我国农村厕所改造的区域特征及路径探析

为促进农村卫生厕所改造,推动乡村人居环境整治,改善乡村生态环境。基于对我国农村厕所污染防治措施及改造类型的梳理,利用《中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴》数据,分析农村卫生厕所普及率与区域特征,探讨农村改厕的区域差异来源与提升路径。结果表明,我国农村卫生厕所主要包括粪尿分集式和水冲式两种类型。截止到2016年,我国卫生厕所普及率和无害化卫生厕所普及率分别为80.40%和60.50%。从区域上来看,东部卫生厕所普及率高于中部和西部,东北部无害化卫生厕所普及率仅有27.86%,约为西部的1/2、东部的1/3。从厕所类型上看,粪尿分集式厕所在各区域的应用比例较小,东部、西部和中部主要选择水冲式厕所,应用比例分别为85.28%、72.47%和65.52%;东北部主要应用其他类型厕所,比例为64.75%。研究表明,我国农村卫生厕所普及率区域差异明显,呈现"东高西低、南高北低"的格局,农村自然条件、发展水平、人文素养、政策落实等因素,是卫生厕所类型、数量、利用程度与功效的区域差异来源,未来农村改厕路径包括提高卫生厕所适用性、普及率、利用率和粪尿资源循环性。

不同土层复配方案对土壤水稳性团聚体及有机质的影响

为探究"治沟造地"重大工程项目(GLCP)中新增耕地快速改良的方法,达到营造良好土壤、提升新增耕地生产能力的目的,以延安羊圈沟流域的GLCP为背景,利用马兰黄土(ML)和红黏土(RC)对新造耕地0~30 cm土层进行复配试验。结果表明:当RC为20 cm、ML为10 cm(T3处理)时,复配层土壤孔隙度较对照处理增加了16.7%,容重下降了11.1%。与对照组相比,T3处理0~10、10~20、20~30 cm土层中>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量(W0.25)显著增加,分别增加了11.8、12.3倍和27.9倍;T2(RC为25 cm、ML为5 cm)、T3处理更利于大团聚体的形成,较对照组除在0.25~0.5、0.5~1 mm的粒级有较大增加外,在2~5 mm和>5 mm粒径范围也有明显增加。0~20 cm土层中,即使在考虑对照组前期土壤有机质积累的情况下,T3处理的土壤有机质也与对照组相近甚至更高,且高于其他试验组,表现出更好的有机质赋存能力。T3处理的玉米生长状况较好,其地上生物量最高,较对照组提高了23.9%。研究表明,当复配土壤RC为20 cm、ML为10 cm时,土壤具有最佳的性状和生产力。试验初步证明土层复配是一种可行的快速营造高质量土壤的方法,该方法可为GLCP新造地的改良及类似土地整治工程的实施提供实践参考。

GIS-Based Assessment of Land Suitability for Optimal Allocation in the Qinling Mountains, China

A GIS-based method was used to assess land suitability in the Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi Province of China through simultaneous consideration of physical features and current land use. Through interpretation of Landsat TM images and extensive field visits the area was modeled into 40 land types in five altitudinal zones (valleys and gullies, hillsides and terraces, foothills, mid-mountain, and sub-alpine mountain). Then, a suitability score was assigned to five physical factors (climate, hydrology, topography, soil, and vegetation). Next, their integrated overall suitability value scores were compared with the observed land cover to determine whether it should be reallocated a new use. Results showed that the five suitability classes of agriculture, forest, grassland, farmland-woodland, and scrub-pasture had altitudinal stratification and a total of 1151 km2 (8.89%) of lands on the northern slopes of the Qinling Mountains had to be reallocated. To achieve this reallocation, 657 km2 of arable land should be reduced, and forest, grassland and scrub-pasture increased by 615 km2, 131 km2 and 405 km2, respectively. Implementation of these recommended land reallocations should help achieve suitable use of land resources and prevent land degradation.

