城市湿地的小气候调节功能及其空间梯度效应

在全球气候变化、快速城市化等多重因素的共同作用下,城市热环境日益恶化,严重威胁着城市居民的健康.通过对杭州市西溪湿地的多季节实地观测,分析和量化了西溪湿地的局地小气候调节功能,探讨了其空间梯度效应,剖析了其关键影响因素.研究结果表明:①西溪湿地具有显著的局地小气候调节功能.其在温度、湿度和风速等方面调节效应的平均影响范围分别为137.5,150.0,87.5 m.此外,西溪湿地的局地小气候调节功能还表现出显著的空间梯度效应.②城市湿地的温度调节效应和人体舒适度调节效应具有显著的季节差异.在人体舒适度较低的夏季和冬季,西溪湿地局地小气候调节效应的范围和幅度均大于人体舒适度更高的春季和秋季.季节性湿地的建设有助于最有效地发挥城市湿地的局地小气候调节功能.③太阳辐射和湿度是影响西溪湿地局地小气候调节功能的关键气象因子,它们显著影响着西溪湿地的冷岛效应、湿岛效应和人体舒适度提升效应.在未来的城市湿地规划和建设过程中,将湿地布局在具有特定气象条件的区域,能够更好地发挥城市湿地的局地小气候调节功能.

川南地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩微观孔隙结构特征及主控因素

为研究川南地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩储层的孔隙结构特征及主控因素,对9口取心井的页岩样品开展了有机地球化学、X射线衍射全岩矿物含量及黏土矿物相对含量分析、氩离子抛光扫描电镜观察、高压压汞测试和气体(CO_2和N_2)等温吸附实验等研究。结果表明:①页岩总有机碳(TOC)质量分数平均为2.42%,等效镜质体反射率(R_o)平均为2.83%,有机质处于过成熟阶段;黏土矿物以伊/蒙混层-伊利石-绿泥石组合为主,处于晚成岩阶段。②页岩的平均孔隙度为2.49%,孔径主要为2.6～39.8 nm,以细颈墨水瓶状和狭缝孔为主;饱和吸附气质量体积为0.014 7～0.032 2 cm^3/g,总孔隙比表面积为19.49～40.68 m^2/g,介孔和宏孔为页岩气的储集提供了主要储集空间,微孔对孔隙的比表面积贡献较大。③TOC,R_o和黏土矿物相对含量等均对微孔和介孔的比表面积具有一定的控制作用,黏土矿物层间孔的发育程度对介孔和宏孔的孔隙体积具有一定的影响,脆性矿物含量与微孔、介孔、宏孔的孔隙体积均呈负相关关系。该研究成果对川南地区寻找优质储层和页岩气富集区均具有指导作用。

准噶尔盆地车排子地区下侏罗统八道湾组沉积演化及有利区预测

根据单井和连井相分析,以岩心分析、测井、钻井及地震资料为基础,研究准噶尔盆地车排子地区下侏罗统八道湾组沉积相类型及沉积演化过程;采用井—相控结合方法,分析沉积微相演化和平面展布特征。结果表明:八道湾组主要发育辫状河三角洲沉积体系,其中辫状河和辫状河三角洲是优势沉积相,辫状河三角洲平原比辫状河三角洲前缘物性好。结合沉积厚度、砂地比、连井剖面特征及沉积相平面展布特征,将研究区八道湾组自下而上划分为5个沉积发育时期(MSC1-1、MSC1-2、MSC2、MSC3-1及MSC3-2),不同沉积时期可容空间(A)和沉积物供应(S)相对变化不同,使古水深由浅到深再到浅,由辫状河相向湖泊和沼泽演化,整体呈现湖退—湖进—湖退沉积演化模式。Ⅰ类有利勘探区比Ⅱ类有利勘探区更易形成优质储层,红车断裂带附近斜坡区是有利勘探开发区,八道湾组煤系地层是有利勘探开发层位。该结果对研究准噶尔盆地车排子地区沉积演化过程具有指导意义。

