液体活检在癌症筛查中的现状及展望

中国癌症发病率持续升高, 但受限于当前检测技术等诸多因素, 癌症筛查和诊断的灵敏度、特异度不够理想。随着液体活检技术的发展, 癌症的早筛、早诊产生了诸多突破性进展。液体活检应用于肺癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌等单癌种的筛查, 具有侵入性小、快速便捷、可重复性强等优点, 可实现癌症早发现、早诊断。液体活检还具有高特异度、高灵敏度、高性价比的特点, 可以同时检测多种癌症, 并提供准确的组织溯源结果, 被认为是下一代癌症早筛技术的突破口。本文就液体活检在单癌种和多癌种领域的研究进展加以综述, 并对未来癌症诊疗新格局进行了展望。

Construction of chimeric inducible promoters by elicitors of rice fungal blast pathogen and their expression in transgenic rice

The promoter fragments of wheat GstA1 and potato Gst1 have been amplified by PCR, cloned and fused respectively to the minimal promoter sequence of rice actin gene (Act1)) and its 5’ untranslated leader sequence together with GUS. The constructs with 2 chimeric promoters (WGA and PGA) have been transferred into rice in order to analyze their inducibility patterns in transgenic rice plants. The results show that: WGA and PGA are both inducible by elicitors of Pyricularia oryzae in transgenic rice cells; the intron I of rice Act1 gene is important for the heterogenic expression of monocot and dicot promoter elements in rice; and the Act1 minimal promoter and its 5’untranslated leader sequence produced low level background expression in rice.