Accurate Quantification of Grassland Cover Density in an Alpine Meadow Soil Based on Remote Sensing and GPS

The principles of remotely estimating grassland cover density in an alpine meadow soil from space lie in the synchronous collection of in situ samples with the satellite pass and statistically linking these cover densities to their image properties according to their geographic coordinates. The principles and procedures for quantifying grassland cover density from satellite image data were presented with an example from Qinghai Lake, China demonstrating how quantification could be made more accurate through the integrated use of remote sensing and global positioning systems (GPS). An empirical model was applied to an entire satellite image to convert pixel values into ground cover density. Satellite data based on 68 field samples was used to produce a map of ten cover densities. After calibration a strong linear regression relationship (r2 = 0.745) between pixel values on the satellite image and in situ measured grassland cover density was established with an 89% accuracy level. However, to minimize positional uncertainty of field samples, integrated use of hyperspatial satellite data and GPS could be utilized. This integration could reduce disparity in ground and space sampling intervals, and improve future quantification accuracy even more.

Land Use Changes of an Aeolian-Loessial Soil Area in Northwest China: Implications for Ecological Restoration

China has experienced dramatic land use changes over recent decades, with marked environmental and socio-economic consequences. Hengshan County, located in the aeolian-loessial area of Northwest China, was investigated to illustrate land use changes and their implications for environmental and long-term rural economic development. The farmland in Hengshan County significantly decreased during 1990–2003, whereas forest land and grassland increased. The conversion rates of farmland, orchard land, forest land and construction land varied markedly among different periods: 1990–1995, 1995–2000 and 2000–2003. Conversion of orchard land, grassland and construction land was dominant in 1990–1995, whereas the conversion of farmland to forest land mainly occurred in 2000–2003. The results suggested a profound transition in institutional policy and political economy of land management, including implementation of integrated soil erosion control projects, adoption of a market-oriented economy and the ‘Grain-for-Green’ policy, during this period in China. To achieve long-term sustainable land use in Hengshan County, efforts should aim at increasing off-farm income of rural families as well as establishing land-economizing mechanisms to promote land productivity, in addition to conservation measures.

Local Responses to Macro Development Policies and Their Effects on Rural System in China's Mountainous Regions:The Case of Shuanghe Village in Sichuan Province

China has promulgated a series of policies including the Western Development Program, the Grain for Green Project, agricultural support policies and building a new countryside strategy to eliminate east-west differences and urban-rural disparities since the late 1990s. This paper gives a holistic examination on local responses to the four typical macro socio-economic development policies and their effects on rural system based on a case study of a mountainous village in southern Sichuan Province. The results showed that the policies have not moved the case study village from its historically marginal status. To some extent, its socio-economic situation might have been worsened by accelerated out- migration of the youth, loss of agricultural land due to afforestation and industrial plants, increased fire hazard due to afforestation and reforestation, increased environmental pollution due to industrial enterprises attracted to the village and a steep decline in agricultural production due to loss of and inefficient use of cultivated land. Factors causing local villages' dilemmas include the nonuniformity of actors' objectives, finiteness of villagers' abilities, and the imperfect incentive and restraint mechanism for local government's activities under existing policy framework composed of uncoordinated one-size-fits- all policies. We suggest that China's rural policy in the new period should gradually shift from a sectoral to a place-based one, from top-down incentives to the development of bottom-up projects, and fully recognize the diversity of rural space, so as to lift localcapacities and make good use of the knowledge shared by different actors. Moreover, it is also necessary to integrate the various sectoral policies, and improve the interministerial and interdepartmental coordination of rural policies at regional and local levels.

Spatio-temporal evolution of ecologically-sustainable land use in China's Loess Plateau and detection of its influencing factors

Ecological land(Eco-land) is a basic resource for human beings to survive, and eco-land use is a strategy, a way to manage the land resource. So, ecologically-sustainable land use is essential for human beings to survive. This paper investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics and mechanisms of urban-rural eco-land using a new and innovative integration way based on eco-land change data in China's Loess Plateau(LP) prefecture level cities and explores factors of eco-land change. The spatial difference characteristic of eco-land among different level cities in the LP is that: small cities > big cities > middle cities. From 2009 to 2016, the eco-land in the LP from the perspective of urban-rural areas has changed significantly. Significant differences of urban-rural eco-land were identified among various urban growth types, and all the cities in the LP were further classified into four types based on eco-land change trend, with type A and B cities identified as the vital zone and major zone. Taking the eco-fragile region Loess Plateau(LP) as an example, our results demonstrated that the migrants to cities in LP could relieve ecological pressures and promote restoration of ecological vegetation. We have demonstrated that urbanization and the influence of government policy can be discerned through the quantification of the spatial-temporal change of eco-land and suggest that combining both urban and rural eco-land can support more effective land use decisions and provide theoretical basis for the practical application of urban planning, policy-making and sustainable development. What's more, governments should strive to population mobility and restore vegetation to sustain this fragile ecological environment.

