风电齿轮箱的结构复杂且运行环境恶劣,是风电机组中故障率最高的部件,其性能直接影响风电机组的稳定性和安全性,严重时可能会造成财产损失甚至人员伤亡。为此,基于静电监测原理,采用多个静电传感器对风电齿轮箱摩擦磨损产生的二次效应...风电齿轮箱的结构复杂且运行环境恶劣,是风电机组中故障率最高的部件,其性能直接影响风电机组的稳定性和安全性,严重时可能会造成财产损失甚至人员伤亡。为此,基于静电监测原理,采用多个静电传感器对风电齿轮箱摩擦磨损产生的二次效应同时进行监测;基于提取到的时域特征参数和复杂度度量参数,运用移动窗局部离群因子(moving window local outlier factor,MWLOF)算法分别对负荷试验和破坏试验中风电齿轮箱磨损状态的静电监测信号的变化趋势进行分析。结果表明:在负荷试验中,静电监测方法可在部分故障发生前提前监测到风电齿轮箱早期的性能退化;在破坏试验中,静电监测方法比振动监测方法提前200~1000个样本点监测到风电齿轮箱的故障。研究表明,静电监测方法作为一种新型的状态监测技术,能够有效提高对风电齿轮箱磨损状态的监测能力,可对其早期故障的产生作出较准确的预警,这可为大型设备关键部件的状态监测提供参考。展开更多
The effects of two lignins isolated from black liquor from pulping process on nitrification in soils after addition of urea, (NH_4)_2SO_4 and (NH_4)_2HPO_4 were investigated by incubation at 20 or 30℃ for 7 or 14 d. ...The effects of two lignins isolated from black liquor from pulping process on nitrification in soils after addition of urea, (NH_4)_2SO_4 and (NH_4)_2HPO_4 were investigated by incubation at 20 or 30℃ for 7 or 14 d. The effects of lignin on nitrous oxide emissions from soil were also determined. Results showed that both lignins were more effective for inhibiting nitrification of NH_4 +-N as (NH_4)_2SO_4 or (NH_4)_2HPO_4 as compared to urea-N. The effectiveness of lignin on nitrification was markedly affected by different soil type and temperature. Nitrous oxide emissions from soil declined when lignin was used. Urea plus 20 and 50 g/kg lignin reduced N_2O emissions by about 83% and 96%, respectively, while (NH_4)_2HPO_4 plus 20 and 50 g/kg lignin respectively reduced emissions by 83% and 93%. Because of its low cost and nonhazardous characteristics, lignin has potential value as a fertilizer amendment to improve N fertilizer efficiency.展开更多
文摘风电齿轮箱的结构复杂且运行环境恶劣,是风电机组中故障率最高的部件,其性能直接影响风电机组的稳定性和安全性,严重时可能会造成财产损失甚至人员伤亡。为此,基于静电监测原理,采用多个静电传感器对风电齿轮箱摩擦磨损产生的二次效应同时进行监测;基于提取到的时域特征参数和复杂度度量参数,运用移动窗局部离群因子(moving window local outlier factor,MWLOF)算法分别对负荷试验和破坏试验中风电齿轮箱磨损状态的静电监测信号的变化趋势进行分析。结果表明:在负荷试验中,静电监测方法可在部分故障发生前提前监测到风电齿轮箱早期的性能退化;在破坏试验中,静电监测方法比振动监测方法提前200~1000个样本点监测到风电齿轮箱的故障。研究表明,静电监测方法作为一种新型的状态监测技术,能够有效提高对风电齿轮箱磨损状态的监测能力,可对其早期故障的产生作出较准确的预警,这可为大型设备关键部件的状态监测提供参考。
文摘The effects of two lignins isolated from black liquor from pulping process on nitrification in soils after addition of urea, (NH_4)_2SO_4 and (NH_4)_2HPO_4 were investigated by incubation at 20 or 30℃ for 7 or 14 d. The effects of lignin on nitrous oxide emissions from soil were also determined. Results showed that both lignins were more effective for inhibiting nitrification of NH_4 +-N as (NH_4)_2SO_4 or (NH_4)_2HPO_4 as compared to urea-N. The effectiveness of lignin on nitrification was markedly affected by different soil type and temperature. Nitrous oxide emissions from soil declined when lignin was used. Urea plus 20 and 50 g/kg lignin reduced N_2O emissions by about 83% and 96%, respectively, while (NH_4)_2HPO_4 plus 20 and 50 g/kg lignin respectively reduced emissions by 83% and 93%. Because of its low cost and nonhazardous characteristics, lignin has potential value as a fertilizer amendment to improve N fertilizer efficiency.
