利用1961—2020年黑龙江省冬季逐日气温资料,以连续5 d日平均气温低于一个标准差来判定极端冷事件,进而利用冷事件的持续天数和气温累计距平构建冬季极端寒冷指数(Extreme Cold Index of Winter,ECIW)。在此基础上深入研究了ECIW的年代...利用1961—2020年黑龙江省冬季逐日气温资料,以连续5 d日平均气温低于一个标准差来判定极端冷事件,进而利用冷事件的持续天数和气温累计距平构建冬季极端寒冷指数(Extreme Cold Index of Winter,ECIW)。在此基础上深入研究了ECIW的年代际变化特征及其环流差异。结果表明:近60 a来黑龙江省ECIW呈显著上升趋势,且在1987年前后发生了年代际突变,突变后冬季冷事件强度显著减小。回归分析表明,突变前的1961—1985年,当ECIW强度偏强时,环流呈现北极涛动负位相和弱的欧亚遥相关型正位相分布特征,西北高东南低的环流配置下东亚中高纬环流经向度加大,影响黑龙江省的冷空气较强。而突变后的1991—2020年,环流呈现典型的欧亚遥相关型正位相分布,东亚温带急流显著偏弱,北高南低的配置下黑龙江上空低值系统活跃。对北极涛动、欧亚遥相关型、西伯利亚高压、东亚冬季风等指数与ECIW的相关和偏相关分析表明,北极涛动和欧亚遥相关型是影响ECIW的重要环流因子,1961—1985年北极涛动是主导因子,1991—2020年欧亚遥相关型是主导因子。展开更多
利用松花江流域(Songhua River Basin,SRB)103站降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及NOAA海温等资料,运用多种统计方法,分析了1979-2019年松花江流域冬季降雪的年际变化特征及其与西北太平洋地区海温异常的联系。研究表明,松花江流域冬...利用松花江流域(Songhua River Basin,SRB)103站降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及NOAA海温等资料,运用多种统计方法,分析了1979-2019年松花江流域冬季降雪的年际变化特征及其与西北太平洋地区海温异常的联系。研究表明,松花江流域冬季降雪主要受到其年际变率的调控,且年际降雪异常EOF分解的第一模态表现为流域一致型变化(方差贡献率为55.3%)。当松花江流域冬季年际降雪偏多(偏少)时,鄂霍次克海到阿留申地区出现位势高度正异常(负异常),其南部中低纬地区位势高度为负异常(正异常)。进一步分析表明,冬季西北太平洋地区偶极子型海温异常对同期松花江流域年际降雪有重要影响。当西北太平洋海温偶极子为正位相时(日本海地区海温正异常,菲律宾群岛以东地区海温负异常),引起西北太平洋中高纬地区对流层中层出现位势高度正异常,低层为异常反气旋式环流,中低纬地区对流层中层出现位势高度负异常,低层为异常气旋式环流。在此环流背景下,北太平洋到松花江流域被异常东南风控制,有利于阿留申以南海域以及我国东部近海地区的水汽输送至松花江流域并辐合上升,导致该流域冬季年际降雪增加;反之亦然。展开更多
On the basis of the temperature observations during 1961-2000 in China, seven coupled general circulation models＇ （GCMs） extreme temperature products are evaluated supplied by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate...On the basis of the temperature observations during 1961-2000 in China, seven coupled general circulation models＇ （GCMs） extreme temperature products are evaluated supplied by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change＇ s 4th Assessment Report （IPCC-AR4）. The extreme temperature indices in use are frost days （FD）, growing season length （GSL）, extreme temperature range （ETR）, warm nights （TN90）, and heat wave duration index （HWDI）. Results indicate that all the seven models are capable of simulating spatial and temporal variations in temperature characteristics, and their ensemble acts more reliable than any single one. Among the seven models, GFDL-CM2.0 and MIROC3.2 performances are much better. Besides, most of the models are able to present linear trends of the same positive/negative signs as the observations but for weaker intensities. The simulation effects are different on a nationwide basis, with 110°N as the division, east （west） of which the effects are better （worse） and the poorer over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China. The predictions for the 21st century on emissions scenarios show that except decreases in the FD and ETR, other indices display significant increasing trend, especially for the indices of HWDI and TN90, which represent the notable extreme climate. This indicates that the temperature-related climate is moving towards the extreme. In the late 21st century, the GSL and TN90 （HWDI） increase most notably in southwest China （the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau）, and the FD decrease most remarkably in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, northwest and northeast of China. Apart from South China, the yearly change range of the extreme temperature is reduced in most of China.展开更多
