Background:Segregation distortion(SD)is a common phenomenon among stable or segregating populations,and the principle behind it still puzzles many researchers.The F2:3 progenies developed from the wild cotton species ...Background:Segregation distortion(SD)is a common phenomenon among stable or segregating populations,and the principle behind it still puzzles many researchers.The F2:3 progenies developed from the wild cotton species of the D genomes were used to investigate the possible plant transcription factors within the segregation distortion regions(SDRs).A consensus map was developed between two maps from the four D genomes,map A derived from F2:3 progenies of Gossypium klotzschianum and G.davidsonii while Map B from G.thurberi and G.trilobum F2:3 generations.In each map,188 individual plants were used.Results:The consensus linkage map had 1492 markers across the 13 linkage groups with a map size of 1467.445 cM and an average marker distance of 1.0370 cM.Chromosome D502 had the highest percentage of SD with 58.6%,followed by Chromosome D507 with 47.9%.Six thousand and thirty-eight genes were mined within the SDRs on chromosome D502 and D507 of the consensus map.Within chromosome D502 and D507,2308 and 3730 genes were mined,respectively,and were found to belong to 1117 gourp out of which 622 groups were common across the two chromosomes.Moreover,genes within the top 9 groups related to plant resistance genes(R genes),whereas 188 genes encoding protein kinase domain(PF00069)comprised the largest group.Further analysis of the dominant gene group revealed that 287 miRNAs were found to target various genes,such as the gra-miR398,gramiR5207,miR164a,miR164b,miR164c among others,which have been found to target top-ranked stress-responsive transcription factors such as NAC genes.Moreover,some of the stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements were also detected.Furthermore,RNA profiling of the genes from the dominant family showed that higher numbers of genes were highly upregulated under salt and osmotic stress conditions,and also they were highly expressed at different stages of fiber development.Conclusion:The results indicated the critical role of the SDRs in the evolution of the key regulatory genes in plants.展开更多
【目的】对棉花D基因组中Bet v 1基因家族进行分析,比较其在不同抗性棉种间的表达模式差异,为深入研究Bet v 1基因在棉花抗黄萎病中的作用提供理论依据。【方法】通过生物信息学方法对D基因组中Bet v 1基因进行鉴定。通过雷蒙德氏棉(Gos...【目的】对棉花D基因组中Bet v 1基因家族进行分析,比较其在不同抗性棉种间的表达模式差异,为深入研究Bet v 1基因在棉花抗黄萎病中的作用提供理论依据。【方法】通过生物信息学方法对D基因组中Bet v 1基因进行鉴定。通过雷蒙德氏棉(Gossypium raimondii,D5)、三裂棉(G.trilobum,D8)和瑟伯氏棉(G.thurberi,D1)转录组和实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(qRT-PCR)分析Bet v 1基因在黄萎病菌处理下的表达模式。利用病毒诱导的基因沉默技术(VIGS)对Bet v 1基因进行功能鉴定。【结果】[棉花D基因组中包含59个成员,其中57个基因带有内含子,分布于8条染色体上,多数为亲水性蛋白并定位于细胞质。]黄萎病菌胁迫条件下3个野生棉种的Bet v 1基因表达量与其抗病水平一致。将不同表达水平的基因分为3组,其中第3组基因响应黄萎病菌侵染并在抗病棉种瑟伯氏棉中高表达,表明该组基因可能与黄萎病胁迫应答反应有关。从中筛选出高水平表达的Bet v 1基因,在陆地棉中沉默相应的同源基因,棉株感病加重,揭示该基因在棉花抵御黄萎病菌侵染过程中起正调控作用。【结论】响应黄萎病菌胁迫的Bet v 1基因在棉花抗黄萎病复杂的生物过程中至关重要。本研究结果为棉花Bet v 1家族基因的深入研究提供依据,为进一步解析棉花Bet v 1基因的功能奠定基础。展开更多
The opioid receptor-libel receptor (ORL), an orphan receptor whose human and murine complementary DNAs,has been characterized recently. ORL transcripts are particularly abundant in the central nervous system. We demon...The opioid receptor-libel receptor (ORL), an orphan receptor whose human and murine complementary DNAs,has been characterized recently. ORL transcripts are particularly abundant in the central nervous system. We demonstrated that ORL expressed in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH and SH-SY5Y cell lines by radioligand binding assay, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern analysis in the present study. Stimulation with ORL1 specific agonist, nociceptin/orphanin Fo, increased [34S]GTPrγS binding to SK-N-SH cell membranes (EC50 = 14 ±0.45 nM), and attenuated forskolin-stimulated accumulation of cellular cAMP (EC50= 0.80 ±0.45 nM, indicative that activation of ORL1 activates G proteins and inhibits adenylyl cyclase. Activation of ORL1 receptor was also accessed using CHO:hORL1 cell line by microphysiometer. Treatment of nociceptin/orphanin FQ increased extracellular acidification rate significantly.展开更多
