目的为了提高双极板在质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)工作环境下的耐蚀性。方法在1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二乙酯盐([EMIM][DEP])离子液体中,在316 L不锈钢(SS)基体上电聚合聚苯胺(PANI)膜。用红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线光电子能...目的为了提高双极板在质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)工作环境下的耐蚀性。方法在1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二乙酯盐([EMIM][DEP])离子液体中,在316 L不锈钢(SS)基体上电聚合聚苯胺(PANI)膜。用红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行微观结构表征。通入氢气(H2)模拟阳极反应气氛,控制电位为−0.1 V(vs.SCE),模拟阳极工作电位,采用开路电位(OCP)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和极化曲线研究H_(2)对PANI/316 L SS双极板腐蚀性能的影响。结果FTIR显示有苯环、醌环、P==O和—COOH伸缩振动,Raman显示有掺杂态半醌自由基C—N+·伸缩振动,XPS表明PANI膜含有C、N、O和P等元素。极化曲线腐蚀电流密度按照H_(2)>N_(2)>O_(2)(DO)依次增大,EIS容抗弧半径按照H_(2)<N_(2)<O_(2) O_(2)(DO)依次减小。H2环境使PANI/316 L SS体系OCP下降0.06 V,电荷转移电阻(Rct)值下降55Ω/cm^(2),自腐蚀电位下降0.3 V左右。结论PANI具有中间氧化态结构,(CH_(3)CH_(2))_(2)PO_(4)−和HOOC—COO−作为“对阴离子”在PANI中发生共掺杂。在PEMFC阳极工作电位下,H_(2)对PANI/316 L SS耐蚀性有显著影响,H2使PANI膜发生还原,—N+==与—N+H—的和与总N原子含量的比值(N+/N值)下降1.4%,导致PANI分子链中的“对阴离子”发生脱掺杂,PANI/316 L SS体系耐蚀性下降。展开更多
Background A satisfactory animal model of breast cancer metastasizing to bone is unavailable. In this study, we used human breast cancer stem-like cells and human bone to build a novel “human-source” model of human ...Background A satisfactory animal model of breast cancer metastasizing to bone is unavailable. In this study, we used human breast cancer stem-like cells and human bone to build a novel “human-source” model of human breast cancer skeletal metastasis. Methods Human breast cancer stem-like cells, the CD44^＋/CD24^-/lower subpopulation, was separated and cultured. Before injection with the stem-like cells, mice were implanted with human bone in the right or left dorsal flanks. Animals in Groups A, B, and C were injected with 1×10^5, 1×10^6 human breast cancer stem-like cells, and 1×10^6 parental MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. A positive control group （D） without implantation of human bone was also injected with 1×10^6 MDA-MB-231 cells. Immunohistochemistry was performed for determination of CD34, CD105, smooth muscle antibody, CD44, CD24, cytokine, CXC chemokine receptor-4 （CXCR4）, and osteopontin （OPN）. mRNA levels of CD44, CD24, CXCR4, and OPN in bone metastasis tissues were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR）.Results Our results demonstrated that cells in implanted human bones of group B, which received 1×10^6 cancer stem-like cells, stained strongly positive for CD44, CXCR4, and OPN, whereas those of other groups showed no or minimum staining. Moreover, group B had the highest incidence of human bone metastasis （77.8%, P=0.0230） and no accompaniment of other tissue metastasis. The real-time PCR showed an increase of CD44, CXCR4, and OPN mRNA in metastatic bone tissues in group B compared with those of groups C and D, however the expression of CD24 mRNA in group B were the lowest. Conclusions In the novel “human source” model of breast cancer, breast cancer stem-like cells demonstrated a higher human bone-seeking ability. Its mechanism might be related to the higher expressions of CD44, CXCR4, and OPN, and the lower expression of CD24 in breast cancer stem-like cells.展开更多
Objective: To observe the effect of Chinese herbal fumigation combined with three-step tuina manipulation on concentration of endothelin(ET) and calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) and vertigo in patients with verte...Objective: To observe the effect of Chinese herbal fumigation combined with three-step tuina manipulation on concentration of endothelin(ET) and calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) and vertigo in patients with vertebral artery cervical spondylosis(VACS). Methods: A total of 120 eligible cases were randomly allocated into an observation group and a control group, 60 in each group. Cases in the observation group were treated with Chinese herbal fumigation combined with three-step tuina manipulation, whereas cases in the control group were treated with oral Flunarizine Hydrochloride Capsules. Results: After treatment, vertigo in both groups was alleviated; there were intra-group significant differences in ET decrease and CGRP increase(P<0.01, P<0.05); and there were also inter-group significant differences(both P<0.05). Conclusion: Chinese herbal fumigation combined with three-step tuina manipulation can regulate the levels of ET and CGRP and improve vertigo in patients with VACS. Its therapeutic efficacy is superior to oral Flunarizine Hydrochloride Capsules.展开更多
