净初级生产力(NPP)是评估全球气候变化和人类活动下生态系统状况、过程和机制的重要指标之一。研究以中国首批国家公园之一的三江源国家公园为对象,利用GLOPEM⁃CEVSA耦合模型,以1981—2018年空间插值的气象数据和基于遥感反演的FPAR数...净初级生产力(NPP)是评估全球气候变化和人类活动下生态系统状况、过程和机制的重要指标之一。研究以中国首批国家公园之一的三江源国家公园为对象,利用GLOPEM⁃CEVSA耦合模型,以1981—2018年空间插值的气象数据和基于遥感反演的FPAR数据为输入,分别估算仅气候驱动的潜在NPP(NPP_(CL))和气候遥感共同驱动的现实NPP(NPP_(RS)),以二者之差厘定人类活动影响的NPP(NPP_(HA)),进而探究全球气候变化下人类活动的影响。结果表明:(1)三江源地区NPP_(RS)多年均值为309.70 g C m^(-2)a^(-1),占NPP_(CL)的61.65%。其中,黄河源、长江源和澜沧江源园区NPP_(RS)分别为249.88 g C m^(-2)a^(-1)、140.18 g C m^(-2)a^(-1)和330.55 g C m^(-2)a^(-1)。(2)全区NPP_(RS)以2.00 g C m^(-2)a^(-1)速率显著增加,高于NPP_(CL)(1.74 g C m^(-2)a^(-1)),其中黄河源、长江源和澜沧江源园区NPP_(RS)增长速率分别占各自NPP_(CL)增长速率的89.13%、90.23%和77.43%,澜沧江源园区整体受人类活动影响最大。(3)气候影响方面,年降水、年平均日最高气温和年平均日最低气温共同可解释全区NPP_(CL)和NPP_(RS)年际变化的51%和73%,可分别解释黄河源、长江源和澜沧江源园区的48%和58%、52%和69%、42%和50%,其中气温对NPP年际变化趋势影响更大。(4)人类活动在大部分区域呈负影响,存在西北向东南负面影响增强的空间分布特征,但2000年前后人类活动对生产力变化趋势呈负影响的面积从79.12%降低到56.34%,NPP变化量从-71.41 Tg C降低到-38.72 Tg C,作为主导因子的变化范围从18.73%增加至38.76%,三江源地区生态保护与恢复等措施促进了植被生产力增加,但需进一步实施生态保护与恢复措施,这是一项长期而艰巨的任务。展开更多
The Three-River Headwaters(TRH), which is the source area of Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River, is vulnerable and sensitive, and its alpine ecosystem is considered an important barrier for China’s ecologi...The Three-River Headwaters(TRH), which is the source area of Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River, is vulnerable and sensitive, and its alpine ecosystem is considered an important barrier for China’s ecological security. Understanding the impact of climate changes is essential for determining suitable measures for ecological environmental protection and restoration against the background of global climatic changes. However, different explanations of the interannual trends in complex alpine ecosystems have been proposed due to limited availability of reliable data and the uncertainty of the model itself. In this study, the remote sensing-process coupled model(GLOPEM-CEVSA) was used to estimate the net primary productivity(NPP) of vegetation in the TRH region from 2000 to 2012. The estimated NPP significantly and linearly correlated with the above-ground biomass sampled in the field(the multiple correlative coefficient R2 = 0.45, significant level P < 0.01) and showed better performance than the MODIS productivity product, i.e. MOD17 A3,(R2 = 0.21). The climate of TRH became warmer and wetter during 1990-2012, and the years 2000 to 2012 were warmer and wetter than the years1990–2000. Responding to the warmer and wetter climate, the NPP had an increasing trend of 13.7 g m^–2(10 yr)^–1 with a statistical confidence of 86%(P = 0.14). Among the three basins, the NPP of the Yellow River basin increased at the fastest rate of 17.44 g m^–2(10 yr)^–1(P = 0.158), followed by the Yangtze River basin, and the Lancang River, which was the slowest with a rate of 12.2 g m^–2(10 yr)^–1 and a statistical confidence level of only 67%. A multivariate linear regression with temperature and precipitation as the independent variables and NPP as the dependent variable at the pixel level was used to analyze the impacts of climatic changes on the trend of NPP. Both temperature and precipitation can explain the interannual variability of 83% in grassland NPP in the whole region, and can explain high, medium and low coverage of 78%, 84% and 83%, respectively, for grassland in the whole region. The results indicate that climate changes play a dominant role in the interannual trend of vegetation productivity in the alpine ecosystems on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. This has important implications for the formulation of ecological protection and restoration policies for vulnerable ecosystems against the background of global climate changes.展开更多
