The preparation and characterization of homogeneous and colorless ionic liquid analogs（ILAs） containing choline chloride（ChC1）, malonic acid and bismuth chloride were investigated. The structure of the above mixtu...The preparation and characterization of homogeneous and colorless ionic liquid analogs（ILAs） containing choline chloride（ChC1）, malonic acid and bismuth chloride were investigated. The structure of the above mixture was preliminarily analyzed, and then the physicochemieal properties including viscosity, conductivity and density were investigated as functions of temperature and composition. Additionally, the thermal stability of the ILAs and the electrochemical behavior of Bi3＋ ions in the medium were studied. Structure analysis reveals that the synthesis of deep eutectic solvents（DESs） is closely related to the formation of hydrogen bonds between malonic acid and ChC1, with their viscosity, conductivity and density being greatly dependent on the temperature and composition. Thermo- gravimetric analysis demonstrates that the ILAs are very stable between room temperature and 398.15 K. And the electrochemical experiments indicate that the bismuth films can be successfully deposited from this ILAs and the deposition mechanism of bismuth is a rather irreversible process. The surface morphology of bismuth films deposited on Cu substrates was very compact and smooth. Thus, ChCl-malonic acid DESs were shown to be a good alternative to aqueous solvents for various deposition-related applications.展开更多
文摘2019年引入浪漫红颜葡萄在焦作市农林科学研究院试栽,经4年观察表明,该品种是一个性状优良的中晚熟品种。平均单穗重822 g,单粒重9.3 g,完全成熟紫红色,着色不一致。果实硬脆,味清甜,无香味,可溶固形物含量21.2%,口感甜,品质上乘。8月26日果实成熟。栽植第2年少量结果;第3年666.7 m 2产量为1200 kg,第4年666.7 m 2产量1540 kg。其适应性强,抗逆性强,丰产性强。栽培上应注意花果管理、肥水管理。
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City, China（No. 15JCQNJC05900）.
文摘The preparation and characterization of homogeneous and colorless ionic liquid analogs（ILAs） containing choline chloride（ChC1）, malonic acid and bismuth chloride were investigated. The structure of the above mixture was preliminarily analyzed, and then the physicochemieal properties including viscosity, conductivity and density were investigated as functions of temperature and composition. Additionally, the thermal stability of the ILAs and the electrochemical behavior of Bi3＋ ions in the medium were studied. Structure analysis reveals that the synthesis of deep eutectic solvents（DESs） is closely related to the formation of hydrogen bonds between malonic acid and ChC1, with their viscosity, conductivity and density being greatly dependent on the temperature and composition. Thermo- gravimetric analysis demonstrates that the ILAs are very stable between room temperature and 398.15 K. And the electrochemical experiments indicate that the bismuth films can be successfully deposited from this ILAs and the deposition mechanism of bismuth is a rather irreversible process. The surface morphology of bismuth films deposited on Cu substrates was very compact and smooth. Thus, ChCl-malonic acid DESs were shown to be a good alternative to aqueous solvents for various deposition-related applications.
