To explore genetic variability for two Jerusalem artichoke cultivated with 75% seawater irrigation for six years） and N7 （Helianthus tuberosus） cultivars, N1 （the sixth-generation （a general variety）, a experime...To explore genetic variability for two Jerusalem artichoke cultivated with 75% seawater irrigation for six years） and N7 （Helianthus tuberosus） cultivars, N1 （the sixth-generation （a general variety）, a experiment was conducted to study the changes in physiological attributes under different concentrations （0%, 10% and 25% of seawater concentration in greenhouse and 0%, 30% and 50% of seawater concentration in the field） of seawater salinity stress. In the greenhouse experiment, decreases of dry growth rate, but increases of dry matter percentage and membrane injury occurred in both the genotypes at 10% and 25% seawater treatments, although lesser cell membrane damage was observed in N1 than N7. N1 accumulated greater contents of Na^＋, Cl^-, soluble sugar and proline in leaves compared with NT. In the field experiment, the yields of shoot, root and tuber, and the contents of total-sugar and inulin in tubers of N1 were higher than those of N7. Lesser degree of salt injury in N1 indicated that the relatively salt-tolerant cultivar had higher K^＋/Na^＋ ratio, lower Na^＋/Ca^2＋ ratio, and the salt-induced enhancement of osmotic adjustment.展开更多
Jerusalem artichoke(Helianthus tuberosus L.) not just can be used for bioethanol production but may be potentially used in phytoremediation for the removal of heavy metal pollutants.Two Jerusalem artichoke cultivars,N...Jerusalem artichoke(Helianthus tuberosus L.) not just can be used for bioethanol production but may be potentially used in phytoremediation for the removal of heavy metal pollutants.Two Jerusalem artichoke cultivars,N2 and N5,were subjected to six cadmium(Cd) concentrations(0,5,25,50,100 and 200 mg L1) to investigate Cd tolerance and accumulation.After 21 days of growth,the effects of Cd on growth,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,intercellular CO2 concentration and malondialdehyde content were evaluated.Most growth parameters were reduced under Cd stress.The two Jerusalem artichoke cultivars had relatively high Cd tolerance and accumulation capacity(> 100 mg kg1),with N5 being more tolerant and having higher Cd accumulation than N2.Roots accumulated more Cd than stems and leaves.The bioconcentration factors(far higher than 1) and translocation factors(lower than 1) decreased with an increase in Cd applied.The results suggested that Jerusalem artichoke could be grown at relatively high Cd loads,and N5 could be an excellent candidate for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils.展开更多
Ammonium(NH+4) is the main nitrogen(N) form for rice crops, while NH+4near the root surface can be oxidized to nitrate(NO-3)by NH+4-oxidizing bacteria. Nitrate can be accumulated within rice tissues and reused when N ...Ammonium(NH+4) is the main nitrogen(N) form for rice crops, while NH+4near the root surface can be oxidized to nitrate(NO-3)by NH+4-oxidizing bacteria. Nitrate can be accumulated within rice tissues and reused when N supply is insufficient. We compared the remobilization of NO-3stored in the tissue and vacuolar between two rice(Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, Yangdao 6(YD6, indica)with a high N use efficiency(NUE) and Wuyujing 3(WYJ3, japonica) with a low NUE and measured the uptake of NO-3, expression of nitrate reductase(NR), NO-3transporter genes(NRTs), and NR activity after 4 d of N starvation following 7-d cultivation in a solution containing 2.86 mmol L-1NO-3. The results showed that both tissue NO-3concentration and vacuolar NO-3activity were higher in YD6 than WYJ3 under N starvation. YD6 showed a 2- to 3-fold higher expression of OsNRT2.1 in roots on the 1st and 4th day of N starvation and had significantly higher values of NO-3uptake(maximum uptake velocity, Vmax) than the cultivar WYJ3.Furthermore, YD6 had significantly higher leaf and root maximum NR activity(NRAmax) and actual NR activity(NRAact) as well as stronger root expression of the two NR genes after the 1st day of N starvation. There were no significant differences in NRAmax and NRAact between the two rice cultivars on the 4th day of N starvation. The results suggested that YD6 had stronger NRA under N starvation, which might result in better NO-3re-utilization from the vacuole, and higher capacity for NO-3uptake and use, potentially explaining the higher NUE of YD6 compared with WYJ3.展开更多
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) of China(No.2007AA091702)the National R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Agriculture) of China (No.200903001-5)the Research Program of Nanjing Agricultural University, China (No.KJ08010)
文摘To explore genetic variability for two Jerusalem artichoke cultivated with 75% seawater irrigation for six years） and N7 （Helianthus tuberosus） cultivars, N1 （the sixth-generation （a general variety）, a experiment was conducted to study the changes in physiological attributes under different concentrations （0%, 10% and 25% of seawater concentration in greenhouse and 0%, 30% and 50% of seawater concentration in the field） of seawater salinity stress. In the greenhouse experiment, decreases of dry growth rate, but increases of dry matter percentage and membrane injury occurred in both the genotypes at 10% and 25% seawater treatments, although lesser cell membrane damage was observed in N1 than N7. N1 accumulated greater contents of Na^＋, Cl^-, soluble sugar and proline in leaves compared with NT. In the field experiment, the yields of shoot, root and tuber, and the contents of total-sugar and inulin in tubers of N1 were higher than those of N7. Lesser degree of salt injury in N1 indicated that the relatively salt-tolerant cultivar had higher K^＋/Na^＋ ratio, lower Na^＋/Ca^2＋ ratio, and the salt-induced enhancement of osmotic adjustment.
