白鹤滩拱坝谷幅变形预测及不同计算方法变形机制研究

中国已建成的特高拱坝如溪洛渡、锦屏一级等,在初期蓄水过程中均表现出了谷幅收缩的异常现象。而拱坝是高次超静定结构,对坝基变形尤其是不均匀变形非常敏感。从有效应力改变和岩体材料泡水弱化这一谷幅变形机制和边界施加位移这一计算手段出发,利用弹塑性有限元方法,计算并预测白鹤滩拱坝在初期蓄水过程中可能产生的谷幅变形,并分析了谷幅变形对大坝位移和应力的影响。结果表明:两种方法的计算结果相差很大;从有效应力改变和岩体材料弱化角度出发,白鹤滩拱坝两岸山体可能产生的最大谷幅收缩不大于40mm,且该谷幅变形不会很大程度上降低拱坝的整体稳定性,只是使坝体产生了新的应力集中区。而拱坝对施加边界位移具有很强的超载能力,但谷幅收缩对坝体应力的影响极小。对比发现,坝基不均匀变形是影响拱坝应力的关键因素。

深埋隧洞岩爆防控技术及典型工程应用现状综述

结合岩爆的分类、机制、评价预警方法及防控原则,对深埋隧洞施工期岩爆主动和被动防控措施进行了梳理,重点分析其作用机理、适用范围与防控效果。对比了钻爆法和全断面隧道掘进机(TBM)法施工下岩爆的不同特征规律及防控重点,调研了典型水工隧洞的岩爆防控技术应用情况,包括锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞、引汉济渭工程秦岭隧洞、N-J水电站引水隧洞和滇中引水工程香炉山隧洞。结果表明:岩爆的主动防控措施包括钻孔应力释放、超前应力解除爆破、先导洞、高压喷水、钻孔注水、超前锚杆和预应力锚杆支护;被动防控措施包括喷锚支护、钢支撑、钢筋网(柔性钢丝网);钻爆法的岩爆防控重点是及时封闭支护,TBM法则需通过主动防控规避强烈-极强岩爆;当前大型水工隧洞的岩爆防治普遍采取主动+被动联合防控,主动措施以超前应力释放为核心,被动措施则采取“喷锚网+钢拱架”共同加固围岩,且注重使用快速柔性支护型式;岩爆的动态防控、量化精准防控以及发展更高效的超前应力释放技术和柔性吸能支护体系是值得进一步研究的方向。

Effective stress law for rock masses and its application in impoundment analysis based on deformation reinforcement theory

Reservoir impoundment is related to several hydraulic engineering concerns,including irreversible valley contractions,landslides and reservoir-induced earthquakes.However,these phenomena,such as valley contractions,are hardly to be explained by the conventional method.The scientific understanding of water effects during impoundment and their hazards to hydraulic structure are needed.The effective stress law for fissured rock masses is introduced in the elasto-plastic model employing the Drucker-Prager criterion and implemented in the three dimension(3D)nonlinear finite element method(FEM)program Three-dimensional FINite Element(TFINE).The slope deforms towards river-way during impoundment since the increasing pore pressure in fissures changes stress state and leads to additional plastic deformation in the rock materials.The value of Biot coefficient and the influence of water on rock materials are discussed in detail.Thus,the mechanism of slope deformation during the impoundment of Jinping-I arch dam is revealed,and the deformation is accurately measured.The application of the effective stress law provides a method to consider stress assessment,deformation evaluation and stability estimate of hydraulic structures during the impoundment process.This is a beneficial exploration and an improvement of hydraulic engineering design.

山楂提取物泡腾片制备工艺优化

目的优化制备山楂提取物泡腾片的工艺。方法采用酸碱混合非水制粒法制备山楂提取物泡腾片,以崩解时限、pH为评价指标,在前期单因素实验基础上采用正交试验优化主辅料配比及工艺。结果制备泡腾片主辅料最优配比为:26%山楂提取物、2%聚乙二醇6000、8%柠檬酸、8%碳酸氢钠、1%甜味素、1%阿斯巴甜、0.1%硬脂酸镁,乳糖、无水乙醇和山楂红色素适量。结论泡腾片的制备工艺简单且可行性好,稳定性好。