This article reviews the current status on the dynamic behavior of highly stressed rocks under disturbances.Firstly,the experimental apparatus,methods,and theories related to the disturbance dynamics of deep,high-stre...This article reviews the current status on the dynamic behavior of highly stressed rocks under disturbances.Firstly,the experimental apparatus,methods,and theories related to the disturbance dynamics of deep,high-stress rock are reviewed,followed by the introduction of scholars’research on deep rock deformation and failure from an energy perspective.Subsequently,with a backdrop of highstress phenomena in deep hard rock,such as rock bursts and core disking,we delve into the current state of research on rock microstructure analysis and residual stresses from the perspective of studying the energy storage mechanisms in rocks.Thereafter,the current state of research on the mechanical response and the energy dissipation of highly stressed rock formations is briefly retrospected.Finally,the insufficient aspects in the current research on the disturbance and failure mechanisms in deep,highly stressed rock formations are summarized,and prospects for future research are provided.This work provides new avenues for the research on the mechanical response and damage-fracture mechanisms of rocks under high-stress conditions.展开更多
This paper presents a design of single photon avalanche diode(SPAD)light detection and ranging(LiDAR)sensor with 128×128 pixels and 128 column-parallel time-to-analog-merged-analog-to-digital converts(TA-ADCs).Un...This paper presents a design of single photon avalanche diode(SPAD)light detection and ranging(LiDAR)sensor with 128×128 pixels and 128 column-parallel time-to-analog-merged-analog-to-digital converts(TA-ADCs).Unlike the conventional TAC-based SPAD LiDAR sensor,in which the TAC and ADC are separately implemented,we propose to merge the TAC and ADC by sharing their capacitors,thus avoiding the analog readout noise of TAC’s output buffer,improving the conversion rate,and reducing chip area.The reverse start-stop logic is employed to reduce the power of the TA-ADC.Fabricated in a 180 nm CMOS process,our prototype sensor exhibits a timing resolution of 25 ps,a DNL of+0.30/−0.77 LSB,an INL of+1.41/−2.20 LSB,and a total power consumption of 190 mW.A flash LiDAR system based on this sensor demonstrates the function of 2D/3D imaging with 128×128 resolution,25 kHz inter-frame rate,and sub-centimeter ranging precision.展开更多
Engineering geological disasters such as rockburst have always been a critical factor affecting the safety of coal mine production.Thus,residual stress is considered a feasible method to explain these geomechanical ph...Engineering geological disasters such as rockburst have always been a critical factor affecting the safety of coal mine production.Thus,residual stress is considered a feasible method to explain these geomechanical phenomena.In this study,electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)and optical microscopy were used to characterize the rock microcosm.A measuring area that met the requirements of X-ray diffraction(XRD)residual stress measurement was determined to account for the mechanism of rock residual stress.Then,the residual stress of a siliceous slate-containing quartz vein was measured and calculated using the sin^(2) ϕ method equipped with an X-ray diffractometer.Analysis of microscopic test results showed homogeneous areas with small particles within the millimeter range,meeting the requirements of XRD stress measurement statistics.Quartz was determined as the calibration mineral for slate samples containing quartz veins.The diffraction patterns of the(324)crystal plane were obtained under different ϕ and φ.The deviation direction of the diffraction peaks was consistent,indicating that the sample tested had residual stress.In addition,the principal residual stress within the quartz vein measured by XRD was compressive,ranging from 10 to 33 MPa.The maximum principal stress was parallel to the vein trend,whereas the minimum principal stress was perpendicular to the vein trend.Furthermore,the content of the low-angle boundary and twin boundary in the quartz veins was relatively high,which enhances the resistance of the rock mass to deformation and promotes the easy formation of strain concentrations,thereby resulting in residual stress.The proposed method for measuring residual stress can serve as a reference for subsequent observation and related research on residual stress in different types of rocks.展开更多
The hub-driven virtual rail train is a novel urban transportation system that amalgamates the benefits of modern trams and buses.However,this system is plagued by issues such as decreased ride comfort and severe defor...The hub-driven virtual rail train is a novel urban transportation system that amalgamates the benefits of modern trams and buses.However,this system is plagued by issues such as decreased ride comfort and severe deformation of urban roads due to the increase in sprung mass and long-term rolling at the same position.To address these concerns and improve the human-vehicle-road friendliness of the virtual rail train,we propose an Improved Sky-Ground Hook and Acceleration-Driven Damper control(Improved SH-GH-ADD control)strategy for the semi-active suspension system.This control monitors the vibration acceleration signal of the unsprung mass in real-time and selects the mixed Sky-Hook and Acceleration-Driven Damper(SH-ADD)control or the mixed Ground-Hook and Acceleration-Driven Damper(GH-ADD)control based on the positive and negative values of the vibration acceleration of the unsprung mass.The Improved SH-GH-ADD control combines the advantages of SH-ADD control and GH-ADD control to achieve control of the sprung mass and unsprung mass in the full fre-quency band.Finally,through simulation and comparative analysis with traditional SH-ADD,GH-ADD,and mixed SH-GH control,we demonstrate the exceptional performance of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