文摘目的为了提高双极板在质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)工作环境下的耐蚀性。方法在1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二乙酯盐([EMIM][DEP])离子液体中,在316 L不锈钢(SS)基体上电聚合聚苯胺(PANI)膜。用红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行微观结构表征。通入氢气(H2)模拟阳极反应气氛,控制电位为−0.1 V(vs.SCE),模拟阳极工作电位,采用开路电位(OCP)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和极化曲线研究H_(2)对PANI/316 L SS双极板腐蚀性能的影响。结果FTIR显示有苯环、醌环、P==O和—COOH伸缩振动,Raman显示有掺杂态半醌自由基C—N+·伸缩振动,XPS表明PANI膜含有C、N、O和P等元素。极化曲线腐蚀电流密度按照H_(2)>N_(2)>O_(2)(DO)依次增大,EIS容抗弧半径按照H_(2)<N_(2)<O_(2) O_(2)(DO)依次减小。H2环境使PANI/316 L SS体系OCP下降0.06 V,电荷转移电阻(Rct)值下降55Ω/cm^(2),自腐蚀电位下降0.3 V左右。结论PANI具有中间氧化态结构,(CH_(3)CH_(2))_(2)PO_(4)−和HOOC—COO−作为“对阴离子”在PANI中发生共掺杂。在PEMFC阳极工作电位下,H_(2)对PANI/316 L SS耐蚀性有显著影响,H2使PANI膜发生还原,—N+==与—N+H—的和与总N原子含量的比值(N+/N值)下降1.4%,导致PANI分子链中的“对阴离子”发生脱掺杂,PANI/316 L SS体系耐蚀性下降。
基金This work was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 300740076）, Jiangsu Six Kinds of Outstanding Talents Foundation （No. 2006B070）, Jiangsu Science and Education for Health Foundation （No. RC2007054） and Jiangsu Province Post-doctor Foundation （No. 0601048B）.
文摘Background A satisfactory animal model of breast cancer metastasizing to bone is unavailable. In this study, we used human breast cancer stem-like cells and human bone to build a novel “human-source” model of human breast cancer skeletal metastasis. Methods Human breast cancer stem-like cells, the CD44^＋/CD24^-/lower subpopulation, was separated and cultured. Before injection with the stem-like cells, mice were implanted with human bone in the right or left dorsal flanks. Animals in Groups A, B, and C were injected with 1×10^5, 1×10^6 human breast cancer stem-like cells, and 1×10^6 parental MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. A positive control group （D） without implantation of human bone was also injected with 1×10^6 MDA-MB-231 cells. Immunohistochemistry was performed for determination of CD34, CD105, smooth muscle antibody, CD44, CD24, cytokine, CXC chemokine receptor-4 （CXCR4）, and osteopontin （OPN）. mRNA levels of CD44, CD24, CXCR4, and OPN in bone metastasis tissues were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR）.Results Our results demonstrated that cells in implanted human bones of group B, which received 1×10^6 cancer stem-like cells, stained strongly positive for CD44, CXCR4, and OPN, whereas those of other groups showed no or minimum staining. Moreover, group B had the highest incidence of human bone metastasis （77.8%, P=0.0230） and no accompaniment of other tissue metastasis. The real-time PCR showed an increase of CD44, CXCR4, and OPN mRNA in metastatic bone tissues in group B compared with those of groups C and D, however the expression of CD24 mRNA in group B were the lowest. Conclusions In the novel “human source” model of breast cancer, breast cancer stem-like cells demonstrated a higher human bone-seeking ability. Its mechanism might be related to the higher expressions of CD44, CXCR4, and OPN, and the lower expression of CD24 in breast cancer stem-like cells.
文摘Objective: To observe the effect of Chinese herbal fumigation combined with three-step tuina manipulation on concentration of endothelin(ET) and calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) and vertigo in patients with vertebral artery cervical spondylosis(VACS). Methods: A total of 120 eligible cases were randomly allocated into an observation group and a control group, 60 in each group. Cases in the observation group were treated with Chinese herbal fumigation combined with three-step tuina manipulation, whereas cases in the control group were treated with oral Flunarizine Hydrochloride Capsules. Results: After treatment, vertigo in both groups was alleviated; there were intra-group significant differences in ET decrease and CGRP increase(P<0.01, P<0.05); and there were also inter-group significant differences(both P<0.05). Conclusion: Chinese herbal fumigation combined with three-step tuina manipulation can regulate the levels of ET and CGRP and improve vertigo in patients with VACS. Its therapeutic efficacy is superior to oral Flunarizine Hydrochloride Capsules.