文摘净初级生产力(NPP)是评估全球气候变化和人类活动下生态系统状况、过程和机制的重要指标之一。研究以中国首批国家公园之一的三江源国家公园为对象,利用GLOPEM⁃CEVSA耦合模型,以1981—2018年空间插值的气象数据和基于遥感反演的FPAR数据为输入,分别估算仅气候驱动的潜在NPP(NPP_(CL))和气候遥感共同驱动的现实NPP(NPP_(RS)),以二者之差厘定人类活动影响的NPP(NPP_(HA)),进而探究全球气候变化下人类活动的影响。结果表明:(1)三江源地区NPP_(RS)多年均值为309.70 g C m^(-2)a^(-1),占NPP_(CL)的61.65%。其中,黄河源、长江源和澜沧江源园区NPP_(RS)分别为249.88 g C m^(-2)a^(-1)、140.18 g C m^(-2)a^(-1)和330.55 g C m^(-2)a^(-1)。(2)全区NPP_(RS)以2.00 g C m^(-2)a^(-1)速率显著增加,高于NPP_(CL)(1.74 g C m^(-2)a^(-1)),其中黄河源、长江源和澜沧江源园区NPP_(RS)增长速率分别占各自NPP_(CL)增长速率的89.13%、90.23%和77.43%,澜沧江源园区整体受人类活动影响最大。(3)气候影响方面,年降水、年平均日最高气温和年平均日最低气温共同可解释全区NPP_(CL)和NPP_(RS)年际变化的51%和73%,可分别解释黄河源、长江源和澜沧江源园区的48%和58%、52%和69%、42%和50%,其中气温对NPP年际变化趋势影响更大。(4)人类活动在大部分区域呈负影响,存在西北向东南负面影响增强的空间分布特征,但2000年前后人类活动对生产力变化趋势呈负影响的面积从79.12%降低到56.34%,NPP变化量从-71.41 Tg C降低到-38.72 Tg C,作为主导因子的变化范围从18.73%增加至38.76%,三江源地区生态保护与恢复等措施促进了植被生产力增加,但需进一步实施生态保护与恢复措施,这是一项长期而艰巨的任务。
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0500203)Science and Technology Program of Qinghai Province(2018-ZJ-T09,2017-SF-A6)
文摘The Three-River Headwaters(TRH), which is the source area of Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River, is vulnerable and sensitive, and its alpine ecosystem is considered an important barrier for China’s ecological security. Understanding the impact of climate changes is essential for determining suitable measures for ecological environmental protection and restoration against the background of global climatic changes. However, different explanations of the interannual trends in complex alpine ecosystems have been proposed due to limited availability of reliable data and the uncertainty of the model itself. In this study, the remote sensing-process coupled model(GLOPEM-CEVSA) was used to estimate the net primary productivity(NPP) of vegetation in the TRH region from 2000 to 2012. The estimated NPP significantly and linearly correlated with the above-ground biomass sampled in the field(the multiple correlative coefficient R2 = 0.45, significant level P < 0.01) and showed better performance than the MODIS productivity product, i.e. MOD17 A3,(R2 = 0.21). The climate of TRH became warmer and wetter during 1990-2012, and the years 2000 to 2012 were warmer and wetter than the years1990–2000. Responding to the warmer and wetter climate, the NPP had an increasing trend of 13.7 g m^–2(10 yr)^–1 with a statistical confidence of 86%(P = 0.14). Among the three basins, the NPP of the Yellow River basin increased at the fastest rate of 17.44 g m^–2(10 yr)^–1(P = 0.158), followed by the Yangtze River basin, and the Lancang River, which was the slowest with a rate of 12.2 g m^–2(10 yr)^–1 and a statistical confidence level of only 67%. A multivariate linear regression with temperature and precipitation as the independent variables and NPP as the dependent variable at the pixel level was used to analyze the impacts of climatic changes on the trend of NPP. Both temperature and precipitation can explain the interannual variability of 83% in grassland NPP in the whole region, and can explain high, medium and low coverage of 78%, 84% and 83%, respectively, for grassland in the whole region. The results indicate that climate changes play a dominant role in the interannual trend of vegetation productivity in the alpine ecosystems on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. This has important implications for the formulation of ecological protection and restoration policies for vulnerable ecosystems against the background of global climate changes.