This paper describes a promising route for the exploration and development of 3.0 THz sensing and imaging with FET-based power detectors in a standard 65 nm CMOS process.Based on the plasma-wave theory proposed by Dya...This paper describes a promising route for the exploration and development of 3.0 THz sensing and imaging with FET-based power detectors in a standard 65 nm CMOS process.Based on the plasma-wave theory proposed by Dyakonov and Shur,we designed high-responsivity and low-noise multiple detectors for monitoring a pulse-mode 3.0 THz quantum cascade laser(QCL).Furthermore,we present a fully integrated high-speed 32×32-pixel 3.0 THz CMOS image sensor(CIS).The full CIS measures 2.81×5.39 mm^(2) and achieves a 423 V/W responsivity(Rv)and a 5.3 nW integral noise equivalent power(NEP)at room temperature.In experiments,we demonstrate a testing speed reaching 319 fps under continuous-wave(CW)illumina-tion of a 3.0 THz QCL.The results indicate that our terahertz CIS has excellent potential in cost-effective and commercial THz imaging and material detection.展开更多
In IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference(ISSCC)2023,CMOS process is still the dominating fabrication technology for image sensors,and three-dimensional(3D)wafer-stacked process with Cu–Cu pixel-level con...In IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference(ISSCC)2023,CMOS process is still the dominating fabrication technology for image sensors,and three-dimensional(3D)wafer-stacked process with Cu–Cu pixel-level connection has been adopted to achieve small pixel size and high integration level.The development of CMOS image sensors(CIS)is still focusing on the trends of high performance and more functionalities,such as hybrid event-based vision sensor(EVS)and terahertz(THz)/X-ray image sensor.展开更多
Objective:Obesity is closely associated with metastasis in breast cancer patients.Secreted frizzled-related protein 5(SFRP5),one of the novel adipokines with anti-inflammatory properties,is associated with obesity.Thi...Objective:Obesity is closely associated with metastasis in breast cancer patients.Secreted frizzled-related protein 5(SFRP5),one of the novel adipokines with anti-inflammatory properties,is associated with obesity.This study aims to study the role of SFRP5 in the crosstalk between obesity and breast cancer metastasis and identify the underlying mechanism.Methods:3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were differentiated to mature adipocytes and a hypertrophic adipocyte model was induced with palmitic acid(PA).Cell motility was measured in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells co-cultured with adipocytes conditioned medium(CM)with or without SFRP5 protein.Wnt and epithelialmesenchymal transition(EMT)signal pathways were investigated by western blot.Circulating SFRP5 level in 218 breast cancer patients and the association with clinicopathologic characteristics of breast cancer were further determined.Online databases ENCORI and PREDICT Plus were used to exam the link between SFRP5 and prognosis.Results:Reduced SFRP5 level was detected in the hypertrophic adipocyte model.Recombinant SFRP5 protein inhibited MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells invasion and migration induced by PA-treated adipocyte CM,and SFRP5 inhibition by specific antibody reversed the effect of SFRP5.Furthermore,SFRP5 significantly inhibited Wnt and downstream EMT in breast cancer cells.Low circulating SFRP5 level correlated with body mass index(BMI),lymph node(LN)metastasis,TNM stage and high Ki67 expression in breast cancer patients.Increased SFRP5 level was associated with favorable predicted survival.Kaplan-Meier curves showed high SFRP5 level in tumor tissue was associated with better outcome of breast cancer patients.Conclusions:Our findings demonstrated SFRP5 is a vital adipokine that mediates the crosslink between obesity and the metastatic potential of breast cancer.Promotion of SFRP5 expression in the adipose microenvironment may represent a novel approach for preventing breast cancer metastasis.展开更多
