Effect of gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome on gut microbiota in children with upper respiratory tract infection and lung-heat syndrome

Objective:Gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome(GHRS)is associated with lung-heat syndrome and is related to recurrent respiratory infection.Upper respiratory tract infection(URTI)lung heat syndrome is common in children.The study will explore the effect of GHRS on the structure and function of gut microbiota in children with URTI lung-heat syndrome.Methods:Participants were divided into both groups using the self-developed URTI scale and the“GHRS Diagnostic Scale$Pediatric Part”:GHRS-positive children(LS group)and GHRS-negative children(L group).General information,clinical symptoms,and stool were collected.We used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology to determine the gene sequence of the V3eV4 region in feces and measure the gut microbiota of the both groups at the genus level.Results:A total of 23 children were included in the both groups.There were 12 cases in the LS group and 11 cases in the L group.There was no statistical difference between the both groups in age,gender,height,weight,and body mass index.The effective sequences shared by the both groups accounted for 85.66%of the total.In the gut microbiota,there was no difference in the a diversity and the b diversity between the both groups.Compared with the L group,the LS group had a significant increase in the relative abundance of the Ruminococcus gnavus group,Prevotella-9,Staphylococcus,and Actinomyces(P<.05).The functions of the both groups of microbiota primarily concentrate on metabolism,genetic information processing,and environmental information processing.The relative abundance of signaling molecules and interactions in the LS group were higher than that in the L group(P<.05).The redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that the URTI score had the greatest impact on the distribution of microbiota.Conclusion:GHRS may affect the development of URTI lung-heat syndrome by changing the relative abundances of gut microbiota.

467例原发性肝细胞癌肝切除术后肝功能不全和肝衰竭的预测因素(英文)

Objective:The aim of our study was to analyze hepatic dysfunction and failure after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) resection and relationship of clinical and pathological factors.Methods:Clinical and pathological data of 467 HCC patients was retrospectively reviewed,who underwent liver resection from January 2002 to December 2008 in the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College,Qingdao University,and the post-resectional liver dysfunction and failure risk factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results:The morbidity of post-resectional liver dysfunction and failure was 1.7% and 2.1%.The post-resectional liver dysfunction and failure after HCC hepatectomy into the statistical analysis:univariate analysis revealed preoperative platelet level (<100×109/L),serum albumin level (<35 g/L),serum gamma-Glutamyl transferase (> 64 U/L),Child-Pugh classification (B),MELD score (≥9),intraoperative bleeding (≥1000 mL),blood transfusion were positive factors,multivariate analysis (Logistic) revealed that preoperative platelet level (0.983,95% CI=0.971-0.995) and intraoperative blood transfusion (3.145,95% CI=1.027-12.028) were independent risk factors for post-resectional liver dysfunction and failure.Conclusion:Prevented liver failure and liver dysfunction occurring after liver resection,it is the key to accurate preoperative assessment of liver function and the patient's reserved liver functional,precise hepatectomy and reasonable blockage of hepatic inflow.

Association between gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome and respiratory tract infections in children:A prospective cohort study

Objective:To explore the relationship between gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome and the incidence of pneumonia and recurrent respiratory tract infections(RRTIs)in children.Methods:A prospective cohort study was conducted in the pediatric outpatient department of Beijing Dongfang Hospital.Children without respiratory tract infections(RTIs)were consecutively recruited according to the selection criteria.A semi-structured questionnaire was used to record traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)symptoms and demographic and physiological characteristics.Gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome was considered to be a predisposing factor and was diagnosed according to a scale with reliability and validity.The participants were followed up for 12 months.Participants and their parents or guardians were contacted via clinical interviews and telephone every 6 months.Episodes of pneumonia and RTIs were recorded in detail.Results:A total of 420 children were included.Of participants,370(88.10%)were followed up for 12 months.The mean number of RTI episodes per participant was 5.37(95%CI:5.14 to 5.60).In total,186 participants in the gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome group and 184 participants in the nongastrointestinal heat retention syndrome group completed the 12-month follow-up period.The baseline of both groups was comparable.The incidence of RRTIs in children with gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome was 1.27(95%CI:1.01 to 1.59)times that in children without gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome.Logistic regression analysis revealed that abnormally increased appetite with frequent hunger,foul breath,dry stools,and dark red or purple fingerprints were positively correlated with the incidence of pneumonia.Irascibility and feverish feelings in the palms and soles were positively correlated with the occurrence of RRTI.Conclusions:Gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome is a risk factor for RRTIs in children.Studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up time are warranted to confirm the degree of causal risk associated with RTIs.

