Isolation and Extraction of Total Flavonoids from Epimedium Koreanum Nakai by Supercritical Fluid Extraction

In the present paper is reported the method for the isolation and extraction of total flavonoids of Epimedium Koreanum Nakai by means of supercritical fluid extraction(SFE). By examining pressure, temperature, amounts of modifier and extraction time, the optimized condition of SFE is confirmed as 30 MPa and 60 ℃, with 70% ethanol as the modifier. The samples were statically extracted for 30 min, followed by dynamic extraction for 120 min at a flow rate of 6 mL/min. The quantitative analysis of total flavonoids was performed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Compared with the conventional method, the SFE method is more efficient, more rapid and more friendly environmentally.

Chemical Characteristic of Bioactive Polysaccharides Isolated from Ornithogalum caudatum Ait

A water soluble crude extract prepared from Ornithogalum caudatum Ait. (OCA) showing a high immunomodulating activitiy was isolated and characterized by virtue of gel filtration and column chromatography. The presence of the monosaccharides has been established by the chemical analysis. The quantitative analysis of the alditol acetate derivatives of them showed the ratios of the monosaccharides analyzed by means of GC respectively. The concentrations of protein(280 nm) and carbohydrate(496 nm) were detected respectively. The information of the molecular weight from the pure polysaccharide was obtained by several standard Dextrans from the Sephadex chromatography.

Influence of packing media on nitrogen removal in a subsurface infiltration system

Influence of packing media on nitrogen removal in a subsurface infiltration system was studied. System A was filled with loamy soil and system B was filled with mixed soil of 75% red clay with 25% cinder. Both systems were fed with sewage at the same hydraulic loading of 2 cm/d at continuous operation mode. The same excellent removal performances of COD and T-P could be achieved in both infiltration systems with removal rates about 85% and 98%, respectively. In system A, NH +_4-N removal rate was as high as 96.5% and T-N removal rate was relatively much lower as 55.7%. And in system B, NH +_4-N removal rate was as low as 75.4% and T-N removal rate was relatively much higher as 75.5%. The difference was attributed to different soil oxidation-reduction condition that was greatly influenced by soil texture in subsurface infiltration system. Loamy soil led to oxidative condition that was favorable to nitrification and disadvantageous to denitrification. The results were just adverse to the system filled with clay. Intermittent operation was adopted to improve nitrogen removal in system B. NH +_4-N removal rate could be increased to about 95% and T-N removal rate could be increased to about 90% at intermittent operation mode in system B. Analysis of nitrogen removal mechanisms indicated that nitrification-denitrification was the primary nitrogen removal path in subsurface infiltration system and crop uptake was another important nitrogen removal way. It was the key to improve the total N removal performance that a suitable packing soil was available to present favorable oxidation-reduction condition for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.

Direct MALDI-MS Analysis of Proteins Isolated by Liquid-phase Isoelectric Focusing Electrophoresis

A liquid-phase isoelectric focusing electrophoresis system(Rotofor) was used as the prefractionation tool for the sample preparation in the MALDI-MS analysis of a protein mixture. Each fraction collected was then directly subjected to MALDI-TOF-MS analysis. By this approach, we are able to resolve two types of hemoglobins, A and C, which cannot be successfully separated by means of the traditional SDS-PAGE method.

Simulating Experiment for Temperature Field of Frozen Subgrade Using RegulationTubes

The main factors that influence the temperature field of frozen subgrade were analyzed.The experimental equipment for simulating frozen subgrade was built up,and the declining regulating tubes were placed at the foot of the embankment. By means of this equipment two simulating experiments of controlling temperature filed of frozen sub- grade were carried out in the laboratory.One method is to collect natural cold energy,and the other one is to collect natural cold energy ccompanied by artificial refrigeration simultaneously.The result indicates that the latter is an ef- fective method for maintaining the stability of the frozen subgrade.

Real-time Face Detection using Skin Color Model

This paper presents a new face detection approach to real-time applications, which is based on the skin color model and the morphological filtering. First the non-skin color pixels of the input image are removed based on the skin color model in the YC rC b chrominance space, from which we extract candidate human face regions. Then a mathematical morphological filter is used to remove noisy regions and fill the holes in the candidate skin color regions. We adopt the similarity between the human face features and the candidate face regions to locate the face regions in the original image. We have implemented the algorithm in our smart media system. The experiment results show that this system is effective in real-time applications.