Supercritical carbon dioxide(Sc-CO_(2))jet rock breaking is a nonlinear impact dynamics problem involving many factors.Considering the complexity of the physical properties of the Sc-CO_(2)jet and the mesh distortion ...Supercritical carbon dioxide(Sc-CO_(2))jet rock breaking is a nonlinear impact dynamics problem involving many factors.Considering the complexity of the physical properties of the Sc-CO_(2)jet and the mesh distortion problem in dealing with large deformation problems using the finite element method,the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method is used to simulate and analyze the rock breaking process by Sc-CO_(2)jet based on the derivation of the jet velocity-density evolution mathematical model.The results indicate that there exists an optimal rock breaking temperature by Sc-CO_(2).The volume and length of the rock fracture increase with the rising of the jet temperature but falls when the jet temperature exceeds 340 K.With more complicated perforation shapes and larger fracture volumes,the Sc-CO_(2)jet can yield a rock breaking more effectively than water jet,The stress analysis shows that the Sc-CO_(2)rock fracturing process could be reasonably divided into three stages,namely the fracture accumulation stage,the rapid failure stage,and the breaking stabilization stage.The high diffusivity of Sc-CO_(2)is identified as the primary cause of the stress fluctuation and W-shaped fracture morphology.The simulated and calculated results are generally in conformity with the published experimental data.This study provides theoretical guidance for further study on Sc-CO_(2)fracturing mechanism and rock breaking efficiency.展开更多
Coherent rainbows can be formed by focusing white-light laser into liquids.They are bilaterally symmetric interference rings with various shapes.Such interference rings arise from the temperature distribution of the l...Coherent rainbows can be formed by focusing white-light laser into liquids.They are bilaterally symmetric interference rings with various shapes.Such interference rings arise from the temperature distribution of the liquid induced by laser heating,i.e.,thermal lens effect,which changes the refractive index locally and thus the optical path difference.The up-down asymmetry of the interference rings is caused by convection in the liquid.With the increase of the viscosity,the interference rings change their shape from oval to circular shape.After a shutter is opened and the laser shines into the liquid,the interference rings are circular at the beginning.As time goes on,they gradually turn into an oval shape.Let the liquid go a free-fall at the beginning,the interference rings remain circular.All the three experiments have confirmed that the asymmetric interference rings are due to convection in the liquid associated with thermal lens effect.We also numerically simulate the two-dimensional heat conduction with and without convection,whose results agree well with our experimental observations.展开更多
High performance analog and mixed signal circuits are strongly demanded in todays’system on chip systems.They found pervasive applications in A/D or D/A conversion,power management,radio frequency(RF)signal sensing a...High performance analog and mixed signal circuits are strongly demanded in todays’system on chip systems.They found pervasive applications in A/D or D/A conversion,power management,radio frequency(RF)signal sensing and processing,clock generation,etc.In this special issue,we collected 7 comprehensive reviews and 2 research articles from leading research groups,which presented state-of-art design techniques and insight forecast of development trend in this hot area.展开更多
2,4,6-trichlorophenol molecularly imprinted suspension polymer has been prepared and applied to the molecularly imprinted micro-solid-phase extraction procedure for selective preconcentration of phenolic compounds fro...2,4,6-trichlorophenol molecularly imprinted suspension polymer has been prepared and applied to the molecularly imprinted micro-solid-phase extraction procedure for selective preconcentration of phenolic compounds from environmental water samples. The influence of functional monomer, cross-linker, polymerization condition, porogen, and the ratio of template molecule and functional monomer to cross-linker on the size of the obtained particles were investigated. It was found that methyacrylic acid as functional monomer, divinylbenzene as cross-linker, the molar ratio of template molecule and functional monomer to cross-linker was 1:4:20, the amount of AIBN was 100 mg, ultraviolet radiation at 365 nm were the optimal conditions, and at these conditions, the polymers had the best adsorption efficiency and had the monodispersity of 2 - 3 μm microsphere particles. The characteristics of the MIMSPE method were valid by high performance liquid chromatography. This MIMSPE-HPLC method has been successfully applied to the direct preconcentration and determination of phenolic compounds (phenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, pentachlorophenol) in environmental water samples.展开更多
The dynamics of water within a nanopool of a reverse micelle is heavily affected by the amphiphilic interface.In this work,the terahertz(THz)spectra of cyclohexane/Igepal/water nonionic reverse micelle mixture are mea...The dynamics of water within a nanopool of a reverse micelle is heavily affected by the amphiphilic interface.In this work,the terahertz(THz)spectra of cyclohexane/Igepal/water nonionic reverse micelle mixture are measured by THz timedomain spectroscopy and analyzed with two Debye models and complex permittivity of background with volume ratios.Based on the fitted parameters of bulk and fast water,the molar concentration of all kinds of water molecules and hydration water molecule number per Igepal molecule are calculated.We find that slow hydration water has the highest proportion in water when the radius parameterω_(0)<10,while bulk water becomes the main component whenω_(0)≥10.The feature radius ratio of nonhydrated and hydrated water to total water nanopool is roughly obtained from 0.39 to 0.85 with increasingω_(0).展开更多
