优化物理化学学科资助布局,提升科学基金资助效能

本文总结了物理化学学科代码的设立和调整变化情况,结合近十年物理化学学科研究发展趋势,论述了自2018年物理化学学科代码优化调整为催化与表界面化学和化学理论与机制以来,优化学科布局对于促进学科前沿基础研究和提升科学基金资助效能方面起到了重要作用,提出了在优化学科布局方面的思考和建议,为后续学科发展战略提供参考。

基于贪婪算法的大数据兼容性云存储方法仿真

现阶段云环境下大数据的存储仍存在存储效率低、带宽合理性差的问题,因大数据的数量巨大、难收集和分析的特点,导致很难实现大数据的精准兼容存储。为此提出基于贪婪算法的大数据兼容性云存储方法。根据大数据云存储流程获取数据存储基本框架。引入贪婪算法,通过贪婪算法的循环迭代重构云存储节点的比特功率,使初始云存储环境转化成具有相同访问数据选择策略的优化云存储环境,提高大数据云存储流程的兼容性,完成大数据兼容性的云存储。实验测试结果表明,提出方法在规定时间内的数据漏存储量较少,且用户下载数据的响应时间始终低于5ms,大数据兼容性云存储的错误样本量低于100bit,说明提出方法的可应用性较强,研究价值较高。

“五星出东方利中国”织锦动物图案身份考辨

“五星出东方利中国”汉代织锦出土于尼雅遗址,被誉为20世纪中国考古学最伟大的发现之一。它色彩鲜艳,图案丰富,意蕴独特。目前对于此织锦上动物图案身份的研究,众多学者仍结论不一。文章以此织锦中争议较大的动物图案为研究对象,采用二重证据法,通过对汉代不同文物上同种类型的动物图案与文献的比较分析,对此织锦上争议较大的动物图案,如鸾鸟、鸵鸟和青龙的身份进行探究,并探讨了动物图案的寓意和背后的文化内涵。

基于真实世界研究探讨全国名中医庞国明教授纯中医缓解2型糖尿病临床特征分析

目的基于真实世界研究探讨全国名中医庞国明教授纯中医缓解2型糖尿病(T2DM)临床特征,为临床实践提供借鉴和参考。方法采集2020年1月—2022年10月开封市中医院庞国明教授工作室就诊的符合T2DM诊断,并采用纯中医“三辨诊疗模式”“序贯三法”治疗方案且达到缓解标准的T2DM患者共计30例。采集患者的人口学资料、中医证型及纯中医治疗前、治疗达标停药时、缓解时患者的体质量指数、血生化检验指标,计算纯中医治疗时长,使用稳态模型评估法评估胰岛素抵抗指数和胰岛β细胞功能指数。分析患者的临床特征、中医证型分布,比较纯中医治疗前与治疗达标停药时、缓解时各项指标的差异。结果患者平均年龄(50.77±9.77)岁;平均病程中位数22(10.5,39.0)个月;平均体质量指数中位数27.75(25.87,28.80)kg/m^(2),中医证型分布情况:痰浊中阻证频率最高,其次气阴两虚证。与治疗前比较,患者停药时空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后1 h血糖(1 h PG)、2 h PG、3 h PG、空腹胰高血糖素(FGC)、1 h GC、2 h GC、3 h GC、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、果糖胺(FMN)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、体质量指数(BMI)、总胆固醇(TC)水平明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),1 h C肽(CP)、胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)水平较前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与治疗前比较,缓解时FPG、1 h PG、2 h PG、1 h GC、2 h GC、HbA1c、BMI、3 h PG、FGC、3 h GC、TC、HOMA-IR水平明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),HOMA-β、1 h CP、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平较前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论纯中医缓解T2DM患者以糖尿病病程<5年,超重或肥胖为主,纯中医治疗时长多集中在3~12个月,中医证型以痰浊中阻证为主。纯中医可能通过降低体质量,改善胰岛素抵抗,改善胰岛β细胞功能,降低胰高血糖素等途径实现缓解T2DM。

