OBJECTIVE Alzheimer disease(AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder involving a gradual decline in many cognitive processes and in neurons.The endoplasmic reticulum(ER) is involved in several crucial cellular ...OBJECTIVE Alzheimer disease(AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder involving a gradual decline in many cognitive processes and in neurons.The endoplasmic reticulum(ER) is involved in several crucial cellular functions,eg protein folding and quality control.Massive misfolded or unfolded proteins in ER can disturb the function of ER and induce ER stress,which results in neuronal death in AD.Icariin(ICA) has a wide range of neuro protection and has been researched in AD treatment.However,whether ICA has the effect on ER stress in AD condition,and how ICA affects ER stress remains stil unclear.Therefore,the current study aimed to investigate the mechanism of ICA against cognitive impairments in AD model through ER stress pathway and apoptosis.METHODS Twelve months male APP/PS1 or wild-type(WT)mice were randomly divided into four groups:APP/PS1,and APP/PS1+ICA,WT and WT+ICA groups.The treated mice were given ICA60 mg·kg-1 per day and control mice were received the same volume distilled water for consecutive 3 months.The Morris water maze and novel object recognition were used to detect animals′ behavior.Nissl staining was used to observe the neuronal morphology in hippocampus area.The protein and(or) phosphorylation level of GRP78,p-PERK,PERK,p-IRE1,IRE1,ATF6,p-e IF2α,eIF2α,ATF4,CHOP,the level of cleaved-casepase 3,Bax and Bcl-2 were examined by Western blotting.RESULTS The behavior performance testing by Morris water maze and novel object recognition deteriorated in APP/PS1 mice compared with WT mice,however,ICA significantly improved the behavior performance when compared with APP/PS1.The neuron impairments in APP/PS1 mice also were ameliorated after ICA treatment.The protein expression of GRP78,ATF4,CHOP,and the level of p-PERK and p-eI F2α were higher in APP/PS1 mice than that in WT mice.The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio elevation and caspase 3 activation have been found in APP/PS1 mice.After treated with ICA,those above-mentioned parameters were decreased compared with APP/PS1.However,the levels of IRE1,p-IRE1 and ATF6 were not change among other groups.CONCLUSION ICA may decrease the ER stress and apoptosis in AD model,and may be through inhibiting the PERK/eI F2α pathway,not IRE and ATF6 pathways.展开更多
研究当前具有代表性的4款手持式移动三维激光扫描仪(Handheld 3D Mobile Laser Scanner,HMLS),对其中使用的关键技术进行了对比分析,并通过数据采集试验验证了此类设备获取数据的精度和效率。4款设备均支持激光SLAM、全景影像,能获取真...研究当前具有代表性的4款手持式移动三维激光扫描仪(Handheld 3D Mobile Laser Scanner,HMLS),对其中使用的关键技术进行了对比分析,并通过数据采集试验验证了此类设备获取数据的精度和效率。4款设备均支持激光SLAM、全景影像,能获取真彩色点云数据,差别在于激光传感器、相机、SLAM算法、易用性、作业效率、点云赋色效果等方面有所不同,本文主要从获取数据的作业效率、设备易用性、数据文件占用计算机空间、点云数据效果、点云精度评估等方面分析,徕卡BLK2GO手持实景扫描仪、GeoSLAM手持移动扫描仪作业效率较高,获取的点云数据效果较好,适用性较强,其他两款作业效率稍低,获取的点云数据赋色效果稍差,其中北京数字绿土手持旋转激光扫描系统LiGrip V100测试效果相比欧思徕激光全景测绘机器人SR-RL6(手持模块)要好。相比其他款单人可操作,欧思徕激光全景测绘机器人SR-RL6(手持模块)易用性较弱,外业需两人配合。结果表明,4款设备在平面点位精度、高程精度均优于0.10 m,间距精度上均优于0.05 m,能满足大比例尺地形图测绘的要求;而相比于传统作业方法,4款设备在作业效率上优势明显,在成果丰富性、准确性、精度上均比传统的光电测距等方法生产的地形图更优,未来使用前景广阔。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81560594).
文摘OBJECTIVE Alzheimer disease(AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder involving a gradual decline in many cognitive processes and in neurons.The endoplasmic reticulum(ER) is involved in several crucial cellular functions,eg protein folding and quality control.Massive misfolded or unfolded proteins in ER can disturb the function of ER and induce ER stress,which results in neuronal death in AD.Icariin(ICA) has a wide range of neuro protection and has been researched in AD treatment.However,whether ICA has the effect on ER stress in AD condition,and how ICA affects ER stress remains stil unclear.Therefore,the current study aimed to investigate the mechanism of ICA against cognitive impairments in AD model through ER stress pathway and apoptosis.METHODS Twelve months male APP/PS1 or wild-type(WT)mice were randomly divided into four groups:APP/PS1,and APP/PS1+ICA,WT and WT+ICA groups.The treated mice were given ICA60 mg·kg-1 per day and control mice were received the same volume distilled water for consecutive 3 months.The Morris water maze and novel object recognition were used to detect animals′ behavior.Nissl staining was used to observe the neuronal morphology in hippocampus area.The protein and(or) phosphorylation level of GRP78,p-PERK,PERK,p-IRE1,IRE1,ATF6,p-e IF2α,eIF2α,ATF4,CHOP,the level of cleaved-casepase 3,Bax and Bcl-2 were examined by Western blotting.RESULTS The behavior performance testing by Morris water maze and novel object recognition deteriorated in APP/PS1 mice compared with WT mice,however,ICA significantly improved the behavior performance when compared with APP/PS1.The neuron impairments in APP/PS1 mice also were ameliorated after ICA treatment.The protein expression of GRP78,ATF4,CHOP,and the level of p-PERK and p-eI F2α were higher in APP/PS1 mice than that in WT mice.The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio elevation and caspase 3 activation have been found in APP/PS1 mice.After treated with ICA,those above-mentioned parameters were decreased compared with APP/PS1.However,the levels of IRE1,p-IRE1 and ATF6 were not change among other groups.CONCLUSION ICA may decrease the ER stress and apoptosis in AD model,and may be through inhibiting the PERK/eI F2α pathway,not IRE and ATF6 pathways.
文摘研究当前具有代表性的4款手持式移动三维激光扫描仪(Handheld 3D Mobile Laser Scanner,HMLS),对其中使用的关键技术进行了对比分析,并通过数据采集试验验证了此类设备获取数据的精度和效率。4款设备均支持激光SLAM、全景影像,能获取真彩色点云数据,差别在于激光传感器、相机、SLAM算法、易用性、作业效率、点云赋色效果等方面有所不同,本文主要从获取数据的作业效率、设备易用性、数据文件占用计算机空间、点云数据效果、点云精度评估等方面分析,徕卡BLK2GO手持实景扫描仪、GeoSLAM手持移动扫描仪作业效率较高,获取的点云数据效果较好,适用性较强,其他两款作业效率稍低,获取的点云数据赋色效果稍差,其中北京数字绿土手持旋转激光扫描系统LiGrip V100测试效果相比欧思徕激光全景测绘机器人SR-RL6(手持模块)要好。相比其他款单人可操作,欧思徕激光全景测绘机器人SR-RL6(手持模块)易用性较弱,外业需两人配合。结果表明,4款设备在平面点位精度、高程精度均优于0.10 m,间距精度上均优于0.05 m,能满足大比例尺地形图测绘的要求;而相比于传统作业方法,4款设备在作业效率上优势明显,在成果丰富性、准确性、精度上均比传统的光电测距等方法生产的地形图更优,未来使用前景广阔。
