The intraplatform shoal dolomite of the Middle Permian Qixia Formation is currently considered the key target of hydrocarbon exploration in the central Sichuan Basin. To systematically investigate the origin of the st...The intraplatform shoal dolomite of the Middle Permian Qixia Formation is currently considered the key target of hydrocarbon exploration in the central Sichuan Basin. To systematically investigate the origin of the stratabound facies-controlled porous dolomites of the Qixia Formation, integrated petrography,logging and seismic analysis were carried out in this work. The results are as following:(1) the dolomite reservoir is universal in the central Sichuan Basin, and its distribution is controlled by intraplatform shoals, with multilayer superposition vertically. Thick massive dolostone may also develop along with the fault.(2) Three replaced dolomites and one dolomite cement were identified: very finely to finely crystalline, anhedral to subhedral dolomite(Rd1);finely to medium crystalline, anhedral to subhedral dolomite(Rd2);coarsely crystalline, subhedral to euhedral dolomite(Rd3) and coarsely crystalline saddle dolomite cement(Sd). Rd2 and Rd3 are partly fabric-retentive, and preserve the original bioclastic ghosts. Sd shows wavy extinction, filled in the breccia veins.(3) The U-Pb dating and homogenization temperatures results indicate that the dolomite and Sd cement are associated with hydrothermal event during the Emeishan large igneous province. The δ^(13)C,^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr, and seawater-like REEY patterns suggest that the dolomitization and Sd precipitation fluids originate from connate seawater heated by elevated heat-flow.(4) The ELIP triggered large scale thermal anomalies in the basin during the Dongwu movement period. The increased temperature and pressure drove the formation water in the intra-platform shoal facies and overcame the binding effect of Mg^(2+) hydrate. Moreover, the deep hydrothermal fluid preferentially penetrated into the porous strata of shoal facies along the faults and fractures, mixed with formation water to some extent, and extensive dolomitization occurred. The facies-controlled dolomite reservoir and the underlying Cambrian source rock form a good source-reservoir assemblage, which can be a key replacement option.展开更多
In this study,we examine the dynamics and microphysical structures of a deep compact thunderstorm event driving cloud-to-ground(CG)lightning over the Nanjing area located within the Yangtze-Huai River Basin(YHRB)durin...In this study,we examine the dynamics and microphysical structures of a deep compact thunderstorm event driving cloud-to-ground(CG)lightning over the Nanjing area located within the Yangtze-Huai River Basin(YHRB)during the monsoon break period.The microphysical structures combined with the dynamics in the glaciated,mixed-phase,and warm-phase layers during the formative,intensifying,and mature stages of the thunderstorm were first investigated using C-band polarimetric radar and CG lightning observations.The results show that the mature phase of the thunderstorm produced a local cold pool,which collided with a southerly warm wind,resulting in a strong updraft.The strong updraft favored the lifting of raindrops to the mixed-phase region to form abundant supercooled liquid water and graupel.From the formative stage to the developing stage and further to the mature stage,increased ZH-and reduced ZDR-values within the mixed-phase region are found,especially within the strong updraft region(>5 m s^(-1)).This phenomenon suggests that supercooled raindrops evolved into large hydrometeors(graupel and hail),indicative of a strong riming process.The signatures within this region are consistent with a favorable environment for thunderstorm electrification and generate the most frequent lightning during the thunderstorm life cycle.展开更多
针对灰狼优化(grey wolf optimization,GWO)算法在求解复杂高维优化问题时存在解精度低、易陷入局部最优等缺点,提出一种基于对数函数描述收敛因子的改进GWO算法。采用佳点集方法初始化种群以保证个体尽可能均匀地分布在搜索空间中;提...针对灰狼优化(grey wolf optimization,GWO)算法在求解复杂高维优化问题时存在解精度低、易陷入局部最优等缺点,提出一种基于对数函数描述收敛因子的改进GWO算法。采用佳点集方法初始化种群以保证个体尽可能均匀地分布在搜索空间中;提出一种基于对数函数描述的非线性收敛因子替代线性递减收敛因子,以协调算法的勘探和开采能力;对当前最优的3个个体执行改进的精英反向学习策略产生精英反向个体,以避免算法出现早熟收敛。研究结果表明改进算法具有较好的寻优性能。展开更多
基金financially supported by China Petroleum Science and Technology Project (No. 2023ZZ16-01)。
