[背景]母亲孕期暴露于大气污染可能会改变胎儿的宫内发育编程,进而增加未来儿童发生肥胖的风险。[目的]探讨孕期不同大气污染物暴露对子代儿童肥胖发病的影响。[方法]检索PubMed、Web of Science、Medline等外文电子文献数据库以及万方...[背景]母亲孕期暴露于大气污染可能会改变胎儿的宫内发育编程,进而增加未来儿童发生肥胖的风险。[目的]探讨孕期不同大气污染物暴露对子代儿童肥胖发病的影响。[方法]检索PubMed、Web of Science、Medline等外文电子文献数据库以及万方数据知识服务平台、中国知网、维普资讯等中文期刊服务平台,检索期限为2000年1月1日至2023年8月31日,详尽收集孕期不同大气污染物暴露与儿童肥胖相关的文献资料,采用美国国立健康研究院的观察性队列研究和横断面研究质量评价工具对纳入文献质量进行评价。[结果]最终纳入符合标准的文献24篇,涉及污染物主要包括颗粒物、臭氧、氮氧化物、碳氧化物、硫氧化物等。与非暴露组相比,孕期各类常见大气污染物暴露均与子代儿童期肥胖发病风险升高有关。[结论]母亲孕期暴露于大气污染会增加未来儿童发生肥胖的风险,后续研究应更多关注大气污染物对儿童体脂分布和代谢发育的影响,进一步揭示大气污染物暴露导致儿童肥胖的潜在机制。展开更多
Fertilizers are widely applied in agricultural practice to improve crop yield and quality.However, they can also alter the behavior of soil pollutants.A field experiment was conducted on a chernozem in Heilongjiang Pr...Fertilizers are widely applied in agricultural practice to improve crop yield and quality.However, they can also alter the behavior of soil pollutants.A field experiment was conducted on a chernozem in Heilongjiang Province, China.Various proportions of inorganic nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and organic(manure) fertilizers were applied.Soil samples were collected four times over 2 years, and the total concentrations and speciation of chromium(Cr) and cadmium(Cd) were analyzed.Inorganic fertilizer addition had little effect on the total concentration of Cr and Cd, while organic fertilizer addition reduced the total concentrations of both Cr and Cd.Inorganic fertilizers increased the concentration of Cr in the exchangeable form, but decreased that of the residual form(P < 0.05).Addition of inorganic or organic fertilizer alone decreased concentrations of exchangeable Cd(P < 0.05), but the combination of inorganic and organic fertilizers had the opposite effect.High concentration of total Cd exceeding the upper limits of the Environmental Quality Standard for Soils proposed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China could result in an environmental risk, and fertilizer application could lower that risk.Results of risk assessment code calculated as the percentage of the sum of metal concentrations in the exchangeable and carbonate-associated form in total metal concentration showed that Cr and Cd risks were lowered when organic fertilizer was applied alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers.Our study highlighted that organic fertilizer should be applied alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers to lower the environmental risks of Cr and Cd pollution in the chernozem.展开更多
文摘[背景]母亲孕期暴露于大气污染可能会改变胎儿的宫内发育编程,进而增加未来儿童发生肥胖的风险。[目的]探讨孕期不同大气污染物暴露对子代儿童肥胖发病的影响。[方法]检索PubMed、Web of Science、Medline等外文电子文献数据库以及万方数据知识服务平台、中国知网、维普资讯等中文期刊服务平台,检索期限为2000年1月1日至2023年8月31日,详尽收集孕期不同大气污染物暴露与儿童肥胖相关的文献资料,采用美国国立健康研究院的观察性队列研究和横断面研究质量评价工具对纳入文献质量进行评价。[结果]最终纳入符合标准的文献24篇,涉及污染物主要包括颗粒物、臭氧、氮氧化物、碳氧化物、硫氧化物等。与非暴露组相比,孕期各类常见大气污染物暴露均与子代儿童期肥胖发病风险升高有关。[结论]母亲孕期暴露于大气污染会增加未来儿童发生肥胖的风险,后续研究应更多关注大气污染物对儿童体脂分布和代谢发育的影响,进一步揭示大气污染物暴露导致儿童肥胖的潜在机制。
基金the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(Nos.2012BAD15B05 and 2013BAD16B01)
文摘Fertilizers are widely applied in agricultural practice to improve crop yield and quality.However, they can also alter the behavior of soil pollutants.A field experiment was conducted on a chernozem in Heilongjiang Province, China.Various proportions of inorganic nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and organic(manure) fertilizers were applied.Soil samples were collected four times over 2 years, and the total concentrations and speciation of chromium(Cr) and cadmium(Cd) were analyzed.Inorganic fertilizer addition had little effect on the total concentration of Cr and Cd, while organic fertilizer addition reduced the total concentrations of both Cr and Cd.Inorganic fertilizers increased the concentration of Cr in the exchangeable form, but decreased that of the residual form(P < 0.05).Addition of inorganic or organic fertilizer alone decreased concentrations of exchangeable Cd(P < 0.05), but the combination of inorganic and organic fertilizers had the opposite effect.High concentration of total Cd exceeding the upper limits of the Environmental Quality Standard for Soils proposed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China could result in an environmental risk, and fertilizer application could lower that risk.Results of risk assessment code calculated as the percentage of the sum of metal concentrations in the exchangeable and carbonate-associated form in total metal concentration showed that Cr and Cd risks were lowered when organic fertilizer was applied alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers.Our study highlighted that organic fertilizer should be applied alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers to lower the environmental risks of Cr and Cd pollution in the chernozem.