基金Supported by the Program of Introducing International Advanced Agricultural Science and Technologies(948 Program) of Ministry of Agriculture of China(No.2009-Z9)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(Nos.2009BADA3B048 and 2011BAD13B09)+3 种基金the Jiangsu Provincial Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.BE2010305)the Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(No.20100097120016)the Special Fund for Public Welfare Technology Research of Agricultural Industry(No.200903001-5)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Jerusalem artichoke(Helianthus tuberosus L.) not just can be used for bioethanol production but may be potentially used in phytoremediation for the removal of heavy metal pollutants.Two Jerusalem artichoke cultivars,N2 and N5,were subjected to six cadmium(Cd) concentrations(0,5,25,50,100 and 200 mg L1) to investigate Cd tolerance and accumulation.After 21 days of growth,the effects of Cd on growth,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,intercellular CO2 concentration and malondialdehyde content were evaluated.Most growth parameters were reduced under Cd stress.The two Jerusalem artichoke cultivars had relatively high Cd tolerance and accumulation capacity(> 100 mg kg1),with N5 being more tolerant and having higher Cd accumulation than N2.Roots accumulated more Cd than stems and leaves.The bioconcentration factors(far higher than 1) and translocation factors(lower than 1) decreased with an increase in Cd applied.The results suggested that Jerusalem artichoke could be grown at relatively high Cd loads,and N5 could be an excellent candidate for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(No.200903001-5)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)of China+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK2010440)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.20110491439)
文摘Ammonium(NH+4) is the main nitrogen(N) form for rice crops, while NH+4near the root surface can be oxidized to nitrate(NO-3)by NH+4-oxidizing bacteria. Nitrate can be accumulated within rice tissues and reused when N supply is insufficient. We compared the remobilization of NO-3stored in the tissue and vacuolar between two rice(Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, Yangdao 6(YD6, indica)with a high N use efficiency(NUE) and Wuyujing 3(WYJ3, japonica) with a low NUE and measured the uptake of NO-3, expression of nitrate reductase(NR), NO-3transporter genes(NRTs), and NR activity after 4 d of N starvation following 7-d cultivation in a solution containing 2.86 mmol L-1NO-3. The results showed that both tissue NO-3concentration and vacuolar NO-3activity were higher in YD6 than WYJ3 under N starvation. YD6 showed a 2- to 3-fold higher expression of OsNRT2.1 in roots on the 1st and 4th day of N starvation and had significantly higher values of NO-3uptake(maximum uptake velocity, Vmax) than the cultivar WYJ3.Furthermore, YD6 had significantly higher leaf and root maximum NR activity(NRAmax) and actual NR activity(NRAact) as well as stronger root expression of the two NR genes after the 1st day of N starvation. There were no significant differences in NRAmax and NRAact between the two rice cultivars on the 4th day of N starvation. The results suggested that YD6 had stronger NRA under N starvation, which might result in better NO-3re-utilization from the vacuole, and higher capacity for NO-3uptake and use, potentially explaining the higher NUE of YD6 compared with WYJ3.