Background:Cotton is mainly grown for its natural fiber and edible oil.The fiber obtained from cotton is the indispensable raw material for the textile industries.The ever changing climatic condition,threatens cotton ...Background:Cotton is mainly grown for its natural fiber and edible oil.The fiber obtained from cotton is the indispensable raw material for the textile industries.The ever changing climatic condition,threatens cotton production due to a lack of sufficient water for its cultivation.Effects of drought stress are estimated to affect more than 50%of the cotton growing regions.To elucidate the drought tolerance phenomenon in cotton,a backcross population was developed from G.tomentosum,a drought tolerant donor parent and G.hirsutum which is highly susceptible to drought stress.Results:A genetic map of 10888 SNP markers was developed from 200 BC_2F_2 populations.The map spanned 4191.3 centi-Morgan(c M),with an average distance of 0.1047 c M,covering 51%and 49%of At and Dt sub genomes,respectively.Thirty stable Quantitative trait loci(QTLs)were detected,in which more than a half were detected in the At subgenome.Eighty-nine candidate genes were mined within the QTL regions for three traits:cell membrane stability(CMS),saturated leaf weight(SLW)and chlorophyll content.The genes had varied physiochemical properties.A majority of the genes were interrupted by introns,and only 15 genes were intronless,accounting for 17%of the mined genes.The genes were found to be involved molecular function(MF),cellular component(CC)and biological process(BP),which are the main gene ontological(GO)functions.A number of mi RNAs were detected,such as mi R164,which is associated with NAC and MYB genes,with a profound role in enhancing drought tolerance in plants.Through RT-q PCR analysis,5 genes were found to be the key genes involved in enhancing drought tolerance in cotton.Wild cotton harbors a number of favorable alleles,which can be exploited to aid in improving the narrow genetic base of the elite cotton cultivars.The detection of 30 stable QTLs and 89 candidate genes found to be contributed by the donor parent,G.tomentosum,showed the significant genes harbored by the wild progenitors which can be exploited in developing more robust cotton genotypes with diverse tolerance levels to various environmental stresses.Conclusion:This was the first study involving genome wide association mapping for drought tolerance traits in semi wild cotton genotypes.It offers an opportunity for future exploration of these genes in developing highly tolerant cotton cultivars to boost cotton production.展开更多
Under Type-Ⅱ progressively hybrid censoring, this paper discusses statistical inference and optimal design on stepstress partially accelerated life test for hybrid system in presence of masked data. It is assumed tha...Under Type-Ⅱ progressively hybrid censoring, this paper discusses statistical inference and optimal design on stepstress partially accelerated life test for hybrid system in presence of masked data. It is assumed that the lifetime of the component in hybrid systems follows independent and identical modified Weibull distributions. The maximum likelihood estimations(MLEs)of the unknown parameters, acceleration factor and reliability indexes are derived by using the Newton-Raphson algorithm. The asymptotic variance-covariance matrix and the approximate confidence intervals are obtained based on normal approximation to the asymptotic distribution of MLEs of model parameters. Moreover,two bootstrap confidence intervals are constructed by using the parametric bootstrap method. The optimal time of changing stress levels is determined under D-optimality and A-optimality criteria.Finally, the Monte Carlo simulation study is carried out to illustrate the proposed procedures.展开更多
High-voltage DC(HVDC)cables show more efficiency than high-voltage AC cables over the long distance power transmission and have attracted significant attention recently due to rapid developments in off-shore wind farm...High-voltage DC(HVDC)cables show more efficiency than high-voltage AC cables over the long distance power transmission and have attracted significant attention recently due to rapid developments in off-shore wind farm.Polypropylene laminated paper(PPLP)insulation based HVDC cables have provided a reliable operation for many years and are the highest voltage level in operation at the moment.In this study,the authors intend to understand the electrical performance of PPLP insulation system by examining space charge in detail,especially at the interfaces.It has been found that the interface between polypropylene and Kraft paper acts as trap for charge carriers,resulting in an optimal electric field distribution in PPLP insulation system.The optimal electric field distribution enhances overall electrical performance of PPLP insulation,including higher dc breakdown strength and lower electrical conductivity.展开更多
基金This research program was financially sponsored by the National Key Research and Development Plan(2016YFD0100306)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671745,31530053).
