目的:探讨肠内营养(EN)液不同输注速度对神经内科危重病人胃潴留的影响。方法:将109例进行EN的病人根据洼田饮水试验不同结果将其分为A、B、C三组,洼田饮水试验5分为A组,4分为B组,3分为C组。A组EN输注速度为60~79 m L/h;B组80~99 m L/h;...目的:探讨肠内营养(EN)液不同输注速度对神经内科危重病人胃潴留的影响。方法:将109例进行EN的病人根据洼田饮水试验不同结果将其分为A、B、C三组,洼田饮水试验5分为A组,4分为B组,3分为C组。A组EN输注速度为60~79 m L/h;B组80~99 m L/h;C组100~120 mL/h,温度控制在39℃~41℃,观察各组病人住院期间胃潴留的发生情况。结果:同A组病人相比,B组病人发生胃潴留的风险并未显著增加(OR=2.062,95%CI:0.477~8.919,P=0.333),C组病人发生胃潴留的风险显著增加(OR=5.315,95%CI:1.198~23.574,P=0.028),线性趋势检验显示,输注速度与胃潴留风险之间存在显著性的剂量反应关系(线性趋势P<0.05)。结论:使用加温营养泵,温度控制在39℃~41℃,输注速度在60~100 mL/h时可有效减少胃潴留的发生,考虑到鼻饲时间和临床护理人员的工作量等客观因素,神经内科危重病人在入院第4天,泵入速度80~100 mL/h值得在临床推广应用。展开更多
The shortage of groundwater resources is a considerable challenge for winter wheat production on the North China Plain.Water-saving technologies and procedures are thus urgently required.To determine the water-saving ...The shortage of groundwater resources is a considerable challenge for winter wheat production on the North China Plain.Water-saving technologies and procedures are thus urgently required.To determine the water-saving potential of using micro-sprinkling irrigation(MSI)for winter wheat production,field experiments were conducted from 2012 to 2015.Compared to traditional flooding irrigation(TFI),micro-sprinkling thrice with 90 mm water(MSI1)and micro-sprinkling four times with 120 mm water(MSI2)increased the water use efficiency by 22.5 and 16.2%,respectively,while reducing evapotranspiration by 17.6 and 10.8%.Regardless of the rainfall pattern,MSI(i.e.,MSI1 or MSI2)either stabilized or significantly increased the grain yield,while reducing irrigation water volumes by 20–40%,compared to TFI.Applying the same volumes of irrigation water,MSI(i.e.,MSI3,micro-sprinkling five times with 150 mm water)increased the grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat by 4.6 and 11.7%,respectively,compared to TFI.Because MSI could supply irrigation water more frequently in smaller amounts each time,it reduced soil layer compaction,and may have also resulted in a soil water deficit that promoted the spread of roots into the deep soil layer,which is beneficial to photosynthetic production in the critical period.In conclusion,MSI1 or MSI2 either stabilized or significantly increased grain yield while reducing irrigation water volumes by 20–40%compared to TFI,and should provide water-saving technological support in winter wheat production for smallholders on the North China Plain.展开更多
文摘目的:探讨肠内营养(EN)液不同输注速度对神经内科危重病人胃潴留的影响。方法:将109例进行EN的病人根据洼田饮水试验不同结果将其分为A、B、C三组,洼田饮水试验5分为A组,4分为B组,3分为C组。A组EN输注速度为60~79 m L/h;B组80~99 m L/h;C组100~120 mL/h,温度控制在39℃~41℃,观察各组病人住院期间胃潴留的发生情况。结果:同A组病人相比,B组病人发生胃潴留的风险并未显著增加(OR=2.062,95%CI:0.477~8.919,P=0.333),C组病人发生胃潴留的风险显著增加(OR=5.315,95%CI:1.198~23.574,P=0.028),线性趋势检验显示,输注速度与胃潴留风险之间存在显著性的剂量反应关系(线性趋势P<0.05)。结论:使用加温营养泵,温度控制在39℃~41℃,输注速度在60~100 mL/h时可有效减少胃潴留的发生,考虑到鼻饲时间和临床护理人员的工作量等客观因素,神经内科危重病人在入院第4天,泵入速度80~100 mL/h值得在临床推广应用。
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0300203 and 2016YFD0300105)。
文摘The shortage of groundwater resources is a considerable challenge for winter wheat production on the North China Plain.Water-saving technologies and procedures are thus urgently required.To determine the water-saving potential of using micro-sprinkling irrigation(MSI)for winter wheat production,field experiments were conducted from 2012 to 2015.Compared to traditional flooding irrigation(TFI),micro-sprinkling thrice with 90 mm water(MSI1)and micro-sprinkling four times with 120 mm water(MSI2)increased the water use efficiency by 22.5 and 16.2%,respectively,while reducing evapotranspiration by 17.6 and 10.8%.Regardless of the rainfall pattern,MSI(i.e.,MSI1 or MSI2)either stabilized or significantly increased the grain yield,while reducing irrigation water volumes by 20–40%,compared to TFI.Applying the same volumes of irrigation water,MSI(i.e.,MSI3,micro-sprinkling five times with 150 mm water)increased the grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat by 4.6 and 11.7%,respectively,compared to TFI.Because MSI could supply irrigation water more frequently in smaller amounts each time,it reduced soil layer compaction,and may have also resulted in a soil water deficit that promoted the spread of roots into the deep soil layer,which is beneficial to photosynthetic production in the critical period.In conclusion,MSI1 or MSI2 either stabilized or significantly increased grain yield while reducing irrigation water volumes by 20–40%compared to TFI,and should provide water-saving technological support in winter wheat production for smallholders on the North China Plain.
