Although much has been known about how humans psychologically perform data-driven scientific discovery,less has been known about its brain mechanism.The number series completion is a typical data-driven scientific dis...Although much has been known about how humans psychologically perform data-driven scientific discovery,less has been known about its brain mechanism.The number series completion is a typical data-driven scientific discovery task,and has been demonstrated to possess the priming effect,which is attributed to the regularity identification and its subsequent extrapolation.In order to reduce the heterogeneities and make the experimental task proper for a brain imaging study,the number magnitude and arithmetic operation involved in number series completion tasks are further restricted.Behavioral performance in Experiment 1 shows the reliable priming effect for targets as expected.Then,a factorial design (the priming effect:prime vs.target;the period length:simple vs.complex) of event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used in Experiment 2 to examine the neural basis of data-driven scientific discovery.The fMRI results reveal a double dissociation of the left DLPFC (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and the left APFC (anterior prefrontal cortex) between the simple (period length=1) and the complex (period length=2) number series completion task.The priming effect in the left DLPFC is more significant for the simple task than for the complex task,while the priming effect in the left APFC is more significant for the complex task than for the simple task.The reliable double dissociation may suggest the different roles of the left DLPFC and left APFC in data-driven scientific discovery.The left DLPFC (BA 46) may play a crucial role in rule identification,while the left APFC (BA 10) may be related to mental set maintenance needed during rule identification and extrapolation.展开更多
Previous studies have focused on changes in cerebral cortex activity accompanying memory formation and consolidation.Although the role of the parietal cortex in memory retrieval is well established,it is not well unde...Previous studies have focused on changes in cerebral cortex activity accompanying memory formation and consolidation.Although the role of the parietal cortex in memory retrieval is well established,it is not well understood how parietal cortex memory consolidation for mathematical rules is related to granularity of stored information(i.e.,degree of detail or precision).Changes in parietal cortex activity associated with memory consolidation were analyzed using the Ebbinghaus paradigm and functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).Over the course of 1 week,participants learned Boolean arithmetic tasks involving stimulus-response mapping rules containing either low-or high-granularity information.FMRI images were collected on day 1(i.e., low-granularity condition)and day 7(i.e.,high-granularity condition).The present data suggested that with practice,stored information was converted from a low-granularity to a high-granularity form.By following rule learning,it was hypothesized that the process of consolidation would involve an increased degree of rule representation granularity.Evidence for this process was reflected in parietal cortex activity.This finding was consistent with the hypothesis that mnemonic reconstruction in the parietal cortex is required for memory consolidation,and results suggested that information granules are formed during memory consolidation.The present results could increase the understanding of the relationship between memory consolidation and information granularity.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.60775039 and 60875075)supported by the Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research (Grant No.18300053) from the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science+2 种基金Support Center for Advanced Telecommunications Technology Research,Foundationthe Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Multimedia and Intelligent Software Technology (Beijing University of Technology) Beijingthe Doctoral Research Fund of Beijing University of Technology (Grant No.00243)
文摘Although much has been known about how humans psychologically perform data-driven scientific discovery,less has been known about its brain mechanism.The number series completion is a typical data-driven scientific discovery task,and has been demonstrated to possess the priming effect,which is attributed to the regularity identification and its subsequent extrapolation.In order to reduce the heterogeneities and make the experimental task proper for a brain imaging study,the number magnitude and arithmetic operation involved in number series completion tasks are further restricted.Behavioral performance in Experiment 1 shows the reliable priming effect for targets as expected.Then,a factorial design (the priming effect:prime vs.target;the period length:simple vs.complex) of event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used in Experiment 2 to examine the neural basis of data-driven scientific discovery.The fMRI results reveal a double dissociation of the left DLPFC (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and the left APFC (anterior prefrontal cortex) between the simple (period length=1) and the complex (period length=2) number series completion task.The priming effect in the left DLPFC is more significant for the simple task than for the complex task,while the priming effect in the left APFC is more significant for the complex task than for the simple task.The reliable double dissociation may suggest the different roles of the left DLPFC and left APFC in data-driven scientific discovery.The left DLPFC (BA 46) may play a crucial role in rule identification,while the left APFC (BA 10) may be related to mental set maintenance needed during rule identification and extrapolation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60673015,60775039 and 08BTQ024)the Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research(18300053)from the Japanese Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology
文摘Previous studies have focused on changes in cerebral cortex activity accompanying memory formation and consolidation.Although the role of the parietal cortex in memory retrieval is well established,it is not well understood how parietal cortex memory consolidation for mathematical rules is related to granularity of stored information(i.e.,degree of detail or precision).Changes in parietal cortex activity associated with memory consolidation were analyzed using the Ebbinghaus paradigm and functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).Over the course of 1 week,participants learned Boolean arithmetic tasks involving stimulus-response mapping rules containing either low-or high-granularity information.FMRI images were collected on day 1(i.e., low-granularity condition)and day 7(i.e.,high-granularity condition).The present data suggested that with practice,stored information was converted from a low-granularity to a high-granularity form.By following rule learning,it was hypothesized that the process of consolidation would involve an increased degree of rule representation granularity.Evidence for this process was reflected in parietal cortex activity.This finding was consistent with the hypothesis that mnemonic reconstruction in the parietal cortex is required for memory consolidation,and results suggested that information granules are formed during memory consolidation.The present results could increase the understanding of the relationship between memory consolidation and information granularity.
