The Twelve Chinese Zodiac Scripts of Ancient Luo Yue Stone Inscriptions and the Oracle Bone:A Comparative Study

The 12 animal calendars of the Chinese zodiac are the essence and source of Chinese civilization,and have been deeply rooted in the production,life,and social activities of various ethnic groups in China since ancient times.The ancient Luo Yue stone inscription1 is a popular ancient script from four to six thousand years ago,and 17,496 characters have been found,which is the earliest script found on the Chinese land so far.A comparative study of Chinese zodiac characters2 between the ancient Luo Yue stone inscriptions and the oracle bone through paleographic conformation reveals that the two characters have the same and similar characteristics.Therefore,this paper intends to further investigate the kinship between the two,and to conduct a preliminary exploration of the origin,development,and evolution of the zodiac by combining recent human archaeological data,emerging molecular anthropological data,historical literature,and data from the Chinese Civilization Exploration Project,in an attempt to show the integration and dependence of Chinese civilization,the pluralistic pattern of Chinese culture,and the Chinese nation for thousands of years.

An Introduction to the Culture of Zhuang’s Mo Religion Scriptures

Like all the religions in the world,Mo religion is a classic one believed by all Zhuang people.It believes in and worships the gods,having truth in a thing that life and death are manipulated by the gods,that life and death can be reincarnated,and that human beings can be recreated.It has a set of systematic interpretations of the universe,celestial bodies,life and death,misfortune,fate,soul,salvation,etc.It has the omnipotent,omniscient and the infinitely wise.The first Patriarch Bulotuo appeared as the supreme god and master.His professionals are called“pumo”and religious scripture of Mo religion is called“sɯ³⁵mo³⁵”!Mo religion’s activities are known as“hok⁵⁵mo³⁵”.

16个雪茄烟品种的烟碱转化率及与发酵后烟叶TSNAs含量的关系

【目的】明确不同雪茄烟品种烟碱转化率差异及与烟草特有亚硝胺(TSNAs)含量的关系。【方法】对16个雪茄烟品种的中部叶生物碱、硝酸盐和TSNAs含量进行了测定,并分析了其相关关系。【结果】1)不同品种雪茄烟叶均存在烟碱向降烟碱的转化问题,参试的16个品种烟碱含量变化范围为1.14%~5.42%,平均为3.02%,降烟碱含量的变化范围为0.11%~1.47%,平均值0.40%,烟碱转化率范围为5.03%~53.12%,平均值为12.66%,品种间烟碱转化率的变异系数高达101.01%。2)茄衣品种的降烟碱含量和烟碱转化率平均值显著高于茄芯品种。3)不同雪茄烟品种烟叶中的TSNAs含量和组成具有显著差异,总TSNAs含量的变化范围为181.74 ng/g^7759.1 ng/g,平均为3010.98 ng/g,以NNN含量最高,且变异性最大,其平均值为1616.59 ng/g,变异系数为97.28%。4)相关分析结果显示,参试的16个品种的雪茄烟叶中降烟碱含量、烟碱转化率都与NNN和TSNAs含量呈极显著的正相关关系,NNN与降烟碱含量的相关系数为0.802。【结论】烟碱转化导致降烟碱含量增高是造成雪茄烟叶中NNN含量和总TSNAs含量增加的主要原因之一。

烟草贮藏过程中包装方式对TSNAs形成的影响

贮藏阶段是烟叶和烟梗内烟草特有亚硝胺(TSNAs)形成的重要时期,为探索有效抑制贮藏期间TSNAs形成的方法,以白肋烟、烤烟、雪茄茄芯和茄衣烟叶叶片和烟梗为材料,研究了不同包装方式对常温贮藏烟叶和高温贮藏烟叶TSNAs含量的影响。结果表明,白肋烟烟叶采用不同包装方式常温条件下贮藏一年后TSNAs增加幅度差异显著,真空包装烟叶TSNAs含量最低,分别比纸箱包装烟叶和塑料袋包装烟叶降低45.45%和46.02%,且真空包装后烟叶中性致香成分含量较高。将不同类型的烟叶叶片和烟梗进行高温贮藏后常规包装(纸箱包装)的叶片和烟梗的TSNAs含量均大幅上升,但真空包装的不同类型烟叶样品中TSNAs增加幅度显著降低,高温贮藏条件下,真空包装的雪茄茄芯叶片和烟梗TSNAs总量分别比常规包装叶片和烟梗降低38.52%、44.80%,茄衣叶片和烟梗分别降低28.57%、35.86%、白肋烟叶片和烟梗分别降低40.65%、20.84%,且以上三种类型烟叶烟梗TSNAs含量显著高于叶片;烤烟叶片和烟梗TSNAs总量分别比常规包装烟叶降低21.52%、38.29%,叶片TSNAs含量显著高于烟梗。采用真空包装贮藏后,可有效地隔绝氧气,有效抑制贮藏过程中TSNAs的形成和积累。

彩色多普勒超声检查诊断肝移植术后胆道并发症价值分析

目的探讨采用彩色多普勒超声检查诊断肝移植术后胆道并发症的应用价值，为提高移植肝的存活 率提供保障。方法2014 年5 月～2018 年9 月在我院行肝移植术的54 例患者，采用胆道造影和彩色多普勒超声 检查胆道情况。结果经胆道造影检查，发现14例发生了肝移植术后胆道并发症，其中胆道狭窄9 例，胆管内胆泥 或胆石形成5 例；有并发症患者肝内胆管内径和总胆管内径分别为（4.7±2.1）mm 和（7.5±3.6）mm，显著大于40 例无并发症患者的（1.2±0.5）mm 和（4.3±1.6）mm（P＜0.05），有并发症患者肝内胆管壁厚和总胆管壁厚分别为 （2.3±0.4）mm 和（4.7±1.5）mm，显著大于无并发症患者的（0.8±0.2）mm 和（2.1±0.9）mm（P＜0.05）；以总胆管 内径＞6 mm、胆管壁回声增强和总胆管壁厚度＞3.5 mm作为诊断标准，彩色多普勒超声检查诊断肝移植术后胆道 并发症的敏感度为57.1%，特异度为80.0%。结论 使用彩色多普勒超声检查诊断肝移植术后胆道并发症的发生具 有无创、方便和可重复进行的优点，具有很大的临床应用价值。