With the increasing scale of distribution networks and the mass access of distributed generation,traditional central-ized fault location methods can no longer meet the performance requirements of speed and high accura...With the increasing scale of distribution networks and the mass access of distributed generation,traditional central-ized fault location methods can no longer meet the performance requirements of speed and high accuracy.There-fore,this paper proposes a fault segment location method based on spiking neural P systems and Bayesian estimation for distribution networks with distributed generation.First,the distribution network system topology is decoupled into single-branch networks.A spiking neural P system with excitatory and inhibitory synapses is then proposed to model the suspected faulty segment,and its matrix reasoning algorithm is executed to obtain a preliminary set of location results.Finally,the Bayesian estimation and contradiction principle are applied to verify and correct the ini-tial results to obtain the final location results.Simulation results based on the IEEE 33-node system validate the feasi-bility and effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Ultra-broadband,intense,coherent terahertz(THz)radiation can be generated,detected,and manipulated using laser-induced gas or liquid plasma as both the THz wave transmitter and detector,with a frequency coverage spann...Ultra-broadband,intense,coherent terahertz(THz)radiation can be generated,detected,and manipulated using laser-induced gas or liquid plasma as both the THz wave transmitter and detector,with a frequency coverage spanning across and beyond the whole THz gap."Such a research topic is termed plasma-based THz wave photonics in gas and liquid phases."In this paper,we review the most important experimental and theoretical works of the topic in the non-relativistic region with pump laser intensity below 1018 W/cm^(2).展开更多
Colliding of two counter-propagating laser pulses is a widely used approach to create a laser field or intensity surge.We experimentally demonstrate broadband coherent terahertz(THz)radiation generation through the in...Colliding of two counter-propagating laser pulses is a widely used approach to create a laser field or intensity surge.We experimentally demonstrate broadband coherent terahertz(THz)radiation generation through the interaction of colliding laser pulses with gas plasma.The THz radiation has a dipole-like emission pattern perpendicular to the laser propagation direction with a detected peak electric field 1 order of magnitude higher than that by single pulse excitation.As a proof-of-concept demonstration,it provides a deep insight into the physical picture of laser–plasma interaction,exploits an important option to the promising plasma-based THz source,and may find more applications in THz nonlinear near-field imaging and spectroscopy.展开更多
Introduction:Biases in cancer incidence characteristics have led to significant imbalances in databases constructed by prospective cohort studies.Since they use imbalanced databases,many traditional algorithms for tra...Introduction:Biases in cancer incidence characteristics have led to significant imbalances in databases constructed by prospective cohort studies.Since they use imbalanced databases,many traditional algorithms for training cancer risk prediction models perform poorly.Methods:To improve prediction performance,we introduced a Bagging ensemble framework to an absolute risk model based on ensemble penalized Cox regression(EPCR).We then tested whether the EPCR model outperformed other traditional regression models by varying the censoring rate of the simulated data.Results:Six different simulation studies were performed with 100 replicates.To assess model performance,we calculated mean false discovery rate,false omission rate,true positive rate,true negative rate,and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)values.We found that the EPCR procedure could reduce the false discovery rate(FDR)for important variables at the same true positive rate(TPR),thereby achieving more accurate variable screening.In addition,we used the EPCR procedure to build a breast cancer risk prediction model based on the Breast Cancer Cohort Study in Chinese Women database.AUCs for 3-and 5-year predictions were 0.691 and 0.642,representing improvements of 0.189 and 0.117 over the classical Gail model,respectively.Discussion:We conclude that the EPCR procedure can overcome challenges posed by imbalanced data and improve the performance of cancer risk assessment tools.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Breast cancer awareness plays a crucial role in promoting screening attendance,enabling early detection,and improving survival rates associated with breast cancer.Neverth...Summary What is already known about this topic?Breast cancer awareness plays a crucial role in promoting screening attendance,enabling early detection,and improving survival rates associated with breast cancer.Nevertheless,a persistent issue is the low public awareness of breast cancer warning signs and risk factors.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52004015,51874014,and 52311530070)the fellowship of China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX2021033)+1 种基金the fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2021M700389 and 2023T0025)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.FRF-IDRY-20-003,Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of USTB).