文摘Background:Segregation distortion(SD)is a common phenomenon among stable or segregating populations,and the principle behind it still puzzles many researchers.The F2:3 progenies developed from the wild cotton species of the D genomes were used to investigate the possible plant transcription factors within the segregation distortion regions(SDRs).A consensus map was developed between two maps from the four D genomes,map A derived from F2:3 progenies of Gossypium klotzschianum and G.davidsonii while Map B from G.thurberi and G.trilobum F2:3 generations.In each map,188 individual plants were used.Results:The consensus linkage map had 1492 markers across the 13 linkage groups with a map size of 1467.445 cM and an average marker distance of 1.0370 cM.Chromosome D502 had the highest percentage of SD with 58.6%,followed by Chromosome D507 with 47.9%.Six thousand and thirty-eight genes were mined within the SDRs on chromosome D502 and D507 of the consensus map.Within chromosome D502 and D507,2308 and 3730 genes were mined,respectively,and were found to belong to 1117 gourp out of which 622 groups were common across the two chromosomes.Moreover,genes within the top 9 groups related to plant resistance genes(R genes),whereas 188 genes encoding protein kinase domain(PF00069)comprised the largest group.Further analysis of the dominant gene group revealed that 287 miRNAs were found to target various genes,such as the gra-miR398,gramiR5207,miR164a,miR164b,miR164c among others,which have been found to target top-ranked stress-responsive transcription factors such as NAC genes.Moreover,some of the stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements were also detected.Furthermore,RNA profiling of the genes from the dominant family showed that higher numbers of genes were highly upregulated under salt and osmotic stress conditions,and also they were highly expressed at different stages of fiber development.Conclusion:The results indicated the critical role of the SDRs in the evolution of the key regulatory genes in plants.
文摘【目的】对棉花D基因组中Bet v 1基因家族进行分析,比较其在不同抗性棉种间的表达模式差异,为深入研究Bet v 1基因在棉花抗黄萎病中的作用提供理论依据。【方法】通过生物信息学方法对D基因组中Bet v 1基因进行鉴定。通过雷蒙德氏棉(Gossypium raimondii,D5)、三裂棉(G.trilobum,D8)和瑟伯氏棉(G.thurberi,D1)转录组和实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(qRT-PCR)分析Bet v 1基因在黄萎病菌处理下的表达模式。利用病毒诱导的基因沉默技术(VIGS)对Bet v 1基因进行功能鉴定。【结果】[棉花D基因组中包含59个成员,其中57个基因带有内含子,分布于8条染色体上,多数为亲水性蛋白并定位于细胞质。]黄萎病菌胁迫条件下3个野生棉种的Bet v 1基因表达量与其抗病水平一致。将不同表达水平的基因分为3组,其中第3组基因响应黄萎病菌侵染并在抗病棉种瑟伯氏棉中高表达,表明该组基因可能与黄萎病胁迫应答反应有关。从中筛选出高水平表达的Bet v 1基因,在陆地棉中沉默相应的同源基因,棉株感病加重,揭示该基因在棉花抵御黄萎病菌侵染过程中起正调控作用。【结论】响应黄萎病菌胁迫的Bet v 1基因在棉花抗黄萎病复杂的生物过程中至关重要。本研究结果为棉花Bet v 1家族基因的深入研究提供依据,为进一步解析棉花Bet v 1基因的功能奠定基础。
文摘The opioid receptor-libel receptor (ORL), an orphan receptor whose human and murine complementary DNAs,has been characterized recently. ORL transcripts are particularly abundant in the central nervous system. We demonstrated that ORL expressed in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH and SH-SY5Y cell lines by radioligand binding assay, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern analysis in the present study. Stimulation with ORL1 specific agonist, nociceptin/orphanin Fo, increased [34S]GTPrγS binding to SK-N-SH cell membranes (EC50 = 14 ±0.45 nM), and attenuated forskolin-stimulated accumulation of cellular cAMP (EC50= 0.80 ±0.45 nM, indicative that activation of ORL1 activates G proteins and inhibits adenylyl cyclase. Activation of ORL1 receptor was also accessed using CHO:hORL1 cell line by microphysiometer. Treatment of nociceptin/orphanin FQ increased extracellular acidification rate significantly.
