Genetic variation and patterns of genetic differentiation of the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), from the South China were analyzed using 6 microsatellite markers and two partial mtDNA (c...Genetic variation and patterns of genetic differentiation of the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), from the South China were analyzed using 6 microsatellite markers and two partial mtDNA (cox1 and cox2) regions. All of the 6 microsatellite loci were polymorphic in the studied seven populations. The allelic richness per population ranged between 5.67 and 14.00, and average H E and H O values were 0.6246-0.8329 and 0.2634-0.6061, respectively. As the mitochondrial genome is a single genetic locus, we only present results for the concatenated data set (cox1 plus cox2 gene sequences, 513 bp). The concatenated data showed high level of genetic diversity and there are 23 variable polymorphic sites among the 513 sites in concatenated data. Nearly all of (20 of 21) pairwise F ST comparisons among populations showed genetic differentiation with moderate to high pairwise F ST values based on microsatellite markers. However, for the mtDNA data, most of the seven populations did not show significant differentiation with other populations. The differences of population differentiation obtained with the two different genetic markers could be mainly attributed to the different mutation rates of microsatellite and mtDNA. There was not genetic structure existed in these studied populations based on microsatellite loci and mtDNA data. The analysis based on network, mismatch distribution, Tajima's D and F S indicated that the studied populations were from the recent same ancestor or the same refuge and followed by a sudden demographic expansion condition.展开更多
An analysis of the delay Doppler maps(DDMs) data from the CYGNSS satellites is implemented to derive the sea surface height(SSH). An SSH estimation algorithm, the leading edge derivation(LED) method which is applied t...An analysis of the delay Doppler maps(DDMs) data from the CYGNSS satellites is implemented to derive the sea surface height(SSH). An SSH estimation algorithm, the leading edge derivation(LED) method which is applied to the delay waveforms, is applied to the DDMs, while the tropospheric delay methods, the Saastamoinen method(SM)and the numerical method(NM) are used. The results show that when the SSH from Jason-2 is referred to as the truth, if the tropospheric delay is corrected, the SSH bias can decrease. The resulted SSH bias from the Jason-2 SSH by the LED retrieval method is of order meter. The resulted SSH deviation from the truth by the NM scheme is half as small as that by the SM scheme. Since the SM scheme is not applicable to the nonhydrostatical condition, the resulted bias is larger.The work can be applied to the Beidou system in the future.展开更多
Beta effects on surface flows in a rotating annulus with a radial temperature gradient and a sloping bottom were studied experimentally. An azimuthal jet was produced by the action of the Coriolis force in the convect...Beta effects on surface flows in a rotating annulus with a radial temperature gradient and a sloping bottom were studied experimentally. An azimuthal jet was produced by the action of the Coriolis force in the convective region between the two side walls of the annulus. Propagating velocity and patterns of the baroclinic wave on the surface were obtained by using a frequency-meter and a streak photograph respectively. It is shown that there exists the nonlinear interaction between the baroclinic and beta effects. The beta effect exerts little influence on the stratification flows and constrains the baroclinic instability, and it prompts the instability of the weak stratification flows and results in the surface pattern of waves with higher frequency. It is also indicated that the beta effect can reduce the propagating speed of the surface waves in the jet, and increase the thermal Rossby number for those same surface patterns under a given Taylor number.展开更多
基金supported by the Guangdong Provincial Public Laboratory on Wild Animal Conservation and Management,China(2008-003)the National 973 Program of China(2010CB951503)
文摘Genetic variation and patterns of genetic differentiation of the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), from the South China were analyzed using 6 microsatellite markers and two partial mtDNA (cox1 and cox2) regions. All of the 6 microsatellite loci were polymorphic in the studied seven populations. The allelic richness per population ranged between 5.67 and 14.00, and average H E and H O values were 0.6246-0.8329 and 0.2634-0.6061, respectively. As the mitochondrial genome is a single genetic locus, we only present results for the concatenated data set (cox1 plus cox2 gene sequences, 513 bp). The concatenated data showed high level of genetic diversity and there are 23 variable polymorphic sites among the 513 sites in concatenated data. Nearly all of (20 of 21) pairwise F ST comparisons among populations showed genetic differentiation with moderate to high pairwise F ST values based on microsatellite markers. However, for the mtDNA data, most of the seven populations did not show significant differentiation with other populations. The differences of population differentiation obtained with the two different genetic markers could be mainly attributed to the different mutation rates of microsatellite and mtDNA. There was not genetic structure existed in these studied populations based on microsatellite loci and mtDNA data. The analysis based on network, mismatch distribution, Tajima's D and F S indicated that the studied populations were from the recent same ancestor or the same refuge and followed by a sudden demographic expansion condition.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41875060, U1606405)。
文摘An analysis of the delay Doppler maps(DDMs) data from the CYGNSS satellites is implemented to derive the sea surface height(SSH). An SSH estimation algorithm, the leading edge derivation(LED) method which is applied to the delay waveforms, is applied to the DDMs, while the tropospheric delay methods, the Saastamoinen method(SM)and the numerical method(NM) are used. The results show that when the SSH from Jason-2 is referred to as the truth, if the tropospheric delay is corrected, the SSH bias can decrease. The resulted SSH bias from the Jason-2 SSH by the LED retrieval method is of order meter. The resulted SSH deviation from the truth by the NM scheme is half as small as that by the SM scheme. Since the SM scheme is not applicable to the nonhydrostatical condition, the resulted bias is larger.The work can be applied to the Beidou system in the future.
文摘Beta effects on surface flows in a rotating annulus with a radial temperature gradient and a sloping bottom were studied experimentally. An azimuthal jet was produced by the action of the Coriolis force in the convective region between the two side walls of the annulus. Propagating velocity and patterns of the baroclinic wave on the surface were obtained by using a frequency-meter and a streak photograph respectively. It is shown that there exists the nonlinear interaction between the baroclinic and beta effects. The beta effect exerts little influence on the stratification flows and constrains the baroclinic instability, and it prompts the instability of the weak stratification flows and results in the surface pattern of waves with higher frequency. It is also indicated that the beta effect can reduce the propagating speed of the surface waves in the jet, and increase the thermal Rossby number for those same surface patterns under a given Taylor number.