文摘This article reviews the current status on the dynamic behavior of highly stressed rocks under disturbances.Firstly,the experimental apparatus,methods,and theories related to the disturbance dynamics of deep,high-stress rock are reviewed,followed by the introduction of scholars’research on deep rock deformation and failure from an energy perspective.Subsequently,with a backdrop of highstress phenomena in deep hard rock,such as rock bursts and core disking,we delve into the current state of research on rock microstructure analysis and residual stresses from the perspective of studying the energy storage mechanisms in rocks.Thereafter,the current state of research on the mechanical response and the energy dissipation of highly stressed rock formations is briefly retrospected.Finally,the insufficient aspects in the current research on the disturbance and failure mechanisms in deep,highly stressed rock formations are summarized,and prospects for future research are provided.This work provides new avenues for the research on the mechanical response and damage-fracture mechanisms of rocks under high-stress conditions.
基金supported by National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2021ZD0109801)in part by the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(Grant No.Z221100007722028)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62334008).
文摘This paper presents a design of single photon avalanche diode(SPAD)light detection and ranging(LiDAR)sensor with 128×128 pixels and 128 column-parallel time-to-analog-merged-analog-to-digital converts(TA-ADCs).Unlike the conventional TAC-based SPAD LiDAR sensor,in which the TAC and ADC are separately implemented,we propose to merge the TAC and ADC by sharing their capacitors,thus avoiding the analog readout noise of TAC’s output buffer,improving the conversion rate,and reducing chip area.The reverse start-stop logic is employed to reduce the power of the TA-ADC.Fabricated in a 180 nm CMOS process,our prototype sensor exhibits a timing resolution of 25 ps,a DNL of+0.30/−0.77 LSB,an INL of+1.41/−2.20 LSB,and a total power consumption of 190 mW.A flash LiDAR system based on this sensor demonstrates the function of 2D/3D imaging with 128×128 resolution,25 kHz inter-frame rate,and sub-centimeter ranging precision.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51874014,52004015,and 52311530070)the fellowship of China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX2021033)+2 种基金the fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M700389)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Nos.FRF-IDRY-20-003 and QNXM20210001)State Key Laboratory of Strata Intelligent Control and Green Mining Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology,China(No.SICGM202108)。
文摘Engineering geological disasters such as rockburst have always been a critical factor affecting the safety of coal mine production.Thus,residual stress is considered a feasible method to explain these geomechanical phenomena.In this study,electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)and optical microscopy were used to characterize the rock microcosm.A measuring area that met the requirements of X-ray diffraction(XRD)residual stress measurement was determined to account for the mechanism of rock residual stress.Then,the residual stress of a siliceous slate-containing quartz vein was measured and calculated using the sin^(2) ϕ method equipped with an X-ray diffractometer.Analysis of microscopic test results showed homogeneous areas with small particles within the millimeter range,meeting the requirements of XRD stress measurement statistics.Quartz was determined as the calibration mineral for slate samples containing quartz veins.The diffraction patterns of the(324)crystal plane were obtained under different ϕ and φ.The deviation direction of the diffraction peaks was consistent,indicating that the sample tested had residual stress.In addition,the principal residual stress within the quartz vein measured by XRD was compressive,ranging from 10 to 33 MPa.The maximum principal stress was parallel to the vein trend,whereas the minimum principal stress was perpendicular to the vein trend.Furthermore,the content of the low-angle boundary and twin boundary in the quartz veins was relatively high,which enhances the resistance of the rock mass to deformation and promotes the easy formation of strain concentrations,thereby resulting in residual stress.The proposed method for measuring residual stress can serve as a reference for subsequent observation and related research on residual stress in different types of rocks.