鄂尔多斯盆地中西部长7段烃源岩及致密油潜力评价

由于对鄂尔多斯盆地中西部地区延长组长7段烃源岩缺乏深入研究,制约了该区油气勘探的进程。为了阐明其烃源岩生烃条件,在大量资料和前人研究成果的基础上,对该区长7段烃源岩的分布和地球化学特征进行了系统分析,预测了油气有利勘探区,为研究区延长组致密油勘探提供依据。研究表明,长7段沉积期,研究区烃源岩沉积中心位于姬塬、耿湾、环县东部及白豹—纸坊地区,长7段暗色泥岩平均累计厚度大,烃源岩有机质类型好,丰度高,热演化程度较高,已进入生油阶段,属于典型的优质湖相烃源岩,是该区延长组油藏的主力烃源岩。在研究区圈定了6个有利勘探区,分别位于定边以南的油房庄西部地区、姬塬以东地区、铁边城以南地区、铁边城东北部地区、环县东北部地区以及白豹以南地区。

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部长6、长7储集层特征及控制因素

为研究鄂尔多斯盆地西南部长6、长7储集层特征及其控制因素,开展了岩心观察和描述、铸体薄片鉴定、扫描电镜分析和其他分析测试工作。结果表明:①研究区可识别出垂积作用、侧向加积作用、前积作用和浊积作用等4种沉积类型,划分出水下分流河道、河口坝、重力流砂体等多种沉积微相,并识别出6种成岩相。②储层的物性由沉积作用与成岩作用共同控制,原始沉积组分较粗、塑性矿物含量低的岩石多发育绿泥石薄膜,且次生溶蚀孔隙更发育,储层物性较好;原始沉积组分较细、塑性矿物含量高的岩石,压实作用较强,硅质和碳酸盐胶结物发育,易形成致密储层。③沉积相带决定了岩石先天性的物质基础,成岩作用控制了后期岩石物性的改造效果,二者共同控制了现今岩石的储集性。该研究成果对鄂尔多斯盆地西南部有利储层预测具有指导作用。

乌尔禾—风南地区百口泉组碎屑岩储层成岩作用及孔隙演化

利用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、粒度分析、XRD等测试分析方法,研究乌尔禾—风南地区三叠系百口泉组碎屑岩储层成岩作用特征和孔隙演化过程。结果表明:研究区百口泉组碎屑岩储层主要为岩屑砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩,储集空间类型主要为残余粒间孔、粒内溶孔、微裂缝和收缩缝,经历机械压实—压溶、胶结、溶蚀等成岩作用及裂缝破坏,整体处于早成岩阶段B期—中成岩阶段A期,成岩演化序列依次为早期绿泥石胶结—黄铁矿胶结—石英次生加大边—黏土矿物胶结—方解石胶结—长石溶蚀及高岭石胶结—石英溶蚀。孔隙演化早期以机械压实减孔作用为主,中期钙质、泥质胶结减孔作用发育,后期长石、石英溶蚀增孔作用较强,黏土矿物的收缩及晚期构造裂缝的发育提高储层渗透率。储层孔隙演化阶段划分为压实减孔、压实胶结减孔和溶蚀裂缝增孔3个阶段,压实减孔平均为18.54%,胶结减孔平均为3.96%,溶蚀裂缝增孔平均为7.06%,综合成岩作用和孔隙演化的研究,建立研究区孔隙演化模型。该结果可为研究区储层的形成演化及成藏研究提供依据。

川南地区龙马溪组页岩高压甲烷等温吸附特征

准确测定页岩吸附气含量对于页岩气储层的评价和开发都具有重要的意义,但目前国内外学者在页岩甲烷等温吸附实验中对模型选择、吸附模式及吸附特征参数的认识上存在着差异,并且对于高压等温甲烷吸附特性的研究较少。为此,在利用N2/CO2气体低压等温吸附实验对四川盆地南部地区下志留统龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构特征进行分析的基础上,采用重量法高压甲烷等温吸附实验,选取SDR、Langmuir、BET等3种不同的吸附模型对吸附态甲烷含量进行计算,并对样品甲烷吸附特征进行研究。研究结果表明:①页岩在0~50 nm孔径区间内比表面积分布具有双峰特征,孔体积分布具有三峰特征,较之于中孔,微孔比表面积发育较好,而其孔体积和非均质性均弱于中孔(D1<D2);②3种模型中SDR和Langmuir模型的计算结果与实测值平均误差均小于6%,甲烷分子主要以单分子层与微孔充填吸附模式共存于页岩孔隙内;③在高压深埋藏情况下,温度是影响吸附态甲烷吸附量和密度值的主要因素,但热力学参数、孔隙结构、非均质性等也会对吸附态甲烷密度造成一定的影响;④低压阶段甲烷分子优先以单分子层形式吸附于吸附能较高、比表面积较大的孔径介于0.4~0.8 nm的微孔中,随后大部分甲烷分子以微孔充填与单分子层共存的形式吸附于孔径介于1.4~8.0 nm的微孔与中孔中,高压阶段极少部分甲烷以多分子层形式吸附于中孔及宏孔中。

