带药移栽对水稻害虫防控的减药增效作用分析

【目的】以新型、高效、持效期长的杀虫剂三氟苯嘧啶和四唑虫酰胺为例,探究带药移栽对水稻害虫的防控效果及农药减量增效的实践意义。【方法】通过室内模拟秧苗带药移栽分别测定了1.95,5.85和9.75 mg a.i./m^(2)三氟苯嘧啶处理对褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens和白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera成虫或若虫的毒力和持效期,并在浙江杭州和湖南衡阳两地评估了早、中、晚稻秧苗高剂量带药移栽处理对二化螟Chilo suppressalis和稻飞虱的田间防效以及不同施药模式对稻田寄生蜂种群动态的影响。【结果】室内经5.85和9.75 mg a.i./m^(2)三氟苯嘧啶处理的秧苗在移栽后35 d时使褐飞虱雌成虫和3龄若虫均能保持75%以上的校正死亡率,且5.85 mg a.i./m^(2)剂量处理在移栽后28 d时使白背飞虱雌成虫的校正死亡率大于80%;使用12.75和25.50 mg a.i./m^(2)四唑虫酰胺处理秧苗在移栽后35 d时对早稻二化螟为害的校正防效均在85%以上。综合浙江杭州和湖南衡阳两地中、晚稻田间试验结果表明,应用5.85 mg a.i./m^(2)三氟苯嘧啶和25.50 mg a.i./m^(2)四唑虫酰胺进行秧苗“送嫁药”处理可减少1~2次大田用药和98%以上的农药有效成分用量,同时还保持着与常规喷施相当的防效,并使寄生蜂总种类和总数量分别提高了29.0%~49.7%和61.2%~69.3%。【结论】秧苗移栽前施用防效优良且持效期长的杀虫剂能减少水稻前期的施药次数和用量,产生较好的经济和生态效益。本研究为利用带药移栽技术推行水稻病虫害的绿色防控提供了重要参考。

湖南再生稻品种筛选试验

选择30个再生稻品种在湘中地区进行品种筛选试验,以期筛选出更适合在湖南地区种植的再生稻品种。结果表明:参试再生稻品种中以C两优0861和和两优1号的周年产量较高,分别为15.849和15.642 t/hm^(2),适宜3月下旬在湘中地区播种;Q两优丝苗、深两优475和甬优4949这3个品种的周年产量均在14.76 t/hm^(2)以上,但是生育期偏长,适宜在湘南地区作再生稻种植,在湘中地区则需适当早播;望两优889的周年产量也处于较高水平,达14.378 t/hm^(2),但是生育期偏短,可以在湘中地区适当晚播或者在湘北地区种植;瑞两优1053、良隆粳1号和良隆粳2号的周年产量过低,均低于8.44 t/hm^(2),Y两优553的生育期过长,均不适宜在湖南作再生稻种植。相关性分析表明,再生稻头季产量和再生季产量均与结实率和每穗粒数呈极显著正相关,与株高的相关性也达显著水平;周年产量与头季产量相关性最强,其次是头季结实率和再生季产量,均达到极显著水平。综上所述,生育期适宜是湖南地区再生稻品种的首选条件,在保证结实率的前提下,促大穗是再生稻两季高产的必要条件。

栽培方式对光敏型高丹草生长发育特性及产量的影响

为探讨黄土高原雨养农业区以青贮为目的的光敏型高丹草春播高产栽培方式,于2014~2015连续两年以光敏型高丹草大卡和海牛为试验材料,采用全膜双垄沟(FFDRF)、全膜平铺(FFP)、半膜平铺(HF)和露地(NM)四种栽培方式进行种植,观察并比较了其生长发育指标和产草量的异同。结果表明:覆膜明显缩短了两个品种的生育期;相对露地处理,除茎粗较稳定外,覆膜处理对其他各农艺性状均影响显著(P<0.05)。两个品种连续两年平均干物质产量以FFDRF处理最高,平均达32.73t/hm2,较FFP、HF和NM分别增产2.14%、27.88%和59.50%,FFP较HF和NM分别增产25.20%和56.16%,HF较NM增产24.73%;两年大卡的干物质产量均高于海牛,平均增产13.52%。综上所述,在黄土高原雨养农业区,以青贮为利用目的时,选择品种大卡以全膜双垄沟或全膜平铺种植方式为最优春播生产模式。