COVID-19 associated liver injury:An updated review on the mechanisms and management of risk groups

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has been associated with various liver injury cases worldwide.To date,the prevalence,mechanism,clinical manifestations,diagnosis,and outcomes of COVID-19-induced liver injury in various at-risk groups are not well defined.Liver injury may arise in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 from direct causes such as viral infection and indirect causes such as systemic inflammation,hypoxic changes,and drugs that exacerbate any pre-existing liver disease.Studies have found that patients with underlying liver disease are at higher risk of COVID-19-induced liver injury.Certain condition of cardiopulmonary and metabolic diseases and vulnerable stages in lifespan may also involve in the development of COVID-19-induced liver injury.This review summarized studies of COVID-19-induced liver injury in different at-risk groups regarding their clinical characteristics,parameters,and correlations of the severity with these indicators and signs as well as potential treatment suggestions,to increase attention to physiological and pathological conditions and continue liver function monitoring as they can help in strengthening early supportive treatment and reducing the incidence of adverse outcomes.

42,573 cases of hepatectomy in China： a multicenter retrospective investigation

Hepatectomy is currently routinely performed in most hospitals in China. China owns the largest population of liver diseases and the biggest number of liver resection cases. A nationwide multicenter retrospective investigation involving 112 hospitals was performed, and focused on liver resection for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). 42,573 cases of hepatectomy were enrolled, and 18,275 valid cases of liver resection for HCC patients were selected for statistical analysis. The epidemiology of HCC, distribution of hepatectomy, postoperative complications and prognosis were finally analyzed. In the 18,275 HCC patients,81% had hepatitis B virus infection and 10% had hepatitis C virus infection. 38% of the HCC patients had normal Alphafetoprotein(AFP) level, and other 35% had an AFP level lower than 400 ng mL^(-1). In the study period, 97% of the hepatectomy for HCC were treated with open surgery, and 23.81% had vascular exclusion techniques. The operation time was(191.7±105.6) min,the blood loss was(546.0±562.8) m L, and blood transfusion was(543.0±1,035.2) m L. The median survival for HCC patients was 631 days, with 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival of 73.2%, 28.8% and 19.6%, respectively. Liver cirrhosis, multiple nodules,tumor thrombosis and high AFP level were risk factors that affect postoperative survival.

Relations of Uranium Enrichment and Carbonaceous Debris within the Daying Uranium Deposit, Northern Ordos Basin