重庆市县域乡村振兴水平评价及发展路径研究

遵循乡村振兴战略总要求,构建县域乡村振兴水平评价指标体系,以地理学视角对重庆市县域乡村振兴水平的空间差异进行分析,探究差异化的乡村振兴发展路径,以期为巩固脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接,推动乡村发展提供参考.研究表明,重庆市乡村振兴基础空间分异格局特征显著,生态宜居维度呈现东高西低的空间格局,其余4个维度呈现西高东低的空间格局,渝西地区乡村振兴基础更加夯实,渝东北次之,渝东南相对薄弱.结合乡村振兴的基础优势与短板,将重庆市33个区县划分为综合发展型、极化发展型和欠缺发展型3类,提出了相应乡村振兴实施路径.综合发展型区县应巩固加强乡村振兴基础水平,打造乡村振兴示范引领区;极化发展型区县应发挥其优势,补齐短板,保证各区县各个维度均衡发展;欠缺发展型区县应着眼于巩固脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴有效衔接.

Hydrocarbon migration and accumulation along the fault intersection zone-a case study on the reef-flat systems of the No.1 slope break zone in the Tazhong area, Tarim Basin

Understanding hydrocarbon migration and accumulation mechanisms is one of the key scientif ic problems that should be solved for effective hydrocarbon exploration in the superimposed basins developed in northwest China. The northwest striking No.1 slope break zone, which is a representative of superimposed basins in the Tarim Basin, can be divided into five parts due to the intersection of the northeast strike-slip faults. Controlled by the tectonic framework, the types and properties of reservoirs and the hydrocarbon compositions can also be divided into five parts from east to west. Anomalies of all the parameters were found on the fault intersection zone and weakened up-dip along the structural ridge away from it. Thus, it can be inferred that the intersection zone is the hydrocarbon charging position. This new conclusion differs greatly from the traditional viewpoint, which believes that the hydrocarbon migrates and accumulates along the whole plane of the No.1 slope break zone. The viewpoint is further supported by the evidence from the theory of main pathway systems, obvious improvement of the reservoir quality （2-3 orders of magnitude at the intersection zone） and the formation mechanisms of the fault intersection zone. Differential hydrocarbon migration and entrapment exists in and around the strike- slip faults. This is controlled by the internal structure of faults. It is concluded that the more complicated the fault structure is, the more significant the effects will be. If there is a deformation band, it will hinder the cross fault migration due to the common feature of two to four orders of magnitude reduction in permeability. Otherwise, hydrocarbons tend to accumulate in the up-dip structure under the control of buoyancy. Further research on the internal fault structure should be emphasized.

A hydrocarbon enrichment model and prediction of favorable accumulation areas in complicated superimposed basins in China

The geologic conditions of superimposed basins in China are very complicated. This is mainly shown by multi-phase structural evolution, multiple sets of source-reservoir-cap rock combinations, multiple stages of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from source rocks, multi-cycle hydrocarbon enrichment and accumulation, and multi-phase reservoir adjustment and reconstruction. The enrichment, accumulation and distribution of hydrocarbon is mainly controlled by the source rock kitchen, paleo- anticline, regional cap rock and intensity of tectonic movement. In this paper, the T-BCMS model has been developed to predict favorable areas of hydrocarbon accumulation in complicated superimposed basins according to time and spatial relationships among five key factors. The five factors include unconformity surface representing tectonic balancing （B）, regional cap rock representing hydrocarbon protection （C）, paleo-anticline representing hydrocarbon migration and accumulation （M）, source rock kitchen representing hydrocarbon generation and expulsion （S） and geological time （T）. There are three necessary conditions to form favorable areas of hydrocarbon accumulation. First, four key factors BCMS should be strictly in the order of BCMS from top to bottom. Second, superimposition of four key factors BCMS in the same area is the most favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation. Third, vertically ordered combination and superimposition in the same area of BCMS should occur at the same geological time. The model has been used to predict the most favorable exploration areas in Ordovician in the Tarim Basin in the main hydrocarbon accumulation periods. The result shows that 95% of the discovered Ordovician hydrocarbon reservoirs are located in the predicted areas, which indicates the feasibility and reliability of the key factor matching T-BCMS model for hydrocarbon accumulation and enrichment.