Based on 1961-2005 observed winter precipitation data in Northeast China, the temporal and spatial variations of snow concentration degree （SCD） and snow concentration period （SCP）, together with the circulation c...Based on 1961-2005 observed winter precipitation data in Northeast China, the temporal and spatial variations of snow concentration degree （SCD） and snow concentration period （SCP）, together with the circulation characteristics when there is a higher SCD, are computed and analyzed. Results show that SCD in Northeast China presents a yearly rising tendency and SCP decreases obviously. In terms of decadal variation, there is a 12-year periodic variation in PCP, and since the mid-1970s there has been an 8-year short periodic variation. As to spatial variation, SCD in winter of Northeast China has increased gradually from the eastern part to the western, and the minimum value of SCD occurs in the east of Jilin Province, while the high value center is observed in the central part of the province. For the whole Northeast China, the variation tendencies are consistent in the eastern and central parts, where SCD presents a rising tendency and SCP shows a decreasing tendency. SCD in the southwestern and northern parts has a slight rising tendency, with SCD in the southwestern part having the slightest increasing tendency, and SCP in the northern part showing the slightest decreasing tendency. When a high SCD value is observed, the whole region is controlled by the East Asian deep trough at 500 hPa, and the trough becomes deeper in the western part, while a high pressure, which is easily formed and intensified in the eastern part, makes the East Asian deep trough move eastward slowly. Upper-level jet stream and low-level jet stream co-exist, and the former is stronger and takes more of a southwestward position than the latter. The high value zone of water vapor transport over the Pacific is intensified obviously, and the extent also increases. Northeast China is influenced by the water vapor transported to the northwest along the north of the high value center.展开更多
文摘利用1961—2020年黑龙江省冬季逐日气温资料,以连续5 d日平均气温低于一个标准差来判定极端冷事件,进而利用冷事件的持续天数和气温累计距平构建冬季极端寒冷指数(Extreme Cold Index of Winter,ECIW)。在此基础上深入研究了ECIW的年代际变化特征及其环流差异。结果表明:近60 a来黑龙江省ECIW呈显著上升趋势,且在1987年前后发生了年代际突变,突变后冬季冷事件强度显著减小。回归分析表明,突变前的1961—1985年,当ECIW强度偏强时,环流呈现北极涛动负位相和弱的欧亚遥相关型正位相分布特征,西北高东南低的环流配置下东亚中高纬环流经向度加大,影响黑龙江省的冷空气较强。而突变后的1991—2020年,环流呈现典型的欧亚遥相关型正位相分布,东亚温带急流显著偏弱,北高南低的配置下黑龙江上空低值系统活跃。对北极涛动、欧亚遥相关型、西伯利亚高压、东亚冬季风等指数与ECIW的相关和偏相关分析表明,北极涛动和欧亚遥相关型是影响ECIW的重要环流因子,1961—1985年北极涛动是主导因子,1991—2020年欧亚遥相关型是主导因子。
文摘利用松花江流域(Songhua River Basin,SRB)103站降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及NOAA海温等资料,运用多种统计方法,分析了1979-2019年松花江流域冬季降雪的年际变化特征及其与西北太平洋地区海温异常的联系。研究表明,松花江流域冬季降雪主要受到其年际变率的调控,且年际降雪异常EOF分解的第一模态表现为流域一致型变化(方差贡献率为55.3%)。当松花江流域冬季年际降雪偏多(偏少)时,鄂霍次克海到阿留申地区出现位势高度正异常(负异常),其南部中低纬地区位势高度为负异常(正异常)。进一步分析表明,冬季西北太平洋地区偶极子型海温异常对同期松花江流域年际降雪有重要影响。当西北太平洋海温偶极子为正位相时(日本海地区海温正异常,菲律宾群岛以东地区海温负异常),引起西北太平洋中高纬地区对流层中层出现位势高度正异常,低层为异常反气旋式环流,中低纬地区对流层中层出现位势高度负异常,低层为异常气旋式环流。在此环流背景下,北太平洋到松花江流域被异常东南风控制,有利于阿留申以南海域以及我国东部近海地区的水汽输送至松花江流域并辐合上升,导致该流域冬季年际降雪增加;反之亦然。
基金The research of regular and technology about important and climate events around Beijing area under contract No.Z07050600680701the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.40675043
