马克思主义人权理论及其在中国的胜利

马克思主义人权理论是在批判地继承启蒙思想家人权观念的基础上,通过深刻揭露资产阶级人权的虚伪性和欺骗性的本质建立的。它指出无产阶级和人民要享有人权,必须进行革命,使自己上升为统治阶级,争得民主,实行社会主义,从而实现对资产阶级人权理论的根本性、历史性超越。中国共产党自成立就以马克思主义为指导,高举争人权的旗帜,为中国人民解放和享有人权而奋斗。无论是在新民主主义革命还是社会主义革命和建设时期,中国共产党都以人民为中心,将争取人权与争得政权密切结合,将争取政治权利与争得经济权利密切结合,坚持以生存权和发展权为首要的基本人权。党的十一届三中全会后,实行依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家,将党中央提出的尊重和保障人权确立为宪法原则,我国人权事业展现出新面貌。进入新时代,习近平同志继承毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛等历代领导人的人权理念,从人权理论到实践,从人权主体到各项人权,从国内人权建设到国际人权交流、斗争,积极参加全球人权治理,推进构建人类命运共同体,马克思主义人权理论发展进入新阶段。

习近平法治思想与人权保障制度建设

本文论述习近平法治思想对人权保障制度的重要意义。习近平同志指出:“人民幸福生活是最大的人权。”这一思想紧扣人权主体由其自然属性和社会属性产生的对美好生活的期望,即人权,揭示了人权的本质属性,从而在事实层面上揭露了西方一些政客借人权的某一项权利外壳(如自由)干损人利己或损人害己、违反人权根本精神的行径,是对人权理论的新发展。将其作为奋斗目标,充分说明党和国家对人权保障的重视。本文指出以人民为中心的人权理念贯穿于习近平法治思想。这一思想为全面建设中国特色人权保障制度指明了方向。其主要举措是,捍卫国家主权和国家安全,坚持以生存权、发展权为首要基本人权推进人权事业;完善中国特色法律体系,依法治国,依法执政,奉行良法善治,为人权发展提供制度保障和物质文化条件;同时要加强人权司法保障,筑牢人权保障最后一道防线与可靠救济机制,让人民群众在每一个司法案件中都能感受到公平正义。为应对百年未遇之大变局,习近平法治思想协调推进国内治理和国际治理,坚持国际关系民主化、法治化,特别是构建人类命运共同体,为世界和平、为国际人权事业勾画了美好愿景。

自然法则与中国传统文化中的人权理念及其影响

本文从自然法则亦即自然发展规律与社会发展规律角度,对中国传统文化中的人权理念进行了梳理。虽然人权概念是舶来品,但是中国传统文化中的人权理念是丰富的,与之相应的权利保障制度亦具有鲜明的特色。中国坚信自己的社会主义人权保障理念和人权保障道路,仍将不断与国际社会加强人权交流与合作,推动建设和谐世界,构建人类命运共同体,实现人的自由全面发展。

军用航空发动机成附件研制程序研究

针对国内武器装备研制程序要求不适用成附件、成附件研制阶段工作内容不统一、成附件技术管理要求不完整的现状,开展军用航空发动机成附件研制程序研究。本文首先阐述了国内外供应商产品研制程序的现状,对比分析了国内外供应商产品研制程序的差异;其次结合产品研制程序和相关标准要求,从技术审查、技术状态管理、技术成熟度等方面补充了相关技术管理要求;最后提出了军用航空发动机成附件研制程序的建议,明确了成附件研制阶段的工作目标、工作内容和典型交付物;为规范成附件各阶段研制活动、保障产品研制工作的有序进行、实现产品研制目标提供指导。

航空发动机研制过程保证方法研究

随着现代航空发动机复杂程度和集成程度的增加,产品研制过程中出现错误的可能性越来越大,如何通过实施研制过程保证,纠正产品研制中的错误和提升发动机安全性水平已成为航空发动机设计人员关注的重点之一。本文基于SAE ARP 4754A《民用航空产品和系统开发指南》的过程保证方法,提出了航空发动机研制保证等级定义和研制保证等级分配方法,明确了航空发动机不同研制保证等级需求的确认和验证方法,建立了发动机需求确认和验证矩阵,为实施航空发动机研制过程保证提供指导。

The New Contribution to the Important Discourse on Human Rights by General Secretary xi Jinping

Under the background of the fact that human rights protection has become an important part of the socialist construction with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and with the international background of the strengthened trend of mainstreaming of human rights, Xi Jinping’s series of speeches and the 19 th CPC national Congress reports comprehensively explained the construction of human rights in China and the development of the international human rights. The important discourse on human rights by General Secretary Xi Jinping is people-centered: people’s yearning for a better life is our goal and reveals the source of human rights. Chinese dream is a dream of the country, of the nation, and of everyone in China. The close integration of individual and collective human rights points out that the state and people are important parts of collective human rights and it is an effective response to the "human rights over sovereignty" of Western countries. That there are not the best human rights, but the better ones; fighting for human rights is not always done, but always doing scientifically reveals the operational form of human rights. The right of survival and development is the primary human right; to attach importance to the right of peace conforms to the reality of our country and it has the support of the vast number of developing countries. Building a community with a shared future for human beings is a new vision for the development of the international human rights. only when the perfection and implementation of Constitution and law are paid attention to, and the democratization and legalization of the international human rights cause are promoted, can the guarantee be provided for the realization of human rights. The important discourse on human rights by General Secretary Xi Jinping is guided by Marxism, carries the communist party member’s original intention of serving people and is deeply rooted in the masses of the people. It inherits the theory of "benevolence" and "harmony" in Chinese culture,stands at the height of history and times, and points out the direction for the all-round development of Chinese people and the overall progress of society, and for the liberation of all mankind. This scientific theory is successfully guiding China’s human rights construction constantly towards new achievements and has had a profound and extensive impact on the international human rights cause.

From the UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to Building a Community with a Shared Future for Human Beings--The Past, Present, and Future of International Human Rights Protection

The UN Charter first of all affirmed the basic concept of international protection of human rights and opened up a broad space for international protection of human rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is an important document in the development of the international human rights cause. It established a set of international standards for basic human rights, represents the world’s most important consensus on human rights, and contributes greatly to the creation of an international human rights legal system. The important theory put forward by President Xi Jinping to build a Community with a Shared Future for Human Beings, as a Chinese program for today s global major issues, also outlines a new blueprint for national human rights protection and will play a major role in promoting the development of China’s human rights and international human rights protection.

On Building Theoretical System of Human Rights with Chinese Characteristics

The ongoing discussion organized by the Human Rights magazine on building a theoretical system of humanrights with Chinese characteristics is definitely of great significance.

从《联合国宪章》《世界人权宣言》到构建人类命运共同体——国际人权保障的过去、现在与未来

联合国宪章》最先肯定了人权国际保障的基本理念,为人权国际保障开辟了广阔空间。《世界人权宣言》是国际人权事业发展中具有里程碑意义的重要文献。它确立了基本人权的国际标准,是当代有关人权的全球最重要共识,对于创建国际人权法律体系的具有重大的推动意义。习近平主席提出的构建人类命运共同体的重要理论,作为针对当代全球重大课题的中国方案,也规划了国家人权保障的新蓝图,对于推动中国人权建设以及国际人权保障事业,都将发挥重大的作用。