基金program was financially sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671745,31530053)the National key research and development plan(2016YFD0100306)。
文摘Background:Cotton is mainly grown for its natural fiber and edible oil.The fiber obtained from cotton is the indispensable raw material for the textile industries.The ever changing climatic condition,threatens cotton production due to a lack of sufficient water for its cultivation.Effects of drought stress are estimated to affect more than 50%of the cotton growing regions.To elucidate the drought tolerance phenomenon in cotton,a backcross population was developed from G.tomentosum,a drought tolerant donor parent and G.hirsutum which is highly susceptible to drought stress.Results:A genetic map of 10888 SNP markers was developed from 200 BC_2F_2 populations.The map spanned 4191.3 centi-Morgan(c M),with an average distance of 0.1047 c M,covering 51%and 49%of At and Dt sub genomes,respectively.Thirty stable Quantitative trait loci(QTLs)were detected,in which more than a half were detected in the At subgenome.Eighty-nine candidate genes were mined within the QTL regions for three traits:cell membrane stability(CMS),saturated leaf weight(SLW)and chlorophyll content.The genes had varied physiochemical properties.A majority of the genes were interrupted by introns,and only 15 genes were intronless,accounting for 17%of the mined genes.The genes were found to be involved molecular function(MF),cellular component(CC)and biological process(BP),which are the main gene ontological(GO)functions.A number of mi RNAs were detected,such as mi R164,which is associated with NAC and MYB genes,with a profound role in enhancing drought tolerance in plants.Through RT-q PCR analysis,5 genes were found to be the key genes involved in enhancing drought tolerance in cotton.Wild cotton harbors a number of favorable alleles,which can be exploited to aid in improving the narrow genetic base of the elite cotton cultivars.The detection of 30 stable QTLs and 89 candidate genes found to be contributed by the donor parent,G.tomentosum,showed the significant genes harbored by the wild progenitors which can be exploited in developing more robust cotton genotypes with diverse tolerance levels to various environmental stresses.Conclusion:This was the first study involving genome wide association mapping for drought tolerance traits in semi wild cotton genotypes.It offers an opportunity for future exploration of these genes in developing highly tolerant cotton cultivars to boost cotton production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71401134 71571144+1 种基金 71171164)the Program of International Cooperation and Exchanges in Science and Technology Funded by Shaanxi Province(2016KW-033)
文摘Under Type-Ⅱ progressively hybrid censoring, this paper discusses statistical inference and optimal design on stepstress partially accelerated life test for hybrid system in presence of masked data. It is assumed that the lifetime of the component in hybrid systems follows independent and identical modified Weibull distributions. The maximum likelihood estimations(MLEs)of the unknown parameters, acceleration factor and reliability indexes are derived by using the Newton-Raphson algorithm. The asymptotic variance-covariance matrix and the approximate confidence intervals are obtained based on normal approximation to the asymptotic distribution of MLEs of model parameters. Moreover,two bootstrap confidence intervals are constructed by using the parametric bootstrap method. The optimal time of changing stress levels is determined under D-optimality and A-optimality criteria.Finally, the Monte Carlo simulation study is carried out to illustrate the proposed procedures.
基金the financial support received from UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EP/L021560/1-Towards Enhanced HVDC Cable Systems)The further financial support from Shaanxi Electric Power Research Institute,China(SGTYHT/16-JS-200)is also essential.
文摘High-voltage DC(HVDC)cables show more efficiency than high-voltage AC cables over the long distance power transmission and have attracted significant attention recently due to rapid developments in off-shore wind farm.Polypropylene laminated paper(PPLP)insulation based HVDC cables have provided a reliable operation for many years and are the highest voltage level in operation at the moment.In this study,the authors intend to understand the electrical performance of PPLP insulation system by examining space charge in detail,especially at the interfaces.It has been found that the interface between polypropylene and Kraft paper acts as trap for charge carriers,resulting in an optimal electric field distribution in PPLP insulation system.The optimal electric field distribution enhances overall electrical performance of PPLP insulation,including higher dc breakdown strength and lower electrical conductivity.