Distribution and Significance of Carbazole Compounds in Palaeozoic Oils from the Tazhong Uplift, Tarim

Carbazole compounds in crude oils from the Tazhong uplift of the Tarim basin have been fractionated and detected and successfully used to study petroleum migration and trace source rocks in the study area. Alkylcarbazoles have been found in large amounts in the oil samples analyzed and alkylbenzocarbazoles detected in a small concentration only in part of the samples, but alkyldibenzocarbazoles have not been found in oils. Based on the distribution of G1, G2 and G3 of C2-alkylcarbazoles, the ratio of C3-carbazoles to C2-carbazoles and the relative amounts of alkylcarbazoles and alkylbenzocarbazoles, one can know that the vertical oil migration in the Tazhong uplift is generally from below upward, i.e. from the Ordovician through the Silurian to the Carboniferous. Evidently, source rocks in the uplift should be lower Palaeozoic strata (Ordovician and Cambrian). This study shows that carbazoles are of great importance in the study of petroleum migration and source rocks.

Advances and problems in hydrocarbon exploration in the Tazhong area, Tarim Basin

Located in the middle of the Tarim Basin, Tazhong is a typical area of compound reservoirs rich in oil and gas found in the Carboniferous, Silurian and Ordovician strata. The proved, probable and possible reserves （3P reserves） in the area amount to 5×108 tons, so it is of great significance to study the advances and problems in hydrocarbon exploration in the Tazhong area. On the basis of exploration history and analysis of scientific problems, we outline eight achievements： distribution characteristics of reservoirs, stages of reservoir formation, different sources of oil and gas and their respective contributions, the effective regional caprock and reservoir-caprock combinations dominating the vertical distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs, the control of the Tazhong Palaeo-uplift on reservoir formation and establishing geologic models, structure balance belts influencing the reconstruction and residual potential of reservoirs after accumulation, the rules and mechanisms of fractures controlling oil and gas, and the types of favorable reservoirs and their characteristics of controlling oil and gas distribution. We further point out the main problems about the oil and gas exploration in the Tazhong area and put forward some relevant proposals.

Geophysical methods for the study of sedimentary cycles

We present the wavelet depth-frequency analysis and variable-scale frequency cycle analysis methods to study sedimentary cycles. The spectrum analysis, variable-scale frequency cycle analysis, and wavelet depth-frequency analysis methods are mainly discussed to distinguish sedimentary cycles of different levels. The spectrum analysis method established the relationship between the spectrum characteristics and the thickness and number of sedimentary cycles. Both the variable-scale frequency cycle analysis and the wavelet depth-frequency analysis are based on the wavelet transform. The variable-scale frequency cycle analysis is used to obtain the relationship between the periodic changes of frequency in different scales and sedimentary cycles, and the wavelet depth-frequency analysis is used to obtain the relationship between migration changes of frequency energy clusters and sedimentary cycles. We designed a soft-ware system to process actual logging data from the Changqing Oilfield to analyze the sedimentary cycles, which verified the effectiveness of the three methods, and good results were obtained.

Logging Evaluation of the Ordovician Carbonate Reservoir Beds in the Lungudong Region,Tarim Basin

In recent years, great progress has been made constantly in oil and gas exploration in the Lungudong region of the Tarim Basin. However, progress has been slow in the evaluation of its main oil-producing horizons -- the Ordovician carbonate reservoir beds. Based on previous researches and on the various data such as drilling, geology and oil test, in combination with the interpretation of each single-well imaging and conventional logging data, and through analysis and comparison, the identification methods in imaging and conventional logging for four types of carbonate reservoir beds in this region are summarized in this paper. Calculation formulas for four reservoir bed parameters, i. e. shale content, porosity, permeability and oil saturation in this region are proposed; and reservoir beds in this region are divided into three levels （Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ） by combining oil test data and logging data, The lower limits of the effective porosity of reservoir beds and the fracture porosity of effective reservoir beds are determined as 1.8% and 0.04%, respectively. The physical property parameters are calculated by conventional logging curves, and the most advantageous areas for reservoir development are predicted comprehensively. On the plane, the high-value zones of reservoir bed parameters are mainly concentrated in the N-S-trending strike-slip fault, the Sangtamu fault horst zone and near the LG38 well area; vertically, the reservoir bed parameters of the Yijianfang Formation are better than those of the Yingshan and Lianglitage formations.

