In order to study the effect of minerals on biomass pyrolysis, experiments on pyrolysis of corn straw with different pretreatment methods were performed by using a thermogravimetric analyzer（TGA） coupled with a Four...In order to study the effect of minerals on biomass pyrolysis, experiments on pyrolysis of corn straw with different pretreatment methods were performed by using a thermogravimetric analyzer（TGA） coupled with a Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectrometer. The pretreatment methods included water washing and acid washing. The experimental results show that acid washing can remove almost all K^＋ and 78% of Ca^2＋ , while water washing only removes most of K ^＋. The existence of K^＋ and Ca^2＋ obviously favors the formation of compounds containing carbonyl groups and CO2 , but it will decrease the yields of compounds containing C-O-C groups. However, the formation of H2O, CO and CH4 are slightly affected by the removal of inorganic ions. With regard to the structure of the metal ions-adsorbed cellulose characterized by IR analysis, it can be considered that there is an ＂ion force＂ between metal ions and cellulosic biomass. The results of thermal kinetic analysis show that this force can make the reaction activation energy of the biomass pyrolysis decrease. A new mechanism is proposed for explaining the effect of inorganic ions on cellulose pyrolysis.展开更多
目的观察电刺激结合咽部肌群训练对脑卒中并发阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者临床症状、睡眠呼吸参数及认知功能的影响。方法 2014年12月1日至2017年11月30日,脑卒中并发OSAS住院患者50例,随机分为对照组和研究组各25例。两组均接...目的观察电刺激结合咽部肌群训练对脑卒中并发阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者临床症状、睡眠呼吸参数及认知功能的影响。方法 2014年12月1日至2017年11月30日,脑卒中并发OSAS住院患者50例,随机分为对照组和研究组各25例。两组均接受常规药物治疗及康复训练,研究组在此基础上接受VocaStim?-Master电刺激,包括咽部神经肌肉电刺激和舌下神经分支刺激,以及咽部肌群训练,共4周。记录干预前后临床症状变化,采用多导睡眠呼吸监测(PSG)及简明精神状况检查(MMSE)进行评定。结果治疗后,研究组临床症状较治疗前及对照组改善(P <0.05),睡眠呼吸紊乱指数(AHI)下降(t> 2.270, P <0.05),平均血氧饱和度、最低血氧饱和度明显增高(t> 3.095, P <0.01),氧减指数显著下降(t> 3.044, P <0.01),MMSE评分明显增高(t> 2.859, P <0.01)。对照组治疗前后AHI、平均血氧饱和度、最低血氧饱和度、氧减指数和MMSE评分均较治疗前无显著性差异(P> 0.05)。结论 VocaStim?-Master电刺激结合咽部肌群训练能有效缓解脑卒中并发OSAS患者的临床症状,改善呼吸功能和认知功能。展开更多
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No. 2003AA514023) and the Na-tional Basic Research Program of China(No. 2004CB719700)
文摘In order to study the effect of minerals on biomass pyrolysis, experiments on pyrolysis of corn straw with different pretreatment methods were performed by using a thermogravimetric analyzer（TGA） coupled with a Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectrometer. The pretreatment methods included water washing and acid washing. The experimental results show that acid washing can remove almost all K^＋ and 78% of Ca^2＋ , while water washing only removes most of K ^＋. The existence of K^＋ and Ca^2＋ obviously favors the formation of compounds containing carbonyl groups and CO2 , but it will decrease the yields of compounds containing C-O-C groups. However, the formation of H2O, CO and CH4 are slightly affected by the removal of inorganic ions. With regard to the structure of the metal ions-adsorbed cellulose characterized by IR analysis, it can be considered that there is an ＂ion force＂ between metal ions and cellulosic biomass. The results of thermal kinetic analysis show that this force can make the reaction activation energy of the biomass pyrolysis decrease. A new mechanism is proposed for explaining the effect of inorganic ions on cellulose pyrolysis.
文摘目的观察电刺激结合咽部肌群训练对脑卒中并发阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者临床症状、睡眠呼吸参数及认知功能的影响。方法 2014年12月1日至2017年11月30日,脑卒中并发OSAS住院患者50例,随机分为对照组和研究组各25例。两组均接受常规药物治疗及康复训练,研究组在此基础上接受VocaStim?-Master电刺激,包括咽部神经肌肉电刺激和舌下神经分支刺激,以及咽部肌群训练,共4周。记录干预前后临床症状变化,采用多导睡眠呼吸监测(PSG)及简明精神状况检查(MMSE)进行评定。结果治疗后,研究组临床症状较治疗前及对照组改善(P <0.05),睡眠呼吸紊乱指数(AHI)下降(t> 2.270, P <0.05),平均血氧饱和度、最低血氧饱和度明显增高(t> 3.095, P <0.01),氧减指数显著下降(t> 3.044, P <0.01),MMSE评分明显增高(t> 2.859, P <0.01)。对照组治疗前后AHI、平均血氧饱和度、最低血氧饱和度、氧减指数和MMSE评分均较治疗前无显著性差异(P> 0.05)。结论 VocaStim?-Master电刺激结合咽部肌群训练能有效缓解脑卒中并发OSAS患者的临床症状,改善呼吸功能和认知功能。