连术消渴方对湿热互结兼瘀型初发2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢及微炎症状态的影响

目的探讨连术消渴方对湿热互结兼瘀型初发2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者糖脂代谢及微炎症状态的影响。方法将2020年3月至2022年2月就诊于该院内分泌科门诊或住院的初发T2DM患者80例,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组给予二甲双胍口服治疗,观察组给予连术消渴方治疗,疗程均为8周。比较2组患者临床疗效、中医证候积分、糖脂代谢指标(空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇等)、微炎症指标(白细胞介素-6、C反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子-α、同型半胱氨酸),并记录疗程中不良事件发生情况。研究过程中观察组患者脱落4例,最终纳入36例;对照组患者脱落3例,最终纳入37例。结果观察组患者总有效率明显高于对照组[94.44%(34/36)vs.78.38%(29/37)],疗程结束后中医证候积分明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,2组患者治疗后空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数、白细胞介素-6、C反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子-α、同型半胱氨酸水平均明显下降,且观察组患者治疗后各指标下降幅度均明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者研究过程中均未发生严重不良事件。结论连术消渴方可改善初发T2DM患者的临床症状,抑制炎性细胞因子释放,恢复糖脂代谢功能,提高临床疗效。

地下连续墙钢筋笼吊装受力计算监理审核要点

结合三湖三河水环境治理—武汉巡司河流域综合治理二期(武泰闸污水处理厂)工程的地下连续墙围护结构的施工实践,对地下连续墙钢筋笼吊装专项方案的审核要点进行论述,提出在审核过程中应重点考虑的问题及验算方法,分别从方案的最不利工况分析、起重设备选型和受力验算等三个方面阐述如何审查起重吊装专项施工方案。重点分析如何进行受力计算,并审查方案的受力计算运用的公式、取值和计算结果等是否准确、合理,为监理人员对类似工程的地下连续墙钢筋笼吊装方案的审核提供借鉴。

消岩汤联合卡培他滨和贝伐珠单抗在结直肠癌维持治疗中的临床研究

目的:探讨消岩汤联合卡培他滨和贝伐珠单抗在结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)维持治疗中的疗效和安全性。方法:回顾性选取2016年1月至2021年12月于天津中医药大学第一附属医院接受一线标准化疗后进入维持治疗阶段的晚期CRC患者120例,分为治疗组(消岩汤联合卡培他滨和贝伐珠单抗维持治疗)60例和对照组(卡培他滨和贝伐珠单抗维持治疗)60例。比较两组间的无进展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS),总生存期(overall survival,OS)和安全性。结果:两组患者在基线特征方面差异无统计学意义,治疗组显著延长了CRC患者的PFS(10.9个月vs.9.2个月,P=0.03),但OS未见显著获益(21.2个月vs.19.4个月,P=0.87)。消岩汤可改善患者神疲乏力(P=0.01)、恶心呕吐(P=0.01)、腹胀(P=0.02)的症状,且能减少恶心呕吐(P=0.04)及腹泻(P=0.02)的不良反应。结论:消岩汤联合卡培他滨和贝伐珠单抗维持治疗可显著提高晚期CRC患者的PFS,减轻胃肠道系统不良反应且安全性良好。

五感体验视角下城市公园景观规划设计

在后疫情时代与互联网+的城市发展背景下,人们对自然的追求和感官体验正在转换为对公共空间的内在需求。如何在有限空间中规划充足的公共设施空间和绿地环境,增强群众对公共空间的感官体验,是当下需要思考的实际问题。本研究从五感体验视角出发,总结出五感体验的设计原则和优化策略,力求在建立人与自然和谐空间的同时,解放人们五感对景观的感知,希望能对同类项目的设计与研究带来一定学术上的帮助。

1例精神分裂症伴妊娠合并糖尿病患者的药学监护

临床药师参与1例精神分裂症伴妊娠合并糖尿病患者的治疗过程,结合患者既往疾病史、用药史、家族史,分析可能导致患者血糖升高的药物性因素并进行用药教育和药学监护,提出合理化建议,取得了良好的治疗效果。通过本例药学监护,临床药师发挥药学专业优势,使患者得到更专业的医疗服务,并发挥了医患之间的桥梁作用,提升临床药师在医疗团队的地位。