Carbonaceous debris(CD)is widely distributed in the sandstone of the Daying Uranium Deposit,northern Ordos Basin,and coexists with uranium minerals,which provides a favorable case for studying their relationship.Vitrinite reflectance(VR),macerals,moisture,volatile matter,ash,total sulfur(S_t)and uranium concentration of CD within the sandstone were studied.The results show that VR ranges from 0.372%Ro to 0.510%Ro with an average value of 0.438%Ro,indicating that CD is in the stage of lignite.The contents of vitrinite(V),inertinite(I)and minerals range from 83.18%–99.48%,0–7.70%,and 0.34%–15.72%,respectively,with the corresponding average value of 95.51%,1.34%,and 3.15%,respectively which indicates that V is the major maceral.Moisture on air dried basis(M_(ad)),volatile matter yield on dry,ash-free basis(V_(daf)),ash yield on dried basis(A_d)and S_t mostly range from 7.95%–16.09%,44.70%–66.54%,4.84%–26.24% and 0.24%–1.12%,respectively,while their average values are 12.43%,53.41%,16.57% and 0.77%,respectively.It suggests that CD is of medium-high moisture,super-high volatile matter,low-medium ash and low sulfur.Uranium concentration ranges from 29 ppm to 92 ppm with an average value of 50 ppm,and uranium concentration increases with the decreased distance to CD.On the whole,M_(ad )and V_(daf) decrease with increasing burial depth,which indicates that CD experienced the burial metamorphism.However,M_(ad) and V_(daf) obviously decrease in uranium-rich areas whereas A_d and S_(t )noticeably increase.Comprehensive studies suggest that there is a certain relationship between uranium enrichment and CD.CD in the stage of lignite helps the adsorption of uranium.On one hand,radioactivity uranium enrichment makes organic matter maturation increase with a decrease in moisture and volatile matter.On the other hand,an increase in organic matter maturation,caused by radioactivity uranium enrichment,results in an increase in uranium minerals,which is instructive in the study of regional uranium mineralization and metallogenic regularity.

Mutation profile and its correlation with clinicopathology in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma patients

Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common causes of cancer worldwide.Although many studies have focused on oncogene characteristics,the genomic landscape of Chinese HCC patients has not been fully clarified.Methods:A total of 165 HCC patients,including 146 males and 19 females,were enrolled.The median age was 55 years(range,27-78 years).Corresponding clinical and pathological information was collected for further analysis.A total of 168 tumor tissues from these patients were selected for next-generation sequencing(NGS)-based 450 panel gene sequencing.Genomic alterations including single nucleotide variations(SNV),short and long insertions and deletions(InDels),copy number variations,and gene rearrangements were analyzed.Tumor mutational burden(TMB)was measured by an algorithm developed in-house.The top quartile of HCC was classified as TMB high.Results:A total of 1,004 genomic alterations were detected from 258 genes in 168 HCC tissues.TMB values were identified in 160 HCC specimens,with a median TMB of 5.4 Muts/Mb(range,0-28.4 Muts/Mb)and a 75%TMB of 7.7 Muts/Mb.The most commonly mutated genes were TP53,TERT,CTNNB1,AXIN1,RB1,TSC2,CCND1,ARID1A,and FGF19.SNV was the most common mutation type and C:G>T:A and guanine transformation were the most common SNVs.Compared to wild-type patients,the proportion of Edmondson grade III-IV and microvascular invasion was significantly higher in TP53 mutated patients(P<0.05).The proportion of tumors invading the hepatic capsule was significantly higher in TERT mutated patients(P<0.05).The proportion of Edmondson grade I-II,alpha fetoprotein(AFP)<25μmg/L,and those without a history of hepatitis B was significantly higher in CTNNB1 mutated patients(P<0.05).CTNNB1 mutations were associated with TMB high in HCC patients(P<0.05).Based on correlation analysis,the mutation of TP53 was independently correlated with microvascular invasion(P=0.002,OR=3.096)and Edmondson grade III-IV(P=0.008,OR=2.613).The mutation of TERT was independently correlated with tumor invasion of the liver capsule(P=0.001,OR=3.030),and the mutation of CTNNB1 was independently correlated with AFP(<25μmg/L)(P=0.009,OR=3.414).Conclusions:The most frequently mutated genes of HCC patients in China were TP53,TERT,and CTNNB1,which mainly lead to the occurrence and development of HCC by regulating the P53 pathway,Wnt pathway,and telomere repair pathway.There were more patients with microvascular invasion and Edmondson III-IV grade in TP53 mutated patients and more patients with hepatic capsule invasion in TERT mutated patients,while in CTNNB1 mutated patients,there were more patients with Edmondson I-II grade,AFP<25μmg/L,and a non-hepatitis B background.Also,the TMB values were significantly higher in CTNNB1 mutated patients than in wild type patients.

