目的:了解胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(TSLP)在1-氯-2,4-二硝基苯(DNCB)致敏诱导皮炎小鼠中的表达,并评价TSLP在小鼠皮炎免疫反应中的作用。方法:将20只11周龄SPF级BALB/c小鼠随机分为2组(每组10只):致敏组先后接受含1.0%和0.1%DNCB的橄榄...目的:了解胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(TSLP)在1-氯-2,4-二硝基苯(DNCB)致敏诱导皮炎小鼠中的表达,并评价TSLP在小鼠皮炎免疫反应中的作用。方法:将20只11周龄SPF级BALB/c小鼠随机分为2组(每组10只):致敏组先后接受含1.0%和0.1%DNCB的橄榄油丙酮(4∶1)溶液反复刺激背部皮肤,对照组接受基质溶液(橄榄油∶丙酮=4∶1)涂抹背部皮肤。实验期间观察小鼠皮炎症状,监测小鼠挠痒次数和皮炎症状评分,观察皮肤组织病理改变。21 d后检测2组血浆总Ig E水平;利用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(q PCR)法检测皮肤、肝脏、脾脏和肾脏组织中TSLP m RNA水平,采用western-blot法分析TSLP蛋白表达情况。结果:2组小鼠的抓挠次数和皮炎症状评分分别在致敏第8天和第6天后出现差异(P<0.05);致敏组小鼠血浆总Ig E水平[(132.61±14.89)μg/L]较对照组[(109.13±2.51)μg/L]显著升高(t=4.92,P<0.05)。与对照组(1)相比,致敏组皮肤(1.83)、脾脏(1.06)和肾脏(1.10)组织中TSLP m RNA相对表达量均升高,而肝脏(0.90)组织TSLP m RNA相对表达量降低,但组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。Western-blot结果示TSLP蛋白在上述组织中的表达均无差异。结论:TSLP在DNCB致敏诱导皮炎小鼠的皮肤、肝脏、脾脏和肾脏组织中表达均无明显差异,其在小鼠皮炎免疫反应中的作用仍需进一步的研究。展开更多
有机-无机杂化甲氨铅碘类钙钛矿太阳能电池在制备及使用过程中,甲氨铅碘层中的甲基铵离子易分解为甲基离子/基团和氨离子/基团,其中氨离子/基团可以扩散进入铟锡氧化物(indium tin oxide,ITO)透明电极层,并影响ITO的电学性质.本文通过...有机-无机杂化甲氨铅碘类钙钛矿太阳能电池在制备及使用过程中,甲氨铅碘层中的甲基铵离子易分解为甲基离子/基团和氨离子/基团,其中氨离子/基团可以扩散进入铟锡氧化物(indium tin oxide,ITO)透明电极层,并影响ITO的电学性质.本文通过低能氨离子束与ITO薄膜表面相互作用,研究低能氨离子/基团在ITO薄膜表面扩散过程,及其对ITO薄膜电学性质的影响规律.研究结果表明,低能氨离子/基团在ITO薄膜表面扩散过程中,主要与ITO晶格中的O元素结合形成In/Sn-O-N键.ITO不同晶面的O元素含量不同,低能氨离子/基团能够在无择优ITO薄膜表面的各个晶面进行扩散,因此将严重影响其电学性质,导致无择优ITO薄膜电阻率增加约6个数量级.但(100)择优取向ITO薄膜的主晶面为(100)晶面,最外层由In/Sn元素构成,不含O元素.因此(100)择优取向ITO薄膜能够有效地抑制低能氨离子/基团扩散,并保持原始电学性质.最终,(100)择优取向ITO薄膜有望成为理想的有机-无机杂化甲氨铅碘类钙钛矿太阳能电池用透明电极层材料.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of the degree of unsaturation（unsaturity） of long-chain fatty acids on microbial protein content and the activities of transaminases and dehydrogenase in vitro using goat rumen fl...This study investigated the effects of the degree of unsaturation（unsaturity） of long-chain fatty acids on microbial protein content and the activities of transaminases and dehydrogenase in vitro using goat rumen fluid as the cultural medium.Six types of fatty acids,stearic acid（C18：0,group A,control group）,oleic acid（C18：1,n-9,group B）,linoleic acid（C18：2,n-6,group C）,α-linolenic acid（C18：3,n-3,group D）,arachidonic acid（C20：4,n-6,group E）,and eicosapentaenoic acid（C20：5,n-3,group F）,were tested,and the inclusion ratio of each fatty acid was 3%（w/w） in total of culture substrate.Samples were taken at 0,3,6,9,12,18 and 24 h,respectively,during culture for analyses.Compared with stearic acid,linoleic acid,a-linolenic acid,and arachidonic acid increased the bacterial protein content,while oleic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid had no significant effects;the protozoal protein content was reduced for all the unsaturated fatty acids,and the magnitude of the reduction appeared to be associated with the degree of unsaturity of fatty acids.The total microbial protein content was dominantly accounted by the protozoal protein content（about 4-9 folds of the bacterial protein）,and only increased by linoleic acid,but reduced by oleic acid,arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid.There were no significant effects in the activities of both glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase（GOT） and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase（GPT） for all the other fatty acids,except for arachidonic acid which enhanced GOT activity and oleic acid which enhanced GPT activity.The total dehydrogenase activity was positively correlated with the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids.In conclusion,the inclusion of 3%of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids increased bacterial protein content,whereas reduced protozoal protein content and enhanced dehydrogenase activity.The fatty acids with more than three double bonds had detrimental effects on the microbial protein content.This work demonstrates for the first time the effect rule of the unsaturation degree of long-chain fatty acids on the rumen microbial protein in vitro.展开更多