基金This research was funded by Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2023NSFSC0395)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2022ZH CG0061)the SWJTU Science and Technology Innovation Project(2682022CX008).
文摘The hub-driven virtual rail train is a novel urban transportation system that amalgamates the benefits of modern trams and buses.However,this system is plagued by issues such as decreased ride comfort and severe deformation of urban roads due to the increase in sprung mass and long-term rolling at the same position.To address these concerns and improve the human-vehicle-road friendliness of the virtual rail train,we propose an Improved Sky-Ground Hook and Acceleration-Driven Damper control(Improved SH-GH-ADD control)strategy for the semi-active suspension system.This control monitors the vibration acceleration signal of the unsprung mass in real-time and selects the mixed Sky-Hook and Acceleration-Driven Damper(SH-ADD)control or the mixed Ground-Hook and Acceleration-Driven Damper(GH-ADD)control based on the positive and negative values of the vibration acceleration of the unsprung mass.The Improved SH-GH-ADD control combines the advantages of SH-ADD control and GH-ADD control to achieve control of the sprung mass and unsprung mass in the full fre-quency band.Finally,through simulation and comparative analysis with traditional SH-ADD,GH-ADD,and mixed SH-GH control,we demonstrate the exceptional performance of the proposed algorithm.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61874107,62075211.
文摘This paper describes a promising route for the exploration and development of 3.0 THz sensing and imaging with FET-based power detectors in a standard 65 nm CMOS process.Based on the plasma-wave theory proposed by Dyakonov and Shur,we designed high-responsivity and low-noise multiple detectors for monitoring a pulse-mode 3.0 THz quantum cascade laser(QCL).Furthermore,we present a fully integrated high-speed 32×32-pixel 3.0 THz CMOS image sensor(CIS).The full CIS measures 2.81×5.39 mm^(2) and achieves a 423 V/W responsivity(Rv)and a 5.3 nW integral noise equivalent power(NEP)at room temperature.In experiments,we demonstrate a testing speed reaching 319 fps under continuous-wave(CW)illumina-tion of a 3.0 THz QCL.The results indicate that our terahertz CIS has excellent potential in cost-effective and commercial THz imaging and material detection.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62134004)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB2804402)Basic Frontier Scientific Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDBS-LY-JSC008)。
文摘In IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference(ISSCC)2023,CMOS process is still the dominating fabrication technology for image sensors,and three-dimensional(3D)wafer-stacked process with Cu–Cu pixel-level connection has been adopted to achieve small pixel size and high integration level.The development of CMOS image sensors(CIS)is still focusing on the trends of high performance and more functionalities,such as hybrid event-based vision sensor(EVS)and terahertz(THz)/X-ray image sensor.
基金the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province(No.2017CXGC1212)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31701258)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC0901300)。
文摘Objective:Obesity is closely associated with metastasis in breast cancer patients.Secreted frizzled-related protein 5(SFRP5),one of the novel adipokines with anti-inflammatory properties,is associated with obesity.This study aims to study the role of SFRP5 in the crosstalk between obesity and breast cancer metastasis and identify the underlying mechanism.Methods:3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were differentiated to mature adipocytes and a hypertrophic adipocyte model was induced with palmitic acid(PA).Cell motility was measured in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells co-cultured with adipocytes conditioned medium(CM)with or without SFRP5 protein.Wnt and epithelialmesenchymal transition(EMT)signal pathways were investigated by western blot.Circulating SFRP5 level in 218 breast cancer patients and the association with clinicopathologic characteristics of breast cancer were further determined.Online databases ENCORI and PREDICT Plus were used to exam the link between SFRP5 and prognosis.Results:Reduced SFRP5 level was detected in the hypertrophic adipocyte model.Recombinant SFRP5 protein inhibited MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells invasion and migration induced by PA-treated adipocyte CM,and SFRP5 inhibition by specific antibody reversed the effect of SFRP5.Furthermore,SFRP5 significantly inhibited Wnt and downstream EMT in breast cancer cells.Low circulating SFRP5 level correlated with body mass index(BMI),lymph node(LN)metastasis,TNM stage and high Ki67 expression in breast cancer patients.Increased SFRP5 level was associated with favorable predicted survival.Kaplan-Meier curves showed high SFRP5 level in tumor tissue was associated with better outcome of breast cancer patients.Conclusions:Our findings demonstrated SFRP5 is a vital adipokine that mediates the crosslink between obesity and the metastatic potential of breast cancer.Promotion of SFRP5 expression in the adipose microenvironment may represent a novel approach for preventing breast cancer metastasis.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.51674267,51874310.