Markers and Genetic Mechanisms of Primary and Epigenetic Oxidation of an Aeolian Depositional System of the Luohandong Formation,Ordos Basin

Uranium exploration breakthrough was extremely rare in an aeolian depositional system.In order to know the complicate characteristics of oxidation associated closely with uranium mineralization in the aeolian depositional system,petrology and mineralogy markers of the oxidation and its genetic mechanisms are identified and illustrated by fieldwork,thin section analysis and scanning electron microscopy test,based on 2 field outcrops in Zhenyuan County in the southwest of the Tianhuan depression in the Ordos Basin and the core of 2 wells in the north and south of Ordos Basin.The results showed:the typical macroscopic indicator of primary oxidation was the red fine sediments in the aeolian interdune with a thickness of 10-50 cm,and the microscopic characteristics of primary oxidation were the minerals such as hematite,ilmenite,and the irony matrix rich in fine-grained dolomite and biotite;the phreatic oxidation was manifested as the red sandstone with limonite horizontal layer with a thickness of 1-4 cm and a width of 60 cm-1 m,and the circular limonite nodules with a diameter of 3-7 cm,in which there was intergranular limonite cement;the interlayer oxidation was characterized by lenticular tongue and tapered red sandstone with a length of 1-10 m and a width of 10 cm-5m,in which detrital particles are coated with hematite and hematite was distributed inside the rhombus dolomite.The paleoclimate of the sedimentary period,the water-table movement and the pore and permeability conditions of the sand body were the key factors for the formation of different oxidation types in the aeolian depositional system.

Origin of Dispersed Organic Matter within Sandstones and Its Implication for Uranium Mineralization:A Case Study from Dongsheng Uranium Ore Filed in China

Carbonaceous debris(CD),common dispersed organic matter(i.e.,DOM),is widely disseminated in sandstones from uranium-bearing strata from the Dongsheng uranium ore field of the northern Ordos Basin.Compositions of maceral,element and biomarkers of CD were investigated through a series of methods with optical microscope,elemental analyzer and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses(GC-MS)to study origin of CD.The results show that CD,centrally distributed nearby channel erosion surface,decreases with the increased distances to channel erosion surface,which indicates the CD might be related to the coal seam from the upper unit of the J2y Formation or synsedimentary plant from the J2z Formation.Macerals of CD are composed of vitrinite(i.e.,V),inertinite(i.e.,I),and minerals,including that V is primary.Compared with the coals from the J2y Formation classed into vitrinertite-V(V+I>95%,V>I),CD is grouped into vitrite(V>95%).Although,CD and coal are similar in element composition,the former is of lower organic carbon,H,N,and higher S.The(C27+C29)/(C31+C33)ratios of n-alkanes biomarkers indicate that the percentage of woody plants accounting for vegetation composition of CD predominate over that of coal,which is also evidenced by the higher C/N ratios and oleanane contents of CD.The evidence is also supported by plant branch buried in sandstones.The distribution characteristics of CD and differences in vegetation types between CD and coal suggest that CD might be not from the coal seam from J2y.The tissue preservation index,gelification index,ground water level index,and vegetation index reflect that the paleoenvironment of CD is controlled by fluctuating water,which is also supported by the existences of round CD.Compared with peat,sedimentary paleoenvironment where CD deposits is of weaker reducibility,higher salinity by analyzing Pr/Ph ratios and gammacerane index.Distributions of n-alkanes carbon number of CD with the presence of unknown complex mixtures show that microbial activities exist in sand bodies.Differences in hydrodynamic intensity,redox condition,and microbial activity intensity between sedimentary paleoenvironment of CD and peat,show that CD is born in synsedimentary sandstone environment not in peat.Hence,it comprehensively draws conclusions that immature‘non-peatborn’CD is formed from the trunk,stem,branch,root fragments buried in sandstones,depositing in(micro)allochthonous positions by the influences of fluctuating water.The DOM from synsedimentary plant debris might play more roles in adsorption and complexation,and microorganisms may participate in uranium mineralization,which could provide certain guidance for uranium exploration and mining.