Land use change and effect analysis of tideland reclamation in Hangzhou Bay

Since the beginning of the 20th century, tideland reclamation as a huge project has continuously extended from inland to the sea for the socioeconomic development, like Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other coastal regions in China. The increase of land area alleviated the contradiction of supply and demand between human and land, which provided the guarantee for agricultural production and industrial development. However, marine ecological environment has been seriously damaged due to the increasing scale of tideland reclamation. This paper took the Hangzhou Bay in the Yangtze River Delta as a study area to explore the evolution law, socioeconomic effect and eco-environmental effect of reclaimed land from 1985 to 2015. The result showed that as follows:(1) The area of tideland reclamation was 460.67 km^2 with 16.57% cultivated land and 15.93% construction land, and its land use was inefficient;(2) Land use change has spatial and temporal difference, the speed of tideland reclamation had been increasing from 1985 to 2015 in time and the scale of reclaimed land in the southern(84.07%) of Hangzhou Bay was larger than the northern region(15.93%) in space;(3) The evolution law of land use was from tideland to swampland and coastal waters to agricultural facility land, to cultivated land to industrial-mining land to idle land, rural-urban construction land, and formed obviously hierarchical structure;(4) Effect analysis of land use change found that the socio-economic effect had increased but the eco-environmental effect had decreased from 1985 to 2015, it reflected socio-economic effect was acquired through sacrificing eco-environmental effect;(5) It pointed out the existing problems on land extensive inefficient, environmental degradation and economy excessive growth without scientific planning, and offered some suggestions in land comprehensive improvement project, industrial transformation and upgrading and scientific planning and legal safeguardto promote sustainable development in the Hangzhou Bay in the new period.

The inequality of educational resources and its countermeasures for rural revitalization in southwest China

Equal access to education has long been a global concern and is important for rural revitalization strategy in the new era. However, little is known about the regional differences of educational resources in China, especially southwest China, where the spatial heterogeneity of human and physical geography is extremely significant. Using a dataset of primary and secondary schools of southwest China at county level in 2015, this study builds an index system to comprehensively measure the supply of educational resources, investigates the spatial pattern of educational resources via exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA), and explores its influence factors through spatial econometrics. Results indicated that the supply level of educational resources in southwest China was relatively low;the high-high clusters of the supply of educational resources were mainly located in Sichuan Basin and the east of Western Sichuan Plateau, while the concentrated poverty-stricken areas of Guizhou and the border areas of Yunnan-SichuanGuizhou, especially Wumeng mountain area, were characterized by the low-low clusters. Furthermore, this study suggested that altitude, population density, local government revenue and rural residents' income were positively correlated with the supply of educational resources, while the negative influenceswere exerted by proportion of ethnic minority population and urbanization rate. And there were differences in the specific objects of actions of each factor. Ultimately, we proposed that village relocation and combination, as well as sustainable urbanization and regional development were practical paths to optimize the supply of educational resources in rural areas, thus promoting the modernization of agriculture and countryside.

Agricultural Production Structure Optimization: A Case Study of Major Grain Producing Areas, China

A large number of mathematical models were developed for supporting agricultural production structure optimization decisions; however, few of them can address various uncertainties existing in many factors (e.g., eco-social benefit maximization, food security, employment stability and ecosystem balance). In this study, an interval-probabilistic agricultural production structure optimization model (IPAPSOM) is formulated for tackling uncertainty presented as discrete intervals and/or probability distribution. The developed model improves upon the existing probabilistic programming and inexact optimization approaches. The IPAPSOM considers not only food security policy constraints, but also involves rural households'income increase and eco-environmental conversation, which can effectively reflect various interrelations among different aspects in an agricultural production structure optimization system. Moreover, it can also help examine the reliability of satisfying (or risk of violating) system constraints under uncertainty. The model is applied to a real case of long-term agricultural production structure optimization in Dancheng County, which is located in Henan Province of Central China as one of the major grain producing areas. Interval solutions associated with different risk levels of constraint violation are obtained. The results are useful for generating a range of decision alternatives under various system benefit conditions, and thus helping decision makers to identify the desired agricultural production structure optimization strategy under uncertainty.

