聚焦“跨项选材”:我国运动员选拔培养路径的建设与反思

国家体育总局局长苟仲文指出:"跨界是手段,选材是目的,要选拔出有天赋的选手,关键要抓好选材的标准,跨界选材,就要在‘跨’字上下工夫,跨界选队员也要跨界选教练。"一时间,"跨项目选材"成为中国运动训练的"新宠儿",成为东京奥运备战和北京2022年冬奥会备战的"新利器"。面对这一提法,诸多业界和学界人士持有不同的意见与看法。为更加客观看待跨界跨项选材,编辑部特邀请田麦久、刘爱杰、易剑东,就跨项选材展开了讨论,旨在更好地厘清什么是真正的跨界选材,如何完善跨项选材工作,进而为中国运动训练学的发展和奥运备战工作的顺利开展提供借鉴。

异丙酚复合依托咪酯在无痛宫腔镜中的应用

目的观察异丙酚复合依托咪酯对于门诊无痛宫腔镜的临床效果。方法 ASAI^II门诊宫腔镜90例患者,随机分为3组,每组30例,P组异丙酚组, E组依托咪酯组, PE异丙酚复合依托咪酯组。分别测量三组患者麻醉前T0,麻醉后T1,手术结束后T2三个时间点的收缩压,舒张压,平均动脉压。记录三组患者肌颤,术后疼痛,头晕,恶心呕吐的发生率。同时记录三组患者的苏醒时间和离室时间以及手术前后的状态焦虑指数,匹兹堡睡眠指数。结果 T1三组之间收缩压,舒张压,平均动脉压,EP与P组相比没有统计学意义,EP组与E组相比有统计学意义,P组与E组比有统计学差异;手术结束后T2收缩压,舒张压,平均动脉压,EP组与P组有统计学意义比有统计学差异,EP组与E组相比没有统计学意义。术中肌颤,恶心,头晕EP组与E组相比有统计学意义,E组与P组与相比没统计学意义。术后疼痛,睡眠指数,状态焦虑指数三组之间两两相比没有统计学意义。结论异丙酚复合依托咪酯用于宫腔镜检查血流动学更平稳,副作用更小。

头孢曲松钠联合阿立哌唑治疗神经梅毒效果研究

目的探讨头孢曲松钠联合阿立哌唑对神经梅毒患者的临床治疗效果。方法选取2014年1月-2019年2月淄博市第一医院收治的78例神经梅毒患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(n=39)和观察组(n=39)。对照组采用青霉素联合阿立哌唑治疗,观察组采用头孢曲松钠联合阿立哌唑治疗,并完成4周治疗及12个月随访。比较2组阳性与阴性症状量表(positive and negative syndrome scale,PANSS)评分、临床疗效总评量表病情严重程度(clinical global impression-severity of illness,CGI-SI)评分、T细胞百分比、细胞因子水平、不良反应及复发情况。结果观察组治疗后4周阴性症状评分、阳性症状评分、一般精神病理症状评分及PANSS总分下降幅度均大于对照组(P均<0.05);观察组治疗后4周CD3^+T细胞、CD4^+T细胞、CD4^+/CD8^+T细胞、IL-2、IL-12水平上升幅度均高于对照组(P均<0.05);观察组治疗后1、2、3、4周CGI-SI评分均低于对照组(P均<0.05);观察组治疗后6个月、12个月复发率均低于对照组(P均<0.05)。结论头孢曲松钠在治疗神经梅毒患者中,能改善患者神经症状,降低患者临床症状评分,提高患者T细胞百分比,改善细胞因子水平,降低治疗后复发率,药物安全性较高,值得推广应用。

Damage characteristics of three boring pests in Artemisia ordosica

The population density and distribution of the three major boring pests, Holcocerus artemisiae, Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. were studied in their host plant Artemisia ordosica. Results show that the larvae ofH. artemisiae mainly bore the rhizome ofA. ordosica, but also the larvae of Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. bore the rhizome of A. ordosica. The adults of Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. feed on the leaves of A. ordosica as a nutritional supplement. The distribution of the larvae of three pests in their host plant is completely different. H. artemisiae and Sphenoptera sp. are distributed in the whole A. ordosica plant. The newly hatched larvae first feed on the phloem and xylem of stem and then burrow to the roots before the winter of the same year. However, ,4dosopius sp. is distributed mainly in the roots. The newly hatched larvae move from the phloem to the xylem, and gradually damage the lower part of the trunk. The larvae of the three pests sometimes coexist in a single A. ordosica plant. However, the probability of the coexistence of the three pests is very small. The highest probability of coexistence of two pests was observed in Sphenoptera sp. and H. artemisiae, while the probability of coexistence of Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. as well as H. artemisiae and Adosopius sp. was smaller. The reasons for coexistence or its avoidance are not only related to the amount of food provided nor the volume of larval living space in a single A. ordosica plant, but also related to the development characteristics of different kinds of larvae and interspecific competition.