Safety Evaluation of a Standardized <i>Macleaya cordata</i>Extract in a Ninety Day Feeding Study in Weaned Piglets

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Sangrovit?, a standardized preparation of Macleaya cordata extract (MCE), on the health status and performance in weaned piglets. A total of 128 weaned piglets were randomly divided into four groups (n = 32, 16/sex/group) and fed either a control feed (T1) or the control feed supplemented with 100 mg/kg (T2), 500 mg/kg (T3), or 1000 mg/kg (T4) Sangrovit? (resulting in 0, 3.5, 17.5, 35 mg MCE/kg feed, respectively) for ninety days. The parameters for growth and health status were evaluated during the trial and blood was collected on Day 0 and Day 91 for hematology and biochemistry analysis. After the animals were sacrificed, the weight of the major organs and tissues was measured and histopathological examination on the organs from 8 animals in each group (4/sex/group) was performed. The results showed no statistically significant differences in live weight, feed intake, and average daily weight gain between the treatment and control groups. The feed containing 100, 500, or 1000 mg/kg Sangrovit? was well tolerated by piglets, with no adverse effects noted during the feeding period or in the histopathological results. The majority of the hematological and blood biochemistry parameters displayed no significant changes between the control and treatment groups. Compared to the control group, some hematological parameters including MCV, platelets concentration, and APTT were modified in some but not all treatment groups. Some significant changes in the blood biochemistry parameters were found in the treatment groups including levels in bile acid, haptoglobin, total serum protein, and GTT, as well as creatine kinase activity, but those changes were not toxicologically significant because no observed changes were seen in other similar biomarkers. In sum, this study demonstrated that the addition of Sangrovit? to swine feed at up to 1000 mg/kg does not result in any toxicological effects to the health status and growth of weaned piglets.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nickel‑Aluminum Bronze Coating on 17‑4PH Stainless Steel by Laser Cladding

Bimetallic copper-steel composite could be an effective structural material to improve the performance of traditional nickel-aluminum bronze(NAB)ship propeller due to its high structural strength and corrosion resistance.In this work,the defect-free NAB coatings has been successfully fabricated by laser direct depositing technique on the 17-4PH stainless steel substrate.The phase constitution,microstructure characteristics and hardness properties were investigated in details.The XRD results showed that the coatings mainly consisted ofα-Cu,Fe and intermetallicκphases despite the diffraction peaks shifted more than 0.5°,which may due to the influence of the Ni,Fe and Al atoms dissolved into Cu-matrix.The microstructures of the coatings were affected significantly by laser energy density according to SEM and EDS results.The top region of the coating was more undercooled during solidification,therefore the grains at this region was much finer than that at the bottom region.The higher energy input would lead to coarser grains.Fe-rich dendrites and spherical particles were found in the Cu matrix,which could be a result of liquid separation.The hardness of the coating is in the range of 204 HV0.2–266 HV0.2 which is higher than traditional as-cast NAB.The uneven distribution of Fe-rich phases as well as the hardκphases could be the main reasons for the fluctuations of the hardness value.Tensile fracture occurred at bronze side,not at transition zone,which shows there is a good interfacial bonding between the two metals produced by laser cladding.

Deposition of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM_(2.5) in a typical forestry system in Beijing,China

Background: Rapid economic development in China has resulted in an increase in severe air pollution in city groups such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region. PM2.5(fine particles with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter of 2.5 μm or less) is one of the most important pollutants. The deposition process is an important way of removing particles from the air. To evaluate the effect of an urban forest on atmospheric particle removal, a concentration gradient method was used to measure the deposition velocities of water-soluble inorganics in PM2.5 in two national forest parks in Beijing, China. The following eight water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5 were investigated: sodium, ammonium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chloride, nitrate, and sulfate.Methods: Samples were taken from two sites in Beijing from the 7 th to the 15 th May, 2013. The concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions were analyzed with ion chromatography. We used the concentration gradient technique to estimate the deposition flux and velocity. To determine the relationships between leaf traits and particle accumulation, typical leaf samples from each selected species were studied using scanning electron microscopy.Results: The total deposition flux and total deposition velocity during the daytime were higher than those at night.Sulfate showed the biggest deposition flux and velocity at both study sites, whereas the other ions showed different trends at each site. Result from higher proportion of coniferous to broadleaved trees, the total deposition flux of the eight ions measured in Jiufeng National Forest Park was greater than that in Olympic Forest Park.Conclusions: The deposition velocity was affected by meteorological conditions such as wind speed, temperature,and humidity. The deposition velocity was also influenced by tree species. The surface of plants is an important factor influencing particle deposition. The results of this study may help in assessing the effects of forestry systems on particle removal and provide evidence for urban air pollution control and afforestation of urban areas.