Limitation of fault-sealing and its control on hydrocarbon accumulation——An example from the Laoyemiao Oilfi eld of the Nanpu Sag

Based on previous studies on the internal structures of fault belts, the fault belts in the Laoyemiao Oilfield of the Nanpu Sag can be divided into three units, a crushed zone, an upper induced fracture zone and a lower induced fracture zone according to the log response characteristics. The upper induced fracture zone is characterized by the development of pervasive fractures and has a poor sealing or non-sealing capability. It therefore can act as pathways for hydrocarbon migration. The lower induced fracture zone consists of fewer fractures and has limited sealing capability. The crushed zone has a good sealing capability comparable to mudstone and can thus prevent lateral migration of fluid. Through physical modeling and comparing laboratory data with calculated data of oil column heights of traps sealed by faults, it is concluded that the fault-sealing capability for oil and gas is limited. When the oil column height reaches a threshold, oil will spill over from the top of reservoir along the lower induced fracture zone under the action of buoyancy, and the size of reservoir will remain unchanged. Analysis of the formation mechanisms of the fault-sealed reservoirs in the Nanpu Sag indicated that the charging sequence of oil and gas in the reservoir was from lower formation to upper formation, with the fault playing an important role in oil and gas accumulation. The hydrocarbon potential in reverse fault-sealed traps is much better than that in the consequent fault-sealed traps. The reverse fault-sealed traps are favorable and preferred exploration targets.

Estimation on organic carbon content of source rocks by logging evaluation method as exemplified by those of the 4^(th) and 3^(rd) members of the Shahejie Formation in western sag of the Liaohe Oilfield

One of the most important tasks of evaluating natural resources of petroliferous basins is to determine the organic matter abundance of source rocks in the basin.The usual method for assessing the organic carbon content of source rocks is based on laboratory analyses.There is a deviation in calculating organic carbon content due to the heterogeneous distribution of organic matter and the artificial factors when sampling.According to the continuous characteristics of information logging,the conventional logging curves(mainly acoustics and resistivity,etc.) were calibrated with the organic carbon experimental data of cores,cuttings or sidewall cores.The organic carbon content of source rocks of the 4 th(Es 4) and 3 rd(Es 3) members of the Shahejie Formation in western sag in the Liaohe depression was estimated directly by a great amount of continuous data including resistivity and acoustic logging,etc.Comparison between the results from computer processing and lab analysis of logging data shows that the organic carbon contents derived from the computer processing of logging data have the same reliability and accuracy as the lab analysis results.The present data show that this method is suitable to evaluate the source rocks of western sag in the Liaohe depression and has great potential in evaluating natural resources of sedimentary basins in the future.On the basis of logging data of source rocks,experimental data and existing geochemical analyses of the Liaohe Oilfield,the corresponding total organic carbon(TOC) isograms of source rocks were plotted.The source rocks of Es 4 and Es 3 of the Shahejie Formation are thought to be beneficial to hydrocarbon accumulation due to the high TOC.

Study of sedimentary sequence cycles by well-seismic calibration

In order to solve the problems of the fine division of sedimentary sequence cycles and their change in two-dimensional space as well as lateral extension contrast, we developed a method of wavelet depth-frequency analysis. The single signal and composite signal of different Milankovitch cycles are obtained by numerical simulation. The simulated composite signal can be separated into single signals of a single frequency cycle. We also develop a well-seismic calibration insertion technology which helps to realize the calibration from the spectrum characteristics of a single well to the seismic profile. And then we determine the change and distribution characteristics of spectrum cycles in the two-dimensional space. It points out the direction in determining the variations of the regional sedimentary sequence cycles, underground strata structure and the contact relationship.