文摘目的:了解胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(TSLP)在1-氯-2,4-二硝基苯(DNCB)致敏诱导皮炎小鼠中的表达,并评价TSLP在小鼠皮炎免疫反应中的作用。方法:将20只11周龄SPF级BALB/c小鼠随机分为2组(每组10只):致敏组先后接受含1.0%和0.1%DNCB的橄榄油丙酮(4∶1)溶液反复刺激背部皮肤,对照组接受基质溶液(橄榄油∶丙酮=4∶1)涂抹背部皮肤。实验期间观察小鼠皮炎症状,监测小鼠挠痒次数和皮炎症状评分,观察皮肤组织病理改变。21 d后检测2组血浆总Ig E水平;利用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(q PCR)法检测皮肤、肝脏、脾脏和肾脏组织中TSLP m RNA水平,采用western-blot法分析TSLP蛋白表达情况。结果:2组小鼠的抓挠次数和皮炎症状评分分别在致敏第8天和第6天后出现差异(P<0.05);致敏组小鼠血浆总Ig E水平[(132.61±14.89)μg/L]较对照组[(109.13±2.51)μg/L]显著升高(t=4.92,P<0.05)。与对照组(1)相比,致敏组皮肤(1.83)、脾脏(1.06)和肾脏(1.10)组织中TSLP m RNA相对表达量均升高,而肝脏(0.90)组织TSLP m RNA相对表达量降低,但组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。Western-blot结果示TSLP蛋白在上述组织中的表达均无差异。结论:TSLP在DNCB致敏诱导皮炎小鼠的皮肤、肝脏、脾脏和肾脏组织中表达均无明显差异,其在小鼠皮炎免疫反应中的作用仍需进一步的研究。
文摘有机-无机杂化甲氨铅碘类钙钛矿太阳能电池在制备及使用过程中,甲氨铅碘层中的甲基铵离子易分解为甲基离子/基团和氨离子/基团,其中氨离子/基团可以扩散进入铟锡氧化物(indium tin oxide,ITO)透明电极层,并影响ITO的电学性质.本文通过低能氨离子束与ITO薄膜表面相互作用,研究低能氨离子/基团在ITO薄膜表面扩散过程,及其对ITO薄膜电学性质的影响规律.研究结果表明,低能氨离子/基团在ITO薄膜表面扩散过程中,主要与ITO晶格中的O元素结合形成In/Sn-O-N键.ITO不同晶面的O元素含量不同,低能氨离子/基团能够在无择优ITO薄膜表面的各个晶面进行扩散,因此将严重影响其电学性质,导致无择优ITO薄膜电阻率增加约6个数量级.但(100)择优取向ITO薄膜的主晶面为(100)晶面,最外层由In/Sn元素构成,不含O元素.因此(100)择优取向ITO薄膜能够有效地抑制低能氨离子/基团扩散,并保持原始电学性质.最终,(100)择优取向ITO薄膜有望成为理想的有机-无机杂化甲氨铅碘类钙钛矿太阳能电池用透明电极层材料.
基金financially supported by the Innovation Foundation for Undergraduate of Yangzhou University,China (201311117034)the Domestic Cooperative Innovation ofIndustry-University-Research(XT20140012)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),China
文摘This study investigated the effects of the degree of unsaturation（unsaturity） of long-chain fatty acids on microbial protein content and the activities of transaminases and dehydrogenase in vitro using goat rumen fluid as the cultural medium.Six types of fatty acids,stearic acid（C18：0,group A,control group）,oleic acid（C18：1,n-9,group B）,linoleic acid（C18：2,n-6,group C）,α-linolenic acid（C18：3,n-3,group D）,arachidonic acid（C20：4,n-6,group E）,and eicosapentaenoic acid（C20：5,n-3,group F）,were tested,and the inclusion ratio of each fatty acid was 3%（w/w） in total of culture substrate.Samples were taken at 0,3,6,9,12,18 and 24 h,respectively,during culture for analyses.Compared with stearic acid,linoleic acid,a-linolenic acid,and arachidonic acid increased the bacterial protein content,while oleic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid had no significant effects;the protozoal protein content was reduced for all the unsaturated fatty acids,and the magnitude of the reduction appeared to be associated with the degree of unsaturity of fatty acids.The total microbial protein content was dominantly accounted by the protozoal protein content（about 4-9 folds of the bacterial protein）,and only increased by linoleic acid,but reduced by oleic acid,arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid.There were no significant effects in the activities of both glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase（GOT） and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase（GPT） for all the other fatty acids,except for arachidonic acid which enhanced GOT activity and oleic acid which enhanced GPT activity.The total dehydrogenase activity was positively correlated with the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids.In conclusion,the inclusion of 3%of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids increased bacterial protein content,whereas reduced protozoal protein content and enhanced dehydrogenase activity.The fatty acids with more than three double bonds had detrimental effects on the microbial protein content.This work demonstrates for the first time the effect rule of the unsaturation degree of long-chain fatty acids on the rumen microbial protein in vitro.