The higher grain production, the more social deprivation? A case study of Henan province in traditional agricultural areas of China

This paper examines the spatial-temporal dynamics of inequality from the perspective of social deprivation in the context of continuous growth of grain production using national census data from 2000 and 2010 for Henan province,China.Our analytical results show an overall level of social deprivation that is high and a widening social deprivation gap at the county level.The social deprivation shows great spatiotemporal heterogeneity,the higher deprived counties are mainly distributed in central and eastern Henan province,while counties with lower social deprivation are clustered in northwestern regions,formed a belt-shape spatial differential between the south(higher deprived counties clustered)and northwest(low deprived counties clustered)Henan in 2000,and changed toward a core-periphery semi annular spatial structure in 2010,the low deprived counties surrounded by high deprived counties.The social deprivation shows a"west low and east high"spatial pattern,similar to the grain production in Henan province.Socioeconomic development level was low in most counties in Yudong plain despite of keeping the continuous increase of grain production,meaning the higher grain output did not result in the more social development expected in Chinese traditional agricultural areas,and the regional disparity is expected to increase in the near future if development conditions are not changed,which could inspire more targeted rural governance options.

Compounding soils to improve cropland quality:A study based on field experiments and model simulations in the loess hilly-gully region,China

Increasing the quantity and improving the quality of cropland can alleviate the human-land contradiction and promote the sustainable development of agriculture especially in mountainous areas.With the support of the central government’s policies,Yan’an,Northern Shaanxi,China implemented a major land consolidation engineering project in the loess hilly-gully region from 2013 to 2018,achieving 33,333.3 ha of new cropland.However,the poor quality of some newly-constructed cropland at the initial stage hindered its efficient utilization.In order to overcome this problem,red clay and Malan loess were compounded in different volume ratios to explore the method to improve the cropland quality.The Root Zone Water Quality Model was used to simulate the effects of different soil treatments on soil water,nitrogen and maize growth.Experimental data were collected from 2018 to 2019 to calibrate and validate the model.The root mean square error(RMSE)of soil water content,nitrate nitrogen concentration,above-ground biomass,leaf area index were in the range of 11.72-14.06 mm,4.06-11.73 mg kg^(-1),835.21-1151.28 kg ha^(-1)and 0.24-0.47,respectively,while the agreement index(d)between measured and simulated values ranged from 0.70 to 0.96.It was showed that,compared with land constructed with Malan loess only(T1),the soil structure and hydraulic characteristics of land with a volume ratio of red clay and Malan loess of 2:1(T3)was better.Simulation indicated that,compared with T1,the soil water content and available water content of T3 increased by 14.4%and 19.0%,respectively,while N leaching decreased by 16.9%.The aboveground biomass and maize yield of T3 were 7.9%and 6.7%higher than that of T1,respectively.Furthermore,the water productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of T3 increased by 21.0%and 16.6%compared with that of T1.These results indicated that compounding red clay and Malan loess in an appropriate ratio was an effective method to improve soil quality.This study provides a technical idea and specific technical parameters for the construction or improvement of cropland in loess hilly-gully region,which may also provide reference for similar projects in other places.

全球化与粮食安全新格局

当今世界正面临"百年未有之大变局",中国与全球的粮食安全面临重大挑战。为了系统认知全球化与粮食安全的新格局、新问题和新路径,邀请了十位来自不同专业领域的知名专家,就耕地增产潜力、农业水土资源与粮食生产、食物浪费、国际农产品贸易、重点农产品保供稳供、全球农业食物系统、双循环与企业行动、全球粮食生产与消费、国际粮安治理、粮食安全研究前沿等领域进行了一对一的交流访谈。访谈结果表明:全球农业食物系统进入复合型高风险时代,国际粮安治理面临资源、约束力、行动力等方面的挑战,凸显国家粮食安全尤其是进口依赖型农产品的保供稳供压力,需要加强国内农业供给侧改革与需求侧管理。全球化发生新变化,考验中国深化农业对外开放、参与全球粮安治理、实现国家粮食安全的能力水平。面对复杂的国际国内形势,国家粮食安全治理需要坚持系统思维、统筹国内国际、瞄准全产业链、强调风险管控、处理好政府与市场关系,进一步深入研究食物系统和粮食安全、生态系统和粮食安全、高质量发展与粮食安全、农业对外开放与粮食安全、双循环新格局与粮食安全等方面的具体方式路径,为新时期建立健全"以我为主、立足国内、确保产能、适度进口、科技支撑"的国家粮食安全战略提供科学参考。