文摘The intraplatform shoal dolomite of the Middle Permian Qixia Formation is currently considered the key target of hydrocarbon exploration in the central Sichuan Basin. To systematically investigate the origin of the stratabound facies-controlled porous dolomites of the Qixia Formation, integrated petrography,logging and seismic analysis were carried out in this work. The results are as following:(1) the dolomite reservoir is universal in the central Sichuan Basin, and its distribution is controlled by intraplatform shoals, with multilayer superposition vertically. Thick massive dolostone may also develop along with the fault.(2) Three replaced dolomites and one dolomite cement were identified: very finely to finely crystalline, anhedral to subhedral dolomite(Rd1);finely to medium crystalline, anhedral to subhedral dolomite(Rd2);coarsely crystalline, subhedral to euhedral dolomite(Rd3) and coarsely crystalline saddle dolomite cement(Sd). Rd2 and Rd3 are partly fabric-retentive, and preserve the original bioclastic ghosts. Sd shows wavy extinction, filled in the breccia veins.(3) The U-Pb dating and homogenization temperatures results indicate that the dolomite and Sd cement are associated with hydrothermal event during the Emeishan large igneous province. The δ^(13)C,^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr, and seawater-like REEY patterns suggest that the dolomitization and Sd precipitation fluids originate from connate seawater heated by elevated heat-flow.(4) The ELIP triggered large scale thermal anomalies in the basin during the Dongwu movement period. The increased temperature and pressure drove the formation water in the intra-platform shoal facies and overcame the binding effect of Mg^(2+) hydrate. Moreover, the deep hydrothermal fluid preferentially penetrated into the porous strata of shoal facies along the faults and fractures, mixed with formation water to some extent, and extensive dolomitization occurred. The facies-controlled dolomite reservoir and the underlying Cambrian source rock form a good source-reservoir assemblage, which can be a key replacement option.
基金primarily supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42025501,41805025,42175005,and 61827901)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3003905)+5 种基金the National Key Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environmental Effects and Electro-optical Engineering(NO.JCKYS61422062101)the Meteorological Union Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2142203)the Foundation of Jiangsu Provincial Meteorological Bureau(KM202308)The Open Grants of China Meteorological Administration Radar Meteorology Key Laboratory(2023LRMB04)S&T Development Fund of NJIAS(KJF202307)the Open Research Program of the State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather(2022LASW-A01)。
文摘In this study,we examine the dynamics and microphysical structures of a deep compact thunderstorm event driving cloud-to-ground(CG)lightning over the Nanjing area located within the Yangtze-Huai River Basin(YHRB)during the monsoon break period.The microphysical structures combined with the dynamics in the glaciated,mixed-phase,and warm-phase layers during the formative,intensifying,and mature stages of the thunderstorm were first investigated using C-band polarimetric radar and CG lightning observations.The results show that the mature phase of the thunderstorm produced a local cold pool,which collided with a southerly warm wind,resulting in a strong updraft.The strong updraft favored the lifting of raindrops to the mixed-phase region to form abundant supercooled liquid water and graupel.From the formative stage to the developing stage and further to the mature stage,increased ZH-and reduced ZDR-values within the mixed-phase region are found,especially within the strong updraft region(>5 m s^(-1)).This phenomenon suggests that supercooled raindrops evolved into large hydrometeors(graupel and hail),indicative of a strong riming process.The signatures within this region are consistent with a favorable environment for thunderstorm electrification and generate the most frequent lightning during the thunderstorm life cycle.
文摘针对灰狼优化(grey wolf optimization,GWO)算法在求解复杂高维优化问题时存在解精度低、易陷入局部最优等缺点,提出一种基于对数函数描述收敛因子的改进GWO算法。采用佳点集方法初始化种群以保证个体尽可能均匀地分布在搜索空间中;提出一种基于对数函数描述的非线性收敛因子替代线性递减收敛因子,以协调算法的勘探和开采能力;对当前最优的3个个体执行改进的精英反向学习策略产生精英反向个体,以避免算法出现早熟收敛。研究结果表明改进算法具有较好的寻优性能。