Efficacy evaluation of microwave ablation in primary hepatic carcinoma after 5 years

Objective:To observe the curative effect of microwave ablation(MWA)for primary carcinoma of the liver under the assistance by computed tomography/type-B ultrasonography.Methods:This was a retrospective analysis of 73 patients with primary carcinoma of the liver treated by MWA at the PLA401 Hospital from November 2008 to May 2013.Complete ablation rate,alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)level.

内蒙古白乃庙铜金矿区侵入岩锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹年代学及其地质意义

斑岩铜矿形成后常常遭受后期抬升剥蚀和破坏改造,内蒙古白乃庙铜金矿床是中国北方造山带中少有的几个早古生代斑岩铜矿床之一,其变化保存过程研究具有理论和找矿双重意义。锆石裂变径迹和磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学研究表明,自150 Ma以来白乃庙铜金矿区总体剥蚀量为3.11~3.25 km。矿区内岩体隆升冷却呈快速—缓慢—快速阶梯状3个阶段:150~<90 Ma快速剥露阶段,构造应力以挤压作用为主,平均剥蚀速率0.0457 mm/a;90~<20 Ma稳定剥蚀阶段,矿区构造应力由挤压转变为伸展,平均剥蚀速率0.0033 mm/a;20 Ma至今快速剥露阶段,矿区构造应力为挤压作用,平均剥蚀速率0.0388 mm/a。加里东期到燕山期,矿区受古亚洲洋俯冲、碰撞以及陆内造山活动的影响,白乃庙铜金矿成矿后处于挤压和伸展交替的环境,为白乃庙铜金矿的变化保存提供了有利的地质条件。

生成式图像的广告创意及其媒介物质性分析

随着AIGC技术的不断迭代,广告创意领域对于此类非人为创作的技术使用也呈现较为开放的态度。AIGC生成图像不同于在其之前普遍应用的图像表现形式,其基于数据库而非叙事的特点不仅给以真实性和原创性为圭臬的创作领域的评判标准带来了困难,而且也对新的叙事逻辑的阐释提出了挑战。本文基于此对于广告创意中逐渐兴起的利用数字生成图像展开创意的表达和媒介物质特性进行了分析,指出在生成式图像表面的背后还存在基于算法逻辑和自然语言编码的深度空间。

Multimodal Identification by Transcriptomics and Multiscale Bioassays of Active Components in Xuanfeibaidu Formula to Suppress Macrophage-Mediated Immune Response

Xuanfeibaidu Formula (XFBD) is a Chinese medicine used in the clinical treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Although XFBD has exhibited significant therapeutic efficacy in clinical practice, its underlying pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. Here, we combine a comprehensive research approach that includes network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and bioassays in multiple model systems to investigate the pharmacological mechanism of XFBD and its bioactive substances. High-resolution mass spectrometry was combined with molecular networking to profile the major active substances in XFBD. A total of 104 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized, including flavonoids, terpenes, carboxylic acids, and other types of constituents. Based on the chemical composition of XFBD, a network pharmacology-based analysis identified inflammation-related pathways as primary targets. Thus, we examined the anti-inflammation activity of XFBD in a lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammation mice model. XFBD significantly alleviated pulmonary inflammation and decreased the level of serum proinflammatory cytokines. Transcriptomic profiling suggested that genes related to macrophage function were differently expressed after XFBD treatment. Consequently, the effects of XFBD on macrophage activation and mobilization were investigated in a macrophage cell line and a zebrafish wounding model. XFBD exerts strong inhibitory effects on both macrophage activation and migration. Moreover, through multimodal screening, we further identified the major components and compounds from the different herbs of XFBD that mediate its anti-inflammation function. Active components from XFBD, including Polygoni cuspidati Rhizoma, Phragmitis Rhizoma, and Citri grandis Exocarpium rubrum, were then found to strongly downregulate macrophage activation, and polydatin, isoliquiritin, and acteoside were identified as active compounds. Components of Artemisiae annuae Herba and Ephedrae Herba were found to substantially inhibit endogenous macrophage migration, while the presence of ephedrine, atractylenolide I, and kaempferol was attributed to these effects. In summary, our study explores the pharmacological mechanism and effective components of XFBD in inflammation regulation via multimodal approaches, and thereby provides a biological illustration of the clinical efficacy of XFBD.