文摘Supercritical carbon dioxide(Sc-CO_(2))jet rock breaking is a nonlinear impact dynamics problem involving many factors.Considering the complexity of the physical properties of the Sc-CO_(2)jet and the mesh distortion problem in dealing with large deformation problems using the finite element method,the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method is used to simulate and analyze the rock breaking process by Sc-CO_(2)jet based on the derivation of the jet velocity-density evolution mathematical model.The results indicate that there exists an optimal rock breaking temperature by Sc-CO_(2).The volume and length of the rock fracture increase with the rising of the jet temperature but falls when the jet temperature exceeds 340 K.With more complicated perforation shapes and larger fracture volumes,the Sc-CO_(2)jet can yield a rock breaking more effectively than water jet,The stress analysis shows that the Sc-CO_(2)rock fracturing process could be reasonably divided into three stages,namely the fracture accumulation stage,the rapid failure stage,and the breaking stabilization stage.The high diffusivity of Sc-CO_(2)is identified as the primary cause of the stress fluctuation and W-shaped fracture morphology.The simulated and calculated results are generally in conformity with the published experimental data.This study provides theoretical guidance for further study on Sc-CO_(2)fracturing mechanism and rock breaking efficiency.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0301202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11674311 and U20A20205)。
文摘Coherent rainbows can be formed by focusing white-light laser into liquids.They are bilaterally symmetric interference rings with various shapes.Such interference rings arise from the temperature distribution of the liquid induced by laser heating,i.e.,thermal lens effect,which changes the refractive index locally and thus the optical path difference.The up-down asymmetry of the interference rings is caused by convection in the liquid.With the increase of the viscosity,the interference rings change their shape from oval to circular shape.After a shutter is opened and the laser shines into the liquid,the interference rings are circular at the beginning.As time goes on,they gradually turn into an oval shape.Let the liquid go a free-fall at the beginning,the interference rings remain circular.All the three experiments have confirmed that the asymmetric interference rings are due to convection in the liquid associated with thermal lens effect.We also numerically simulate the two-dimensional heat conduction with and without convection,whose results agree well with our experimental observations.
文摘High performance analog and mixed signal circuits are strongly demanded in todays’system on chip systems.They found pervasive applications in A/D or D/A conversion,power management,radio frequency(RF)signal sensing and processing,clock generation,etc.In this special issue,we collected 7 comprehensive reviews and 2 research articles from leading research groups,which presented state-of-art design techniques and insight forecast of development trend in this hot area.
文摘2,4,6-trichlorophenol molecularly imprinted suspension polymer has been prepared and applied to the molecularly imprinted micro-solid-phase extraction procedure for selective preconcentration of phenolic compounds from environmental water samples. The influence of functional monomer, cross-linker, polymerization condition, porogen, and the ratio of template molecule and functional monomer to cross-linker on the size of the obtained particles were investigated. It was found that methyacrylic acid as functional monomer, divinylbenzene as cross-linker, the molar ratio of template molecule and functional monomer to cross-linker was 1:4:20, the amount of AIBN was 100 mg, ultraviolet radiation at 365 nm were the optimal conditions, and at these conditions, the polymers had the best adsorption efficiency and had the monodispersity of 2 - 3 μm microsphere particles. The characteristics of the MIMSPE method were valid by high performance liquid chromatography. This MIMSPE-HPLC method has been successfully applied to the direct preconcentration and determination of phenolic compounds (phenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, pentachlorophenol) in environmental water samples.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62175185)。
文摘The dynamics of water within a nanopool of a reverse micelle is heavily affected by the amphiphilic interface.In this work,the terahertz(THz)spectra of cyclohexane/Igepal/water nonionic reverse micelle mixture are measured by THz timedomain spectroscopy and analyzed with two Debye models and complex permittivity of background with volume ratios.Based on the fitted parameters of bulk and fast water,the molar concentration of all kinds of water molecules and hydration water molecule number per Igepal molecule are calculated.We find that slow hydration water has the highest proportion in water when the radius parameterω_(0)<10,while bulk water becomes the main component whenω_(0)≥10.The feature radius ratio of nonhydrated and hydrated water to total water nanopool is roughly obtained from 0.39 to 0.85 with increasingω_(0).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62125404 and 62174155)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Z220005)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB30000000)Chinese Academy of Sciences Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-026)。
基金funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61703345)the Chunhui Project Foundation of the Education Department of China(Z201980)the Open Research Subject of Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery(Xihua University),Ministry of Education(szjj2019-27).