苏南地区农村宅基地转型研究:基于利用状态的视角

农村宅基地转型是土地利用转型研究的重要内容。目前学界关于宅基地转型的研究主要集中在规模结构等显性形态方面,对隐性转型的研究仍较欠缺。以乡村经济发达的苏南地区为例,通过对正常使用、空置、废弃等不同利用状态宅基地空间分异规律的刻画,探索其功能转型的一般规律,并进一步分析宅基地空置与废弃的影响因素。结果表明:在乡村振兴战略实施背景下,"房子不用来住"的问题在农村地区同样存在,而且在不同代际和空间区位上农村宅基地的利用状态有所差异。具体地,1980年以前的老宅基地从距离城镇较远和较近的"两端"开始,其空废比率向中间地带递减;随着市场化和城镇化水平提升,1980—2000年的中龄宅基地空废比率呈现由近郊向外递减的趋势,城镇化影响下的距离衰减规律明显。近年来,伴随农村宅基地财产/资产属性的逐步显现,农村宅基地的利用状态与空间区位之间的关联关系弱化。2010年以后新宅基地的空置率出现反弹,尤其靠近城镇的农村地区"囤地"现象严重,发端于城镇地区的"地产霸权"正在向乡村地区蔓延。

近30年三峡库区用地格局变化与人地系统演化

中国三峡工程建设造就了三峡库区、带来了区域土地利用的显著变化。探究三峡库区用地格局及其演变规律,对于优化国土空间布局、创新人地系统调控路径具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。基于1990~2020年三峡库区系列遥感影像数据,利用空间探测、统计分析等方法,揭示了近30年三峡库区用地格局变化,探明了主导驱动机制和实现库区人地系统协调路径。研究表明:(1)近30年来三峡库区以耕地和林地为主体景观,平均占比分别为37.64%、47.12%,建设用地占比<2%,林地、草地、水域等具有重要生态功能的生态用地占比高达60%。(2)研究区以长江为带状中心向边缘地带,各用地类型具有明显的梯度变化特征,林地占比增多,连接度降低,形状趋于规则并呈整体化趋势,而建设用地和耕地斑块破碎但聚集度增强。(3) 1990~2020年间,研究区耕地、草地分别减少4.01%、21.27%,林地和建设用地分别增加2.48%、477.4%,整体景观趋于破碎化、景观多样性升高,在以人文和政策因素为主的驱动下,表现为生态恢复趋势,总体呈现生态经济复合型转变,人地关系也从不协调的矛盾状态趋向协调共生。(4)三峡库区实现人地系统协调路径为创新“三化”(系统化、集约化、高效化)战略体系,优化“三生”(生产、生活、生态)空间,促进地域空间重构与功能整合,实现“三态”(质态、形态、业态)相对平衡;创设立体生态产业化区域集成路径,推动库区人地系统耦合与协调发展;创建库区人地系统协同观测体系,推进监测网络化、地理工程化、决策智能化;构建关键要素地段多级关联管控体系,全面提升区域系统多尺度多情景多途径综合应对能力。

2007—2015年中国农村居民点用地与农村人口时空耦合关系

系统研究中国农村居民点用地与农村人口的时空耦合关系,是优化农村土地资源配置的重要理论基础。论文利用人口统计数据与土地调查数据,基于弹性系数模型,分析了我国农村居民点用地面积与农村人口数量的时序变化特征、空间分异规律和耦合关系类型,研究主要结果如下:1)2007—2015年,全国农村居民点用地以1.94%的年均增长率快速增长,8 a间共增加257.27万hm2;2)我国农村常住人口人均居民点用地面积和农业户籍人口人均居民点用地面积分别以年均4.61%和1.98%的速度增长,两者差距以年均16.2%的速度逐年拉大;3)农村居民点用地面积与农村常住人口数量耦合类型在全国尺度上为G类(用地面积增加,人口数量减少,且前者增长率小于后者)失调发展类型,在省域尺度上都是失调发展类型,主要是G类和H类(用地面积增加,人口数量减少,且前者增长率大于后者)失调类型。农村居民点用地面积与农业户籍人口数量的耦合类型在全国尺度上为H类失调发展类型,全国93.55%的省份为失调发展类型,失调类型以A类(用地面积增加,人口数量增加,且前者增长率大于后者)和H类为主。研究结果表明:2007—2015年间,中国农村居民点用地面积与农村人口数量耦合关系呈现失调发展态势,并具有明显的空间异质性特征。论文研究结果可以为优化农村土地资源配置、促进农村人地关系协调发展提供科学依据。

