CD8^(+)T cells:Implications for design of natural product-based vaccines

Berberine(BBR)as one of the most effective natural products has been increasingly used to treat various chronic diseases due to its immunosuppressive/tolerogenic activities.However,it is unknown if BBR can be applied without abrogating the efforts of vaccination.Here we show that priming of CD8^(+)T cells in the presence of BBR lead to improved central memory formation(Tcm)with substantially reduced effector proliferation,primarily orchestrated through activation of AMPK and Stat5.Tcm derived from vaccinated mice fed with BBR were able to adoptively transfer protective immunity to naIve recipients.Vaccination of BBR-fed mice conferred better memory protection against infection without losing immediate effector efficacy,suggesting appreciable benefits from using BBR in vaccination.Thus,our study may help to lay the groundwork for mechanistic understanding of the immunomodulatory effects of natural products and their potential use as adjuvant that allows the design of novel vaccines with more desirable properties.

CD40/CD40L Dyad in the Inflammatory and Immune Responses in the Central Nervous System

CD40 和它的血缘的 ligand (CD40L ) 是支持 inflammatory 和有免疫力的回答的一双管理者。在中央神经系统(CNS ) ， CD40 在许多房间上被表示，包括脉管的 endothelial 房间，光滑的肌肉房间，星形细胞和 microglia (大脑巨噬细胞，是最敏感的房间打字对 CD40 ligand 作出回应) 。在渗入 T 淋巴细胞和另外的居民 CNS 房间介绍的 microglia 和 CD40L 上的 CD40 之间的相互作用触发支持 cytokines， chemokines 和神经毒素的一个宽数组的生产的一系列细胞内部的发信号事件。因此，两个分子在 CNS 用作支持 inflammatory 和有免疫力的回答的放大器并且为疾病的治疗学的干预组成重要分子的目标。

A Novel Aminoalkylsilane Compound with Oligo(ethylene oxide) Units as Effective Additive for Improving Cyclability of Lithium-ion Batteries

A new aminoalkylsilane compound,((2-(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethoxy) methyl)trimethylsilane(TMSC1N2) based on the oligo(ethylene oxide) chain end-capped with organosilicon functional group and alkylamine group on each end,was introduced as an electrolyte additive for lithium-ion batteries.Electrochemical performances of different volume ratios of TMSC1N2 in the baseline electrolyte were conducted through cyclic voltammetry,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic charge/discharge tests of lithium-ion batteries.With adding 5 vol.% TMSC1N2 to the baseline electrolyte(1 mol/L LiPF6in ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate(EC:DEC 1:1,in volume)),the capacity retention of LiFePO4/Li cells could be significantly improved from 74.7% to 90.8% after 130 cycles.Furthermore,TMSC1N2 showed good compatibility with graphite electrode and would not deteriorate the electrochemical performance of graphite/Li anode cells.These data suggested that TMSC1N2 could be utilized as an effective additive for lithium-ion batteries.

Carboxymethyl chitosan/poly(ethylene oxide)water soluble binder:Challenging application for 5V LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode

Carboxymethyl chitosan/poly(ethylene oxide)(CCTS/PEO) composite is firstly reported as a water soluble binder for the application of 5V LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4 cathode in Li-ion batteries. Both CCTS and PEO show a high electrochemical oxidation potential of above 5.0 V(vs. Li/Li+). The electrochemical performances of LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4(LNMO) cathodes with CCTS/PEO composite binders of different mass rates are investigated, it is found that LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4 cathode with an optimized CCTS/PEO(85/15, w/w) composite exhibits a slightly better cycling performance than that of polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF), retaining 81.4% capacity as compared with 79.8% for PVDF at 0.5C rate after 200 cycles. LNMO with PEO/CCTS(85/15,w/w) exhibited the better rate capability than that of PVDF. These results demonstrate that CCTS/PEO composite can be potentially used as a water-soluble binder for 5 V LNMO cathode.

Effects of annealing temperature on electrochemical performance of SnSx embedded in hierarchical porous carbon with N-carbon coating by in-situ structural phase transformation as anodes for lithium ion batteries

Tuned tin chalcogenides rooted in hierarchical porous carbon(HPC)with N-carbon coating layers are prepared by thermal shock under various temperatures(denoted as HPC-SnS_(2)-PAN-Various T).With the increase of annealing temperature,the morphology and phase structure of Sn S_(2),as well as the cyclization degree of polyacrylonitrile(PAN),are significantly changed,which leads to the formation of rod-like Sn S and ordered structure of conductive N-carbon layer.By combining HPC,N-carbon coating derived from the cyclization of PAN,with 1D Sn S nanorods generated from structural phase transformation of SnS_(2),the optimized composite(HPC-SnS_(2)-PAN-500)as anode for lithium ion batteries(LIBs)provides buffer space for volume changes during alloying/dealloying process,builds a highly conductive network as well as decreases irreversible capacity from solid electrolyte interphase and enhances the ion/electron transport.Attributed to the above merits from composition regulation and architecture modification by sulfur depletion and PAN cyclization,this target anode exhibits an extraordinary cycling stability with a high specific capacity of 652.5 m A h/g at 0.5 A/g after 900 cycles.It suggests that rod-like Sn S embedded in HPC with cyclized PAN layers by thermal treatment approach renders a potential structural design of anode materials for LIBs.

有机添加剂调控铜互连结构电生长及信号传输损耗的研究

铜互连结构的粗糙度严重制约高频信号传输的完整性.研究了含不同有机添加剂的镀液体系对电生长铜层粗糙度的影响;采用分子模拟仿真和电化学测试,调控了有机添加剂在铜面的竞争吸附行为,探究了引起铜电生长差异的可能机制.结果表明,与仅用单一有机添加剂的镀液体系相比,含聚二硫二丙烷磺酸钠、聚氧乙烯聚丙乙烯嵌段共聚物和健那绿的镀液体系可电生长出表面形貌平整的铜层,且其插入损耗值为−8.9 dB@20 GHz.因此,采用有机添加剂调控铜互连结构电生长的低粗糙度,降低传输损耗,可有效保障高频信号传输完整性.