超药品说明书用药在某些情况下是诊疗的合理需求,但其面临潜在的用药安全和法律风险。对于如何指导中国的超药品说明书用药管理,至今尚无相关指南,故北京协和医院牵头,与兰州大学循证医学中心共同组织临床、药学、循证医学、法律和医院...超药品说明书用药在某些情况下是诊疗的合理需求,但其面临潜在的用药安全和法律风险。对于如何指导中国的超药品说明书用药管理,至今尚无相关指南,故北京协和医院牵头,与兰州大学循证医学中心共同组织临床、药学、循证医学、法律和医院管理等多学科领域专家,根据《中华人民共和国医师法》关于超药品说明书用药的规定以及《世界卫生组织指南制定手册》相关指南制订方法,制定了《中国超药品说明书用药管理指南(2021)》。这是我国第一部关于超药品说明书用药的管理指南,共确定9个问题,并形成了23条推荐意见。指南的英文版本Management guideline for the off-label use of medicine in China(2021)已于2022年9月发表,本文对该指南要点进行全面解读,以期提高临床对该问题的认识,为建立标准化的超药品说明书用药管理程序提供参考和帮助。展开更多
Using the multi-physical field simulation software COMSOL,the acoustic characteristics of the multilayer sound absorbing material straight-through perforated pipe muffler are studied by the finite element method.The r...Using the multi-physical field simulation software COMSOL,the acoustic characteristics of the multilayer sound absorbing material straight-through perforated pipe muffler are studied by the finite element method.The results show that the finite element calculation of the multilayer sound absorbing material straight-through the perforated pipe muffler agrees well with the experimental measurement results.The reliability of the finite element method for studying the acoustic performance of the straight-through perforated pipe muffler with multilayer sound absorbing materials is shown.Furthermore,the influence of some structural parameters of porous sound absorbing material and micro-perforated plate on the acoustic performance of the multilayer sound absorbing material straight-through perforated pipe muffler is analyzed.The muffler based on multilayer sound absorbing material is different from the traditional muffler.After applying the multilayer sound absorbing material to the straight-through perforated pipe muffler,the transmission loss value greatly increases,which provides new ideas and directions for future research on the muffler.展开更多
The multilayer impedance composite sound absorption structure of the new muffler is proposed by combining the microporous plate structure with the resonant sound absorption structure of the porous material.Firstly,the...The multilayer impedance composite sound absorption structure of the new muffler is proposed by combining the microporous plate structure with the resonant sound absorption structure of the porous material.Firstly,the acoustic impedance and acoustic absorption coefficient of the new muffler structure are calculated by acoustic electric analogy method,and then the noise attenuation is calculated.When the new muffler structure parameters change,the relationship among the noise frequency,the sound absorption coefficient and the noise attenuation is calculated by using MATLAB.Finally,the calculated results are compared with the experimental data to verify the correctness of the theoretical calculation.The variation of resonance peak,resonance frequency and attenuation band width of each structural parameter is analyzed by the relation curve.The conclusion shows that it is feasible to use multilayer sound absorbing materials as the body structure of the new muffler.And the influence relationship between the change of various parameters of the sound absorption structure with the sound absorption coefficient and noise attenuation is obtained.展开更多
文摘超药品说明书用药在某些情况下是诊疗的合理需求,但其面临潜在的用药安全和法律风险。对于如何指导中国的超药品说明书用药管理,至今尚无相关指南,故北京协和医院牵头,与兰州大学循证医学中心共同组织临床、药学、循证医学、法律和医院管理等多学科领域专家,根据《中华人民共和国医师法》关于超药品说明书用药的规定以及《世界卫生组织指南制定手册》相关指南制订方法,制定了《中国超药品说明书用药管理指南(2021)》。这是我国第一部关于超药品说明书用药的管理指南,共确定9个问题,并形成了23条推荐意见。指南的英文版本Management guideline for the off-label use of medicine in China(2021)已于2022年9月发表,本文对该指南要点进行全面解读,以期提高临床对该问题的认识,为建立标准化的超药品说明书用药管理程序提供参考和帮助。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51705545 and 15A460041)。
文摘Using the multi-physical field simulation software COMSOL,the acoustic characteristics of the multilayer sound absorbing material straight-through perforated pipe muffler are studied by the finite element method.The results show that the finite element calculation of the multilayer sound absorbing material straight-through the perforated pipe muffler agrees well with the experimental measurement results.The reliability of the finite element method for studying the acoustic performance of the straight-through perforated pipe muffler with multilayer sound absorbing materials is shown.Furthermore,the influence of some structural parameters of porous sound absorbing material and micro-perforated plate on the acoustic performance of the multilayer sound absorbing material straight-through perforated pipe muffler is analyzed.The muffler based on multilayer sound absorbing material is different from the traditional muffler.After applying the multilayer sound absorbing material to the straight-through perforated pipe muffler,the transmission loss value greatly increases,which provides new ideas and directions for future research on the muffler.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51705545 and 15A460041)。
文摘The multilayer impedance composite sound absorption structure of the new muffler is proposed by combining the microporous plate structure with the resonant sound absorption structure of the porous material.Firstly,the acoustic impedance and acoustic absorption coefficient of the new muffler structure are calculated by acoustic electric analogy method,and then the noise attenuation is calculated.When the new muffler structure parameters change,the relationship among the noise frequency,the sound absorption coefficient and the noise attenuation is calculated by using MATLAB.Finally,the calculated results are compared with the experimental data to verify the correctness of the theoretical calculation.The variation of resonance peak,resonance frequency and attenuation band width of each structural parameter is analyzed by the relation curve.The conclusion shows that it is feasible to use multilayer sound absorbing materials as the body structure of the new muffler.And the influence relationship between the change of various parameters of the sound absorption structure with the sound absorption coefficient and noise attenuation is obtained.