山区县域土地利用格局变化及其地形梯度效应——以井冈山市为例

地形是影响土地利用的重要地理因素,山区土地资源禀赋及其开发利用方式深受地形条件限制。以井冈山市为例,采用1995-2015年多期遥感数据,选取坡度、高程、地形位指数等多项因子,通过定性分析与定量评价相结合的方法,深入探讨地形对土地利用类型分布、土地利用动态变化,以及土地利用景观格局的作用机制。研究表明:井冈山市土地利用空间分布具有明显的地形梯度效应,林地、草地多分布在海拔>400 m、坡度>15°的山地和高丘陵区,耕地、水域、建设用地多分布在海拔<400 m、坡度<15°的平原和低丘陵区。研究期内,井冈山市土地利用动态变化主要表现为林地减少和建设用地增加,其中林地净减少992 km^2,建设用地净增加352 km^2,土地利用方式的改变主要发生在海拔<800 m、坡度<15°、人类活动密集的平原和低缓丘陵地区。土地利用景观格局亦受地形因素影响,在平原和低缓丘陵区,斑块密集分布,景观多样性指数、散布与并列指数、斑块密度及土地利用结构信息熵呈高值分布;而在高海拔、坡度大的山地丘陵区,优势斑块明显,最大斑块所占景观面积的比例以及蔓延度指数呈高值分布。优化山区土地资源配置,促进贫困山区减贫发展,应充分考虑地形因素的影响作用,遵循因地制宜、因势利导和优势开发原则,重视优化土地利用结构与布局,加快推进山区精准脱贫、绿色发展和乡村振兴。

乡村振兴导向的水土资源承载力评价及其优化

农牧交错区水土资源系统平衡对于保障区域农牧业发展至关重要。以宁夏盐池县为例,以乡村振兴目标为导向,运用物元模型开展水土资源系统承载潜力评价,揭示影响水土资源系统承载力变化的驱动因素,以及影响水土资源的短缺因素,探讨乡村地域水土资源失衡的区域分异特征,以及经济社会与资源生态双重导向的优化路径。结果表明:(1)盐池县水土资源系统承载力呈叉字型对称空间分布态势,整体承载力处于中等水平,具有较大的开发潜力,其中花马池镇、惠安堡镇的承载能力较高,麻黄山乡、王乐井乡和大水坑镇的水土资源承载力明显较低。(2)盐池县乡村地域水土资源耦合协调差异明显,整体处于拮抗耦合阶段,镇区耦合协调度较高,乡村地区则相对较低。(3)水资源与土地资源利用缺乏同步性,水资源利用滞后地区应选择水资源适应性管控措施和生态保育+水源涵养的山水林田湖综合体构建,土地资源利用滞后地区应结合土地工程治理措施与产业结构调整,推进落实"三主三分"土地资源优化布局。研究结果可为农牧交错区农业转型发展和乡村振兴工程落地提供参考依据。

城镇化对农业农村的多维度影响——基于省际面板数据实证研究

基于面板数据,从综合系统一子系统一要素等三方面定量测度省域人口、土地与产业城镇化对农业农村发展的影响程度,深入剖析城镇化不同要素对农业与农村系统发展的作用机理。研究结果表明:①人口城镇化与产业城镇化对农业农村的影响更加明显,对农村生活系统影响的弹性系数大于1的地区比重分别为58.06%和64.52%;土地与产业城镇化对农业生产系统产生负向影响较为明显,弹性系数小于0的地区比重分别为29.03%和38.71%;②城镇化率、产业结构和建成区比重对人均耕地面积、乡村劳动力比重和人均粮食产量呈显著负相关,与农民人均纯收入、人均农业产值和单位面积机械动力呈显著正相关;③通过深入分析近30年省域城镇化对各地区农业农村发展的作用机理,对于新时期新型城镇化、农业农村转型发展等战略的贯彻落实具有重大的现实意义。