Geochemical Evidence for Coal and Carbonaceous Mudstone as the Possible Major Oil Source Rock in the Jurassic Turpan Basin, Northwest China

Petroleum geologists have debated whether the hydrocarbons from Jurassic coal measures are derived from the coals, carbonaceous mudstones or coal-measure mudstones in the Turpan Basin. Based on the geochemistry analysis of the 20 crude oils and 40 source rocks from the Turpan Basin, some data have been obtained as follows： carbon preference index and methylphenanthrene index of the Jurassic oils are 1.16-1.45 and 0.28-0.80, and the ααα C29 sterane 20S/（20S＋20R） and C29 sterane ββ/（ββ＋αα） are 0.44-0.51 and 0.4-0.54 respectively, which show the normal maturity of oils; the vitrinite reflectance of the source rocks from the Xishanyao to Badaowan Formations range from 0.47% to 0.97%, which indicate immature to mature thermal evolutionary stage and sufficient conditions for generating mass mature oil. The effect of hydrocarbon expulsion should be considered when studying the source of coal-derived oil by using Biomarkers. Biomarkers in the Jurassic oils from the basin are similar to those in the coals and carbonaceous mudstones, with a strong predominant content of pristane, relatively high ratio of C15 /C16 sesquiterpenoids （1）, a relatively high content of low carbon number tricyclic terpanes and C 24 tetracyclic terpane, little gammacerane and C 29 Ts detected, an absolute predominant content of C29 sterane and a relatively high content of diasterane. However, the opposite characteristics are shown in mudstones, with an approximately equal content of pristane and phytane, relatively low ratio of C15 /C16 sesquiterpenoids （1）, a relatively high content of high carbon number tricyclic terpanes and a low content of C 24 tetracyclic terpane, peaks of gammacerane and C29 Ts detected obviously and an increasing C27 sterane content. All of these characteristics identify the coals and carbonaceous mudstones as the possible major oil source rocks in this area, and they were formed in the stronger oxidizing environment with shallower water than mudstones.

The characteristics of unconformity surface at the bottom of the Paleogene and its significance in hydrocarbon migration in the Sikeshu Sag of the Junggar Basin, Northwest China

The unconformity surface at the bottom of the Paleogene, located in the Sikeshu Sag of the Junggar Basin, Northwest China, is one of the most important hydrocarbon migration pathways and characterized by 3 layers of upper coarse clastic rock, lower weathering crust and leached zone. The upper coarse clastic rock displays features of higher density, lower SDT and gamma-ray logging while the weathering crust in the lower part displays opposite features. The formation water is of NaHCO 3 type but at lower mineralization degree. The QGF indices are generally between 2.19 and 3.77 and the GOI parameters vary from 1% to 5%. From the southeast to the northwest of the sag, the content of saturated hydrocarbon increases from 30.81% to 53.74% while that of non-hydrocarbon and asphaltene decreases. The Pr/nC 17 decreases from 0.65 to 0.47 while the Ph/nC 18 decreases from 0.66 to 0.27, and the content of benzo[c] carbazole declines while the benzo[a] carbazole amount and (alkyl carbazole)/(alkyl+benzo carbazole) ratio both increase. These revealed that the hydrocarbons migrated from the sag to the ramp region along the unconformity surface.

Ordovician Carbonate Reservoir Bed Characteristics and Reservoir-Forming Conditions in the Lungudong Region of the Tarim Basin

Basic characteristics of Ordovician carbonate reservoir beds in the Lungudong region of northeastern part of the Tarim Basin are described in detail and the reservoir-forming conditions of oil and gas are preliminarily discussed in this paper by collecting and sorting out a large amount of data. The carbonate reservoir beds are mainly developed in open-platform and platform marginal facies; the reservoir beds have large changes in and low average values of physical property; the main type is fractured reservoir beds with the fracture-porous type second. The reservoir bed development is chiefly controlled by the distribution of sedimentary facies, tectonic activity and karstification. Whereas the accumulation and distribution of hydrocarbons in the region are controlled by an advantageous structural location, a good reservoir-caprock combination and a favorable transporting system, with the distribution characterized by zones horizontally and belts vertically, the oil and gas are mainly concentrated in areas with structural uplift, densely developed fractures, and surface karst, a vertical vadose zone, and a horizontal undercurrent belt of palaeokarst.