文摘On the basis of the temperature observations during 1961-2000 in China, seven coupled general circulation models＇ （GCMs） extreme temperature products are evaluated supplied by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change＇ s 4th Assessment Report （IPCC-AR4）. The extreme temperature indices in use are frost days （FD）, growing season length （GSL）, extreme temperature range （ETR）, warm nights （TN90）, and heat wave duration index （HWDI）. Results indicate that all the seven models are capable of simulating spatial and temporal variations in temperature characteristics, and their ensemble acts more reliable than any single one. Among the seven models, GFDL-CM2.0 and MIROC3.2 performances are much better. Besides, most of the models are able to present linear trends of the same positive/negative signs as the observations but for weaker intensities. The simulation effects are different on a nationwide basis, with 110°N as the division, east （west） of which the effects are better （worse） and the poorer over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China. The predictions for the 21st century on emissions scenarios show that except decreases in the FD and ETR, other indices display significant increasing trend, especially for the indices of HWDI and TN90, which represent the notable extreme climate. This indicates that the temperature-related climate is moving towards the extreme. In the late 21st century, the GSL and TN90 （HWDI） increase most notably in southwest China （the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau）, and the FD decrease most remarkably in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, northwest and northeast of China. Apart from South China, the yearly change range of the extreme temperature is reduced in most of China.
基金Climate Change Special Fund of CMA, No.CCSF-09-01New Technology Popularizing Project of CMA, No.CMATG2008M19National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973), No.2010CB428506
文摘Based on 1961-2005 observed winter precipitation data in Northeast China, the temporal and spatial variations of snow concentration degree （SCD） and snow concentration period （SCP）, together with the circulation characteristics when there is a higher SCD, are computed and analyzed. Results show that SCD in Northeast China presents a yearly rising tendency and SCP decreases obviously. In terms of decadal variation, there is a 12-year periodic variation in PCP, and since the mid-1970s there has been an 8-year short periodic variation. As to spatial variation, SCD in winter of Northeast China has increased gradually from the eastern part to the western, and the minimum value of SCD occurs in the east of Jilin Province, while the high value center is observed in the central part of the province. For the whole Northeast China, the variation tendencies are consistent in the eastern and central parts, where SCD presents a rising tendency and SCP shows a decreasing tendency. SCD in the southwestern and northern parts has a slight rising tendency, with SCD in the southwestern part having the slightest increasing tendency, and SCP in the northern part showing the slightest decreasing tendency. When a high SCD value is observed, the whole region is controlled by the East Asian deep trough at 500 hPa, and the trough becomes deeper in the western part, while a high pressure, which is easily formed and intensified in the eastern part, makes the East Asian deep trough move eastward slowly. Upper-level jet stream and low-level jet stream co-exist, and the former is stronger and takes more of a southwestward position than the latter. The high value zone of water vapor transport over the Pacific is intensified obviously, and the extent also increases. Northeast China is influenced by the water vapor transported to the northwest along the north of the high value center.