Electroantennogram responses of Adosomus sp. to volatile components from Artemisia ordosica

Adosomus sp. eats the leaves and oviposits on the stems ofArtemisia ordosica Krasch. Based on an analytical PTI-GC/MS method, 21 volatile organic compounds （VOCs） from the leaves ofA. ordosica were identified. The major operating equipment consisted of a DB-5 column （30 m × 0.32 mm × 0.25 μm） and a flame ionization detector （FID）. The amounts of the components from VOCs were determined by a peak area normalization method and 17 VOC components were identified by PTI-GC/MS. The elec- troantennogram （EAG） responses ofAdosomus sp. to 17 of the VOCs were tested. The results show that seven compounds, i.e., oci- mene, myrcene, R-（＋）-α-pinene, caryophyllene, S-（＋）-2-canene, humulene and （＋）limonene elicited strong EAG responses by female Adosomus sp., with myrcene and ocimene eliciting the strongest responses. It is interesting to note that male Adosomus sp. presented different EAG responses from females to those compounds. Four volatile compounds： β-pinene, myrcene, trans-ocimene and longipinene elicited strong EAG responses to males with myrcene eliciting the strongest response.

胎膜早破产妇产褥感染影响因素及胎盘胎膜TLR4的预测价值

目的分析胎膜早破(PROM)产妇产褥感染影响因素及胎盘胎膜组织Toll样受体4(TLR4)的预测价值。方法选取2016年5月-2020年5月淄博市第一医院妇产科收治的88例PROM患者作为研究对象,根据是否发生产褥感染分为感染组和未感染组,对其产褥感染相关因素、胎盘和胎膜组织TLR4表达量进行观察和分析,并采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)对胎盘胎膜组织TLR4表达量诊断产褥感染的价值进行分析。结果有14例患者发生产褥感染,感染率为15.91%。感染组中孕程<37周、产前贫血、妊娠期糖尿病、生殖道感染史、破膜时间≥12 h、产后出血的患者比例均高于未感染组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic多元回归模型分析结果显示,PROM产褥感染的发生与孕程具有相关性,孕程<37周可增加患者的产褥感染风险(P<0.001)。感染组患者胎盘和胎膜TLR4表达水平均高于未感染组(P<0.05)。胎盘、胎膜TLR4表达水平预测PROM产褥感染的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)均有统计学意义(P<0.05),在Cutoff值下,其灵敏度和特异度分别为0.643、0.714和1.000、0.986。结论发生产褥感染的PROM产妇可出现胎盘及胎膜组织TLR4表达上调,这一指标可用于辅助产褥感染的风险预测和早期诊断。

携带小鼠白介素-4截短型突变体基因的5型腺相关病毒载体的构建及外源蛋白的体外表达

目的:制备携带碳端结构域缺失的小鼠白介素-4(Interleukin-4,IL-4)基因突变体的5型重组腺相关病毒(recombinant adeno-associated virus, r AAV)并在细胞水平检测其介导的外源蛋白表达情况。方法:通过分子克隆技术构建携带小鼠IL-4碳端22个氨基酸缺失的突变体的表达质粒pSNAV-mIL-4ΔC22,三质粒共转染法制备重组的5型AAV病毒,体外感染人支气管上皮样细胞系16HBE和BEAS-2B,并通过Western blot和ELISA检测外源蛋白表达。结果:DNA测序表明构建的小鼠IL-4碳端第118位氨基酸位点处截短的突变体基因表达序列正确无误,制备的重组病毒载体r AAV5-mIL-4ΔC22滴度约为3×10^(11)vg/m L。r AAV5-GFP感染16HBE和BEAS-2B细胞后36小时开始可见持续稳定的荧光蛋白表达,重组病毒r AAV5-mIL-4ΔC22感染16HBE和BEAS-2B细胞后外源蛋白在培养上清中呈分泌型表达。结论:本研究成功构建了携带小鼠IL-4碳端结构域缺失型突变体的AAV表达质粒并制备了重组病毒r AAV5-mIL-4ΔC22,该病毒可有效转染16HBE和BEAS-2B细胞并介导外源基因分泌表达截短型小鼠IL-4突变体蛋白。