Development and Validation of a Metabolic-related Prognostic Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background and Aims:Growing evidence suggests that metabolic-related genes have a significant impact on the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,the prognostic value of metabolic-related genes for HCC has not been fully revealed.Methods:mRNA sequencing and clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the GTEx Genotype-Tissue Expression comprehensive database.Differentially expressed metabolic-related genes in tumor tissues(n=374)and normal tissues(n=160)were identified by the Wilcoxon test.Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis,univariate multivariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to evaluate the predictive effectiveness and independence of the prognostic model.Two independent cohorts(International Cancer Genome Consortiums and GSE14520)were applied to verify the prognostic model.Results:Our study included a total of 793 patients with HCC.We constructed a risk score consisting of five metabolic-genes(BDH1,RRM2,CYP2C9,PLA2G7,and TXNRD1).For the overall survival rate,the low-risk group had a considerably higher rate than the high-risk group.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that the risk score was an independent predictor for the prognosis of HCC.Conclusions:We constructed and validated a novel prognostic model,which may provide support for the precise treatment of HCC.

Uranium Metallogeny in Fault-Depression Transition Region:A Case Study of the Tamusu Uranium Deposit in the Bayingobi Basin

Compared to the sandstone-type uranium deposits in the Ordos Basin and the Songliao Basin,the Tamusu uranium deposit in the Bayingobi Basin formed in fault-depression transition region displays distinctive features.First,the uranium-bearing sandstones and their interlayer oxidation zone extend longitudinally no more than ten kilometers.Second,gravity flow sediments are more common in the uranium-bearing strata.Comprehensive facies analysis indicates that the Upper Member(orebearing horizon)of the Bayingobi Formation was largely deposited in fan deltas that prograded into lakes during period of relatively dry paleoclimate.Spatial distribution patterns of five facies associations along with two depositional environments(fan delta,lake)were reconstructed in this study.The results demonstrated that the depositional systems and their inner genetic facies played different roles in uranium reservoir sandstone,confining beds(isolated barrier beds)and reduction geologic bodies during uranium mineralization process.

Serum α-fetoprotein level as a biomarker for early recurrence after R0 resection in primary hepatocellular carcinoma

Objectives:To investigate the impact of serumα-fetoprotein(AFP)levels on survival and early recurrence after R0 resection in primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 582 patients with primary HCC(male:488,female:94;mean age:51 years[age range,31-73 years])who underwent R0 resection between January 1997 and December 2009.The 1-,3-,and 5-year overall survival(OS)rates and the clinico-pathological factors between the AFP-negative and AFP-positive groups were compared.Risk fac-tors of early recurrence in the AFP-positive group were further analyzed.Results:Age and histological differentiation were significantly lower in the AFP-positive group than in AFP-negative group(χ^(2)=11.004,32.293;P=0.000).In the AFP-positive group,serumγ-glutamyl transferase levels,tumor diameters,TNM stage,and early recurrence rate were higher(χ^(2)=9.814 to 14.009,P<0.05),whereas the proportion of solitary HCC was lower(χ^(2)=8.509,P=0.004).The 1-,3-,and 5-year OS rates in the AFP-positive group were 80.5%,66.9%,and 40.2%,respectively,and those in the AFP-negative group were 89.2%,79.9%,and 50.3%,respec-tively(χ^(2)=11.884,P=0.001).The 1-,3-,and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 65.6%,48.5%,29.6%in the AFP-positive group and 81.7%,63.9%,42.1%in the AFP-negative group respectively(χ^(2)=15.574,P=0.000).The median OS times of early recurrence and non-early recurrence were 10 and 62 months,respectively(χ^(2)=45.013,P=0.000),and their median survival times from recurrence to death were 6 and 14 months,respectively(χ^(2)=40.581,P=0.000).Multiple-factor analysis suggested non-solitary HCC and low histological differentiation are independent risk factors influencing early recurrence of HCC.Conclusion:Elevated preoperative serum AFP levels were indicative of early HCC recurrence.