三氯生对羊肚菌霉菌性枯萎病病原菌的抑制作用

【目的】尝试找到一种可用于防治羊肚菌真菌性病害(Diplo9spora longispora引起的霉菌性枯萎病)的抑菌剂材料。【方法】三氯生(Triclosan, TCS)是广泛应用于口腔护理产品中的抑菌剂,可能对羊肚菌真菌性病害有抑制效果。在制备培养基时添加不同浓度的TCS(0~100 mg/L),设灭菌和不灭菌2种处理,观察TCS对六妹羊肚菌(Morchella sextelata)菌丝生长的影响和对培养基上杂菌的抑制效果;在添加不同浓度TCS(0~40 mg/L)的灭菌培养基上,接种霉菌性枯萎病病原菌和六妹羊肚菌,观察不同TCS浓度处理下病原菌和六妹羊肚菌的生长情况,并利用光学显微镜观察病原菌菌丝、羊肚菌菌丝和病原菌孢子的显微结构。在田间进行TCS喷施的初步对比试验,将40 mg/L TCS悬浮液直接喷施到感染霉菌性枯萎病的菇体上。【结果】TCS能够抑制未灭菌的培养基中杂菌的生长。霉菌性枯萎病病原菌菌丝生长长度随着TCS浓度的增加而降低,当TCS浓度为40 mg/L时,病原菌的分生孢子破裂并伴随内容物的外泄。在初步对比试验中,喷施TCS一周后,感病羊肚菌周围未出现病害扩散传染现象。【结论】在合适的浓度下,可尝试将TCS作为防治羊肚菌霉菌性枯萎病的抑菌剂材料。

An effective way to treat the iron-rich acid mine drainage from coal mining in Guizhou’s mountainous areas

Acid Mine Drainage(AMD)from coal mining is a serious environmental issue which affects water quality,ecology,and the overall landscape of the basin.A large number of coal mine tailings in the mountainous regions of Guizhou Province,China were unattended and iron-rich AMD was directly discharged to the rivers.This discharge leaves the river―yellow‖and heavily polluted.This study tries to find an efficient and economical method for treating iron-rich AMD.We sampled AMD water in two sites:Yangliujie town of Duyun city(hereafter,called Yangliujie),and Xinglong Coal Mine,Duliu town of Guiding county(hereafter,called Xinglong).We performed iron removal laboratory experiment with Cement-Bentonite Agent(CBA,80%cement and 20%bentonite)in 500 mL AMD water from Yangliujie,scale-up experiment in 15 L AMD water from both Yangliujie and Xinglong,and engineering application in Xinglong respectively.Laboratory experiment results showed the iron removal rate can reach 99.8%and the removal rate depends on the CBA dosage and the treatment time.In the scale-up experiment,we found that Fe concentration could be reduced from 587.0 to 0.2 mg/L when adding 20 g/L CBA to the AMD water and aerating for 3 hours.As sampled water in Xinglong has a very high Fe concentration(Fe 1019.8 mg/L)and the concentration varies with seasons,it is not economical to add the CBA directly to the AMD water.Considering the abundant and cheap limestone resources in Guizhou,we used a twostep treatment method,first we added CaCO3 to raise the pH,and then we took the supernatant liquor and added CBA to the liquor.It was shown that 15 g/L of CBA was a good dosage for iron removal with Fe concentration being reduced from 1019.8 to 0.3 mg/L when CaCO3 was used to raise the pH.The best treatment realized over 99.9%iron removal,99.2%NH3-N removal,98.9%CODMn removal,and heavy metals in the treated water were reduced to under the limit stipulated in the―Environmental Quality Standards of Surface Water in China‖.Thus in the engineering application,we used this two-step treatment method.After the treatment,the pH of the iron-rich AMD(pH 2.86,Fe 2624.6 mg/L)increased to 8.53,the concentration of Fe was reduced to 59.5 mg/L,NH3-N decreased from 16.15 to less than 0.05 mg/L,CODMn decreased from 323.33 to 24.57 mg/L,heavy metals except Fe and Mn were reduced to under the limit of surface water.In conclusion,the use of CBA can effectively remove Fe and other heavy metals from the iron-rich AMD and adjust the pH value to the range of a natural water body.

Changes in Agricultural System as Farmers Adapt to Economic-Social and Climatic Changes in the Min Upriver Rural Areas in Western Sichuan,Southwestern China

Rapid economic growth in China has brought about great economic-social changes in rural areas, having considerable impact on the society in economy and environment. With a per capita possession of about 0.08 ha of cropland, Chinese farmers in rural areas adopt various ways in response to these changes in a bit to maintain their livelihood, wherein the agricultural system is facing one more options possible. To understand how rural communities have used different mechanisms to adapt to the economic and natural changes, we joined a survey in dry valleys of the Min upriver area under Maoxian county of western Sichuan province, southwestern China and visited the local people. Changes in the main crop cultivation have shown up an important means to keep up their household income. Farm households start seeking economic growth through diversified cultivating of cereal and economic crops in five lines, namely cereal, apple monoculture, apple and vegetables, plum and vegetables, mixed fruits and vegetables. These new lines mirror farmers' flexibility to cope with today's economic-social and climatic changes. The farming operation has changed all the more from a subsistence on grain to special agricultural products. Economic reforms in the early 1980 s motivated theprogress first in conversion of production from grain to fruits, and the desire to increase family income turned out to be an impetus for the subsequent events. At present, more farmers moving out of the rural areas, uneasy availability of labor force, increased opportunity cost of labors and their wages, increased farm size, and the urgent demand for the agricultural labor force, all these combine into the trend of the agricultural system of China on facing further economic-social reforms and reconstruction of the countryside across China.

成人腺病毒肺炎8例临床分析

目的:总结8例成人腺病毒肺炎患者的临床资料,为腺病毒肺炎的早期诊治提供依据。方法:回顾性分析2019年1月至2021年12月山东省东营市人民医院诊治的8例成人腺病毒肺炎住院患者的病例资料。结果:8例患者中,中青年男性占多数。主要临床表现为发热、咳嗽、咳痰、畏寒、咽痛、寒战、乏力、肌痛、腹泻和关节酸痛。实验室检查以白细胞正常、单核细胞计数升高、C反应蛋白升高、肌酶升高、乳酸脱氢酶升高为主。典型的影像学表现以单侧或双侧肺分布的斑片影及周围有磨玻璃影的团片样实变影为主。经利巴韦林抗病毒及对症治疗,8例均好转出院。结论:在初春或冬季,高热、咳嗽、肺部实变影或实变周围伴磨玻璃影的肺炎患者,需警惕腺病毒肺炎的发生,以期及早诊治。