科技成果转化导向下欧盟关键原材料发展体制机制剖析及启示

受国际政治经济关系与领域技术变革的双重影响,关键原材料供应的安全与创新成为世界各国关注的焦点。欧盟制定了以科技成果转化为导向的原材料发展体制机制,为欧盟内部带来了巨大的经济﹑社会和环境效益,其发展路径﹑组织模式对于我国关键原材料供应具有一定的借鉴意义。通过对欧盟创新与技术研究院原材料(European Institute of Innovation&Technology Raw Materials,EIT-R)知识和创新社区的体制机制﹑科技成果转化体系及路径进行深度剖析,得出EIT-R具有战略目标明确﹑组织机构透明﹑转化模式高效﹑转化可持续等特点。最后针对我国原材料发展现状,提出我国关键原材料领域在国家层面的战略布局导向与组织实施的战术落实建议,以期建立科技成果为导向的关键原材料新型举国创新体制机制。

秦巴山脉区域战略新兴与高成长绿色产业发展战略研究

本文总结秦巴山脉区域经济社会发展的现状及特点,提出亟需构建强生态条件下的现代工业和现代产业发展体系的总体战略目标。探讨秦巴山脉区域生态与产业协同绿色发展模式,指出培育、发展和壮大战略性新兴与高成长绿色产业的紧迫性、必要性和可行性。研究"一圈多轴一网二区"的区域发展空间格局、"生态–产业协同双向梯度发展"的动力模式。构建包含评价指标、产业类型筛选和技术评价等内涵的产业发展评价体系。分析产业布局原则、环秦巴山脉区域协同发展群产业布局及产业关联效应。阐述发展战略性新兴与高成长绿色产业的政策建议:坚持绿色经济为主的产业发展道路;打造新的跨区域协作政策机制;为绿色产业发展提供优秀人才;加强绿色资本输入;推动绿色产业与乡村振兴的紧密结合;培育社会企业与制度企业家;发挥市场机制作用,促进绿色产业整合发展。

Effects of clay and calcium ions on coal flotation

The microflotation of three single minerals,mixed coal–kaolinite and mixed coal–montmorillonite were examined to study the effects of clay and calcium ions on coal flotation.The results show that the ash content of flotation concentrate increases by 3%in the presence of clay minerals,and the ash content would further increase by 3%in co-presence of clay minerals and high concentration of Ca2+.Scanning electron microscope(SEM)images and elemental spectrum analysis indicate that fne clay particles that coat on the coal surface,which is called slime coating,can affect the coal flotation.The slime coating would be induced much more easily in the presence of Ca2+.

Numerical simulation of a self-absorbing microbubble generator for a cyclonic-static microbubble flotation column

The Cyclonic-Static Microbubble Flotation Column (FCSMC) is currently a widely used, novel type of flotation device. The self-absorbing microbubble generator is the core component of this device. The structure of the microbubble generator directly influences flotation column performance by affecting bubble size and distribution as well as gas holdup in the column. However, the complicated flow inside the generator results in high R&D costs and difficulty in testing. Thus, the CFD software, FLUENT, was used to simulate the gas-liquid two-phase flow inside a self-absorbing microbubble generator. The effect of area ratio, a key structural parameter, was studied in detail. Critical flow-field parameters including velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, minimum static pressure and gas holdup were obtained. The simulation results demonstrate that the optimum area ratio is 3.

Experimental investigation and modeling of flotation column for treatment of oily wastewater

A unique cyclonic static microbubble flotation column was developed for oily wastewater separation.The separation effciency was found to be highly dependent on gas holdup and bubble size distribution.By changing the circulation pressure,gas flow rate,frother concentration,the effect of operation parameters on gas holdup and oil removal effciency were attained.A mathematical modeling between the kinetic constant and the gas holdup was established for oily water separation process.The results show that higher gas holdup and smaller microbubble sizes are benefcial to improve oil removal effciency.

Coal petrology characteristics of middlings from Qianjiaying fat coal mine

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the coal petrology characteristics of slack middlings(13–0.5 mm)of dense media separation and flotation middlings from Qianjiaying fat coal preparation plant.Phase composition,macerals distribution,microlithotype and mineral occurrence of the two middlings were studied by XRD analysis and polarized light microscopy observation.Macerals distribution and wettability of the float-and-sink products separated from the middlings after grinding was investigated to determine the liberation degree.Studies show that there are more vitrinite and mineral,but less inertinite in slack middlings than in flotation middlings.Macerals associated with mineral in slack middlings is 69.85%,by volume,which is 17.86%higher than that in flotation middlings.Minerals in slack middlings are dominated by pyrite and clay,which are disseminated with the diameter less than2 lm.The main mineral in flotation middlings is clay with size range of 2–20 lm.Single macerals in the slack middlings are diffcult to liberate due to the fne-grained minerals.After grinding,macerals associated with minerals in the slack middlings decrease to 46.73%,by volume,which is higher than in flotation middlings by 25.89%,by volume.For slack middlings with poor liberation degree,density fractions below1.8 g/cm3is hydrophobic with contact angle above 71.5°.For the well liberated flotation middlings,there is signifcant wettability difference among the float-and-sink products.This research is the theoretical basis to realize re-separation of middlings.