透射电子显微镜样品的制备方法及技术综述

透射电子显微分析技术已成为科学研究过程中十分重要的表征手段,可以对材料内部的微观形貌、微区结构以及微区成分进行精细分析,是探索物质本质的强有力工具。那么,透射电子显微镜样品的制备方法及技术就显得尤为重要。结合近几年来的相关报道,阐述了各种透射电子显微镜样品制备方法及技术的基本原理及具体操作步骤,同时对不同类型的透射电子显微镜样品适用的制备方法进行了总结,以期为科研人员进行透射电子显微镜样品制备提供参考。

景观生态学视域下雨洪公园的景观营造研究

随着城市的发展,城市建设区域不断扩大.在新区建设过程中,路面的大面积硬化和高密度的建筑布局破坏了原有的雨水排放方式,面临雨水排放系统的规划和建设问题.以宝鸡市蟠龙新区雨洪公园的设计为例,从景观生态学的角度,提出通过建设雨洪公园解决已建成新区存在的雨洪管理问题.雨洪公园在解决雨水问题的同时,也形成“人-环境-生态”的景观空间格局.

基于VOSviewer的回鹘研究领域可视化分析

为了更好地弘扬中华民族传统文化,悉知有关回鹘的研究范畴及进展,洞晓回鹘范畴的研析脉络、焦点及演进势态,文章运用VOSviewer软件做信息可视化的处理,在CNKI数据库中检索回鹘研究的文献资料,根据文献检索、关键词聚类分析、可视化分析、图谱划分的技术路线,从文献计量学的角度对回鹘研究领域的年发文量、作者合作网络、文献资料引用量、来源期刊统计、关键词共现和聚类分析、研究趋势、研究成果与不足等方面进行剖析研究。同时采用VOSviewer软件绘制作者合作网络、发文机构及高频关键词排序,最后进行关键词共现及聚类分析。目前回鹘领域的研究成果广泛且呈稳步上升态势,研究热点多集中于回鹘文、丝绸之路及甘州回鹘三大研究范畴,但其研究媒介仅限于绘画、壁画、史书文献等资料的研究,相关复原的实例细节展示和基于新时代交叉学科研究方式的成果仍较为欠缺。

CaF_(2):Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+)/X(X=Li^(+),Na^(+),K^(+))近红外二区发光性能研究

利用热分解法制备了CaF_(2):Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+)纳米颗粒,通过改变Yb^(3+)和Er^(3+)的掺杂浓度对其近红外二区(NIR-Ⅱ)发光性能进行调节,研究结果表明,当Yb^(3+)掺杂浓度为20%,Er^(3+)掺杂浓度为2%时,在980 nm光源激发下,NIR-Ⅱ发光性能最强,且纳米颗粒分散性良好,尺寸均匀。然后,进一步研究了不同的碱金属离子(Li^(+)、Na^(+)、K^(+))共掺杂对其NIR-Ⅱ发光性能的影响,研究结果表明,Li^(+)掺杂因不利于纳米颗粒成核导致NIR-Ⅱ发光性能降低,Na^(+)和K^(+)掺杂均有利于NIR-Ⅱ发光性能提升。相比而言,K^(+)离子半径更大,更有利于破坏晶体场的局部对称性,因此,在K^(+)共掺杂的情况下NIR-Ⅱ发光性能最强。