Statistical and Comparative Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Activity over the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal(1977-2018)

A statistical comparative analysis of tropical cyclone activity over the Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal(BoB) has been conducted using best-track data and wind radii information from 1977 to 2018 issued by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Results show that the annual variation in the frequency and duration of tropical cyclones has significantly increased over time over the AS and insignificantly decreased over the BoB. The monthly frequency of tropical cyclones over the AS and the BoB shows a notable bimodal character, with peaks occurring in May and OctoberNovember, respectively. The maximum frequency of tropical cyclones occurs in the second peak as a result of the higher moisture content at mid-levels in the autumn. However, the largest proportion of strong cyclones (H1-H5 grades) occurs in the first peak as a result of the higher sea surface temperatures in early summer. Tropical cyclones over the AS break out later during the first peak and activity ends earlier during the second peak, in contrast with those over the BoB. This is related to the onset and drawback times of the southwest monsoon in the two basins. Tropical cyclones over the AS are mainly generated in the eastern basin, whereas in the BoB the genesis locations are meridionally (zonally) distributed in May-June (October-November) as a result of the seasonal movement of the low-level positive vorticity belt. The Arabian Sea is dominated by tropical cyclones that track west and northwest, accounting for about 74.6%of all the tropical cyclones there, whereas the tropical cyclones with a NE track account for only 25.4%. The proportions of the three types of tracks are similar in the BoB, with each accounting for about 33%of the tropical cyclones. The mean intensity and size of tropical cyclones over the AS are stronger and larger, respectively, than those over the BoB and the size of tropical cyclones over the North Indian Ocean in early summer is larger than that in the autumn. The asymmetrical structure of tropical cyclones over the North Indian Ocean is affected by topography and the longest radius of the 34 kt surface wind often lies in the eastern quadrant of the tropical cyclone circulation in both sea areas.

基于3D打印的小型家用扫地机器人设计

智能家用扫地机器人给人们生活带来很大的便利,具有广阔的市场和应用前景。根据扫地机器人的工作原理,采用轮式结构设计了行走机构,并构建了底盘结构。详细阐述了关键零件的PRO/E建模过程,并运用3D打印技术制作了扫地机器人样机,最后通过反复调试,结果表明该扫地机器人能够完成清扫任务,吸尘效果良好。

通窍鼻炎片联合克拉霉素对慢性鼻窦炎患者嗅觉功能、鼻黏液纤毛传输速度及血清炎性因子的影响

目的:探讨通窍鼻炎片联合克拉霉素对慢性鼻窦炎患者嗅觉功能、鼻黏液纤毛传输速度及血清炎性因子的影响。方法:于2017年11月~2020年6月期间,选取我院门诊收治的慢性鼻窦炎患者86例。根据入院序号奇偶性将患者分为对照组和观察组,各43例。对照组采用克拉霉素治疗,观察组采用通窍鼻炎片联合克拉霉素治疗,均治疗4周。对比两组疗效、临床症状评分、嗅觉功能、鼻黏液纤毛传输速度及血清炎性因子,记录两组不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组的临床总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗4周后T&T主观嗅觉测试法分级均较治疗前改善,且观察组的改善效果优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率对比无明显差异(P>0.05)。治疗4周后,两组鼻黏膜纤毛输送率(MTR)和鼻黏膜纤毛清除率(MCC)均较治疗前升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗4周后,两组血清白介素-5(IL-5)、白介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平均较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗4周后,观察组鼻塞、头晕头痛、鼻漏、嗅觉下降、流涕、喷嚏症状评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:通窍鼻炎片联合克拉霉素治疗慢性鼻窦炎患者疗效显著,可有效改善患者嗅觉功能及鼻黏液纤毛传输速度,缓解临床症状并降低机体炎性因子水平,且安全性较好。