A single-phase turbulent flow numerical simulation of a cyclonic-static micro bubble flotation column

Improved fluid dynamics can enhance the separation efficiency of flotation methods. A Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation using FLUENT was performed to model the fluid environment of a cyclonic-static micro bubble flotation column. The simulation results visually show the interior flow and illustrate mixing of the different flows within the apparatus. An analysis of the distribution in velocity and vorticity was used to analyze the separation mechanism and the synergism of the component parts and to strengthen the design of each unit. The conclusions are that axial back mixing and vortexes still exist in the separation unit even in the presence of packing media. The inverted cone structure near the tangential inlet (cone 1) within the cyclonic unit is the main reason for this. The cone 1 structure enhances swirling and focuses energy within the inner area of the cone where there are abundant bubbles. As a result slowly floating minerals are forcibly recovered and tailings are effectively separated within this unit. However, cone 1 also reduces the vorticity downstream from it, which reduces the efficiency of tailings separation within this part. Therefore, the design of cone 1 should be based on the principles of lessening disturbances to the column unit while strengthening the separation effect of the cyclonic unit. Also, the axial distance between the paired cyclonic structures at the bottom of the column (cone 2) and cone 1 poses tough requirements because of an interaction between separation of the middlings and tailings.

Cyclonic separation process intensification oil removal based on microbubble flotation

The cyclonic-static microbubble flotation column has dual effects including the cyclonic separation and floatation separation with the characteristics of the small lower limit of the effective separation size, short separation time, large handling capacity, and low operation cost. It shows significant advantages in the oily wastewater treatment field, especially the polymer flooding oily wastewater treatment aspect. In this paper, the cyclonic separation function mechanism of the cyclonic-static microbubble flotation column was studied, the impact of the parameters including the feeding rate, aeration rate, circulating pressure, and underflow split ratio on the cyclonic separation efficiency was investigated, and the cyclonic separation efficiency model was established as well. In addition, by applying the Doppler Laser Velocimeter (LDV) and Fluent simulation software, the test and simulation to the single-phase flow velocity field of the cyclonic separation section of the cyclonic-static microbubble flotation column were carried out, and the velocity distribution rule of the cyclonic separation section was analyzed under the singlephase flow conditions.

Distribution, occurrence and enrichment causes of gallium in coals from the Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia

We collected eleven bench samples of No. 6 coal from the Heidaigou Surface Mine, Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China, and four samples from the affiliated coal preparation plant. Based on these samples, we used inductively coupled-plasma mass spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer techniques, and borehole exploration data, to investigate the distribution, occurrence and enrichment causes of gallium (Ga) in the coals. Our results show: (1) Gallium is significantly enriched in the coal seams from the study area, with an average content of 18.8-26.0 ppm. Gallium is distributed heterogeneously in the coals, and reaches ore-forming scales only in No. 6 coal of Heidaigou Surface Mine, not in the other mining districts of Jungar Coalfield. (2) On the horizontal plane, Ga is enriched in the main minable coals from the northern and middle part of the coalfield. In the vertical profile, Ga content in the coal seams is higher at the base of Taiyuan Formation (Nos. 8 and 9) and Shanxi Formation (Nos. 3 and 4) than at the top of the Taiyuan Formation. Within the identical coal seam, Ga content is higher in the benches near the roof and floor than in the middle section. (3) Gallium in the coals is associated mainly with kaolinite and boehmite. Additionally, Ga may be adsorbed to some extent by humic acid, resulting in a high level in weathering coal. (4) Geological factors affect Ga enrichment in coal, such as the property of parent rocks in the source area, the sedimentary environment, organic matter, structure, and past magmatic hydrothermal activity. Especially, Ga content in parent rocks plays a leading role. (5) The mobility and precipitation of trace elements like Ga are controlled principally by the geochemical behavior of the major element Al. Terrestrial and transgressive environments can cause the precipitation of bauxite, whereas marine-continental depositional environments may cause the separation of Ga from Al. In addition, Ga may migrate in the form of gas, and may be affected by the ground temperature. Thus, it is relatively enriched in high-volatile coal.

专家笔谈:多学科融合视角下的自然资源要素综合观测体系构建

自然资源要素综合观测体系建设是自然资源部的基础性、公益性工程,是全面贯彻习近平生态文明思想、践行山水林田湖草生命共同体发展理念,履行自然资源"两统一"管理职责的重要举措,为系统、全面认识自然资源变化规律、预判未来发展趋势提供基础数据支撑。自然资源要素综合观测体系建设重点工作主要包括:第一,充分考虑多学科融合,做好顶层设计;第二,继承和发扬青藏科考精神,打造一支吃苦耐劳、稳定的观测队伍;第三,充分考虑森林、草地等不同资源之间的耦合,依托自然资源要素综合观测体系加强综合研究;借鉴国内外生态系统观测经验,利用现代化手段,科学搭建多尺度网络;第四,打破壁垒形成合力,探索不同观测网络、单位之间合作机制,服务国家重大需求;第五,明确核心任务,坚持点-线-面结合;第六,探索多部门合作,试点示范先行。

基于底部旋流的浮选柱内气泡尺寸分布规律

基于底部旋流的浮选柱是结合旋流力场和浮选机理的一种新型浮选设备.为了研究该浮选柱内气泡分布规律,采用PIV-Shadow法,在起泡剂(仲辛醇)质量浓度为0.30mg/L时,分别对不同结构旋流方式和不同循环量条件下旋流段气泡直径进行统计分析.结果显示:底部锥形结构旋流方式的气泡尺寸呈正态分布,分布范围比环板结构旋流方式气泡分布范围更宽,微小气泡比例充足.当循环量Q从0.187m^3/h增加至0.350m^3/h时,小直径气泡比例上升,但气泡分布范围变窄.因此,在0.290m^3/h循环量时,气泡尺寸分布范围较宽,并可以产生充足的微泡,这有利于细粒矿物的浮选回收.