文摘With the increasing scale of distribution networks and the mass access of distributed generation,traditional central-ized fault location methods can no longer meet the performance requirements of speed and high accuracy.There-fore,this paper proposes a fault segment location method based on spiking neural P systems and Bayesian estimation for distribution networks with distributed generation.First,the distribution network system topology is decoupled into single-branch networks.A spiking neural P system with excitatory and inhibitory synapses is then proposed to model the suspected faulty segment,and its matrix reasoning algorithm is executed to obtain a preliminary set of location results.Finally,the Bayesian estimation and contradiction principle are applied to verify and correct the ini-tial results to obtain the final location results.Simulation results based on the IEEE 33-node system validate the feasi-bility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62075157,61875151,and 62235013)Tianjin Municipal Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.20JCJQJC00190)+3 种基金Key Fund of Shenzhen Natural Science Foundation(No.JCYJ20200109150212515)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFA0701000)Prof.Xi-Cheng Zhang in The Institute of Optics at University of Rochester has support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research(Nos.FA9550-21-1-0389 and FA9550-21-1-0300)the National Science Foundation(No.ECCS-2152081).
文摘Ultra-broadband,intense,coherent terahertz(THz)radiation can be generated,detected,and manipulated using laser-induced gas or liquid plasma as both the THz wave transmitter and detector,with a frequency coverage spanning across and beyond the whole THz gap."Such a research topic is termed plasma-based THz wave photonics in gas and liquid phases."In this paper,we review the most important experimental and theoretical works of the topic in the non-relativistic region with pump laser intensity below 1018 W/cm^(2).
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(61875151,62075157)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0701000)。
文摘Colliding of two counter-propagating laser pulses is a widely used approach to create a laser field or intensity surge.We experimentally demonstrate broadband coherent terahertz(THz)radiation generation through the interaction of colliding laser pulses with gas plasma.The THz radiation has a dipole-like emission pattern perpendicular to the laser propagation direction with a detected peak electric field 1 order of magnitude higher than that by single pulse excitation.As a proof-of-concept demonstration,it provides a deep insight into the physical picture of laser–plasma interaction,exploits an important option to the promising plasma-based THz source,and may find more applications in THz nonlinear near-field imaging and spectroscopy.
基金Supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grants 2021M691911 and 2021M701997)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YF0901301)the General programs of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021MH243).
文摘Introduction:Biases in cancer incidence characteristics have led to significant imbalances in databases constructed by prospective cohort studies.Since they use imbalanced databases,many traditional algorithms for training cancer risk prediction models perform poorly.Methods:To improve prediction performance,we introduced a Bagging ensemble framework to an absolute risk model based on ensemble penalized Cox regression(EPCR).We then tested whether the EPCR model outperformed other traditional regression models by varying the censoring rate of the simulated data.Results:Six different simulation studies were performed with 100 replicates.To assess model performance,we calculated mean false discovery rate,false omission rate,true positive rate,true negative rate,and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)values.We found that the EPCR procedure could reduce the false discovery rate(FDR)for important variables at the same true positive rate(TPR),thereby achieving more accurate variable screening.In addition,we used the EPCR procedure to build a breast cancer risk prediction model based on the Breast Cancer Cohort Study in Chinese Women database.AUCs for 3-and 5-year predictions were 0.691 and 0.642,representing improvements of 0.189 and 0.117 over the classical Gail model,respectively.Discussion:We conclude that the EPCR procedure can overcome challenges posed by imbalanced data and improve the performance of cancer risk assessment tools.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC0901300,2016YFC0901301).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Breast cancer awareness plays a crucial role in promoting screening attendance,enabling early detection,and improving survival rates associated with breast cancer.Nevertheless,a persistent issue is the low public awareness of breast cancer